National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2024
KAZAKHSTAN
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Présentation du Kazakhstan
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
14 January 2022
Accessed Date:
9 June 2022
Title:
Kazakhstan. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 June 2023
Accessed Date:
22 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan : Situation générale et données démolinguistiques. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
5 May 2023
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
9 June 2022
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
11 January 2023
Author:
Maria A. Blackwood
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
8 March 2023
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Political and Economic Reforms in Kazakhstan Under President Tokayev
Source:
Silk Road Studies Program. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
Date of Document:
November 2021
Author:
Svante E. Cornell et al.
Accessed Date:
9 June 2022
Title:
Learning from Kazakhstan's January Crisis
Source:
Silk Road Studies Program. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
Date of Document:
18 April 2022
Author:
Svante E. Cornell
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Social Reforms in Kazakhstan
Source:
Silk Road Studies Program. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
Date of Document:
September 2022
Author:
Albert Barro; Svante E. Cornell
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
15 May 2024
Title:
Kazakhstan. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism on his visit to Kazakhstan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
15 January 2020
Accessed Date:
4 August 2021
Title:
Kazakhstan. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Kazakhstan
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
29 March 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
In the Name of Unity: Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Kazakhstan
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
December 2016
Accessed Date:
25 August 2017
Title:
Kazakhstan. The Danger of Standing up for Justice and Rights in Central Asia.
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
“We are like dead souls”: Life without legal capacity in Kazakhstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
12 October 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism on her visit to Kazakhstan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
22 January 2020
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Kazakhstan. Nations in Transit 2022.
Author:
Shalkar Nurseitov
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Information received from Kazakhstan on follow-up to the concluding observations on its second periodic report
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
28 April 2021
Accessed Date:
4 August 2021
Title:
Kazakhstan : Les manifestations de janvier 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Kazakhstan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/KAZ/1
Date of Document:
16 October 2019
Accessed Date:
4 August 2021
Title:
Compilation on Kazakhstan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/KAZ/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 August 2019
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Kazakhstan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/KAZ/3
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
15 August 2019
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
Key concerns and recommendations on the protection of fundamental rights in Kazakhstan
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 June 2022
Title:
“We don't even cry anymore”: Torture, ill-treatment and impunity in Kazakhstan in connection with the ‘Bloody January' events
Source:
International Partnership for Human rights et al.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law on citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1991, 1017-XII
Accessed Date:
24 June 2022
Title:
Kazakhstan. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
22 June 2023
Title:
Law on Documents of Identification 2013, N°73-V
Accessed Date:
24 June 2022
Title:
Obtaining an identity card and passport of Kazakhstan
Date of Document:
5 July 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Kazakhstan. Election for Mazhilis (Kazakh House of Representatives) of 19 March 2023.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Republic of Kazakhstan. Election for President of 20 November 2022.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan's referendum: regime consolidation instead of genuine political reforms
Date of Document:
28 July 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Charge with 10-Year Sentence Reinstated Against Kazakhstan Opposition Figure
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
3 February 2023
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan : Le parti islamique de la
libération (Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islamiyya, HT)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 January 2020
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
Kazakhstan, Early Parliamentary Elections, 19 March 2023: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions
Source:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Kazakhstan: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence 2009, N°214-IV
Accessed Date:
24 June 2022
Title:
Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities of Men and Women 2009, N°223 – IV
Accessed Date:
24 June 2022
Title:
Alt-Right groups in Kazakhstan: How they succeeded in cancelling a Bill against domestic violence
Source:
Foreign Policy Centre
Date of Document:
22 July 2021
Author:
Khalida Azhigulova
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
“On the Margins”: Education for Children with Disabilities in Kazakhstan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 March 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Kazakhstan
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
12 November 2019
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Kazakhstan: Families Struggle to Enjoy Basic Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 October 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. 2021 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
28 September 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan: Revise Draft Laws to Better Protect Women
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 March 2023
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Examining the causes of femicide in Kazakhstan
Source:
Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies
Date of Document:
23 April 2021
Accessed Date:
20 June 2022
Title:
Redefining ‘women's work' in Kazakhstan
Date of Document:
13 December 2021
Accessed Date:
27 June 2023
Title:
“That's When I Realized I Was Nobody”: A Climate of Fear for LGBT People in Kazakhstan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 July 2015
Accessed Date:
15 July 2016
Title:
“Don't Provoke, Don't Challenge”: The Censorship and Self-Censorship of the LGBT Community in Kazakhstan
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
29 August 2016
Title:
Less Equal: LGBTI Human Rights Defenders in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyszstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 December 2017
Page Numbers:
18–19, 27–31, 38–41, 43
Accessed Date:
3 August 2018
Title:
Kazakhstan : Situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 November 2017
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
National report on violations of the rights of gay men, other MSM and trans people in Kazakhstan, 2022
Source:
Eurasian Coalition on Health, Rights, Gender and Sexual Diversity
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia 2023.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
Title:
Situation of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women in Kazakhstan: Alternative report on implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Source:
Feminita: Kazakhstan Feminist Initiative
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 June 2023
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Kazakhstan: Progress update. Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan. Fourth Round of Monitoring.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Accessed Date:
20 June 2022
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Kazakhstan.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
8 March 2022
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
Report on the prevention of Corruption in Kazakhstan (the viewpoint of civil society)
Source:
Civic Foundation Transparency Kazakhstan
Author:
Marat Shibutov et al.
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Joint First and Second Evaluation Rounds: Evaluation Report on Kazakhstan
Code:
GrecoEval 1/2Rep(2021)1
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of States against Corruption.
Date of Document:
15 June 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Web Based Resources
Date of Document:
August 2019
Author:
Oleg Stalbovskiy et al.
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Additional information submitted by Kazakhstan under article 29 (4) of the Convention
Date of Document:
3 October 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Fourth periodic report submitted by Kazakhstan under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2018
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
14 March 2019
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
Kazakhstan: torture victims struggling to obtain justice after the January 2022 events
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
30 March 2022
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
The Penitentiary System in the New Reality. Online Forum Proceedings.
Source:
Penal Reform International et al.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Kazakhstan: Killings, Excessive Use of Force in Almaty
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 January 2022
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
Kazakhstan. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
Fаcing the facts or avoiding the truth? Trial of police accused of torture – test of Kazakhstan's commitment to human rights obligations
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
28 September 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Think Before You Post: Closing Down Social Media Space in Kazakhstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 February 2017
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
Title:
Kazakhstan. Freedom on the Net 2022.
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al.
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan: Right to freedom of expression and ‘extremism' restrictions
Source:
Article 19; Media Legal Center
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
List of Issues Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee during its Periodic Review of Kazakhstan
Source:
Access Now et al.
Date of Document:
3 January 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
22 June 2023
Title:
Kazakhstan. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
27 June 2023
Title:
Religion and the Secular State in Kazakhstan
Source:
Silk Road Studies Program. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
Date of Document:
April 2018
Author:
Svante E. Cornell et al.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
The Fethullah Gülen movement (Hizmet movement), including activities and regions of operation; treatment by society and authorities; state protection (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2018
Accessed Date:
20 August 2019
Title:
Issue update: Kazakhstan's religion law amendments. Recent Changes to the 2011 Law “On Religious Activities and Religious Associations”
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Kazakhstan: Discriminations et persécutions à l'encontre des citoyens kazakhstanais d'origine ouïghoure depuis l'année 2013
Source:
France. Office français de
protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 January 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan: Les mouvements en lien avec les communautés kazakhes de Chine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 May 2019
Accessed Date:
10 August 2020
Title:
Kazakhstan. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
Kazakhstan : La minorité russe.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 November 2019
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Kazakhstan: Improper Prosecution of Asylum Seekers from China
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 January 2020
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
Identity-based discrimination in Kazakhstan: Migrant Workers in Pandemic Times
Source:
Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies
Date of Document:
23 September 2020
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
Title:
Kazakhstan / Kirghizstan / Ouzbékistan : Traitement réservé par les autorités ouzbeks et kirghizes à leurs ressortissants extradés par les autorités kazakhes à la suite des manifestations de janvier 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 June 2022
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
Title:
Country Profiles: Kazakhstan
Source:
Vatican City. Integral Human Development.
Accessed Date:
13 June 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Kazakhstan: Independent Union Under Threat of Suspension
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 January 2021
Accessed Date:
5 August 2021
Title:
A sustained crackdown on independent worker organising: Kazakhstan, a case study
Source:
Foreign Policy Centre
Date of Document:
22 July 2021
Accessed Date:
21 June 2022
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 June 2023:
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/kazakhstan/
Accessed Date:
9 June 2023
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
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- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.