National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2021
CHILE
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2010
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chili. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Chile. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
3 May 2021
Accessed Date:
25 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2020
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report – Chile
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2021
Title:
Chile. Amnesty International Report 2020/21: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 April 2021
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
Title:
Chile. World Report 2021: Events of 2020.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Chile
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/32/CHL/1
Date of Document:
7 November 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Compilation on Chile
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/32/CHL/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 November 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Chile
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/32/CHL/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
6 November 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Chile
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
28 August 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Report of the Quebec and Canadian Mission of Human Rights Observation in Chile
Source:
Centre International de Solidarité Ouvrière
Date of Document:
16 August 2020
Author:
Andrés Fontecilla et al.
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Report of the Mission to Chile 30 October – 22 November 2019
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 December 2019
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Chile. Addendum.
Code:
CAT/C/CHL/CO/6/add.1
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture
Date of Document:
11 September 2019
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chapter II: Nationality and Citizenship. Chile's Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2015.
Source:
Chile; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
12 April 2017
Title:
Rights and obligations of permanent residents; instances under which permanent residence is lost
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 January 2017
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Chile
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
April 2016
Author:
Gabriel Echeverría
Accessed Date:
1 March 2017
Title:
IV. Chile. Born in the Americas. The Promise and Practice of Nationality Laws in Brazil, Chile and Colombia.
Source:
Open Society Foundations
Date of Document:
March 2017
Author:
Gabriel Echeverría
Accessed Date:
20 April 2017
Title:
Chile. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Information on child custody documentation through which the father grants complete custody of the child to the mother, including appearance and content (2016-November 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 November 2018
Accessed Date:
26 April 2019
Title:
Whether a permanent resident automatically loses their resident status if they are absent from the country for a period of over one year; recourse available to challenge the vacation of permanent resident status (2015-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2018
Accessed Date:
15 April 2019
Title:
Chile – Updates on Visas and Permanent Residency Procedures
Source:
KPMG International Limited
Date of Document:
13 November 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Digital Government in Chile – Digital Identity
Source:
OECD e-Government Studies
Date of Document:
1 October 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Chile. Election for President of 19 November 2017.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
23 April 2018
Title:
Republic of Chile. Election for Senado (Chilean Senate) of 19 November 2017.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
18 April 2018
Title:
Republic of Chile. Referendum of 25 October 2020.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The 2020 Chilean Plebiscite: Overview, Citizen Engagement, and Potential Impact
Source:
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Date of Document:
5 October 2020
Author:
Margarita R. Seminario; Giulia Neaher
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile's Fractured Democratic Consensus
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
17 February 2021
Accessed Date:
25 May 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Family law in Chile: overview
Source:
Thomson Reuters. Practical Law.
Date of Document:
1 November 2020
Author:
Daniela Horvitz Lennon
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Chile
Source:
United Nations. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
14 March 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Avortement au Chili: les femmes face à d'innombrables obstacles
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
August 2018
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Chile: Law Permits Abortion on Three Grounds
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
25 May 2018
Author:
Graciela Rodriguez-Ferrand
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Chile: Justice for sexual abuse of children
Source:
Child Rights International Network
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chile. Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
Accessed Date:
7 May 2021
Title:
Activists in Latin America battle to guarantee access to safe abortion in COVID-19 world
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020.
Source:
Geneva: World Health Organization
Date of Document:
18 June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
LGBTI persons in Chile deprived of liberty, with restrictions on their liberty, and other human rights situations related to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
Accessed Date:
1 March 2017
Title:
Chile. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
A Step Backward for Same-Sex Couples in Chile
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 September 2020
Author:
José Miguel Vivanco
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Chile: Tier 1. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
10 March 2020
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
In Chile, Drug Trafficking Becoming More Prominent and Violent
Date of Document:
7 August 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile's court admits corruption accusation against President Piñera
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Review: Chile
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
Author:
Sebastián Doren; Juan Ignacio Donoso
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Gangs, cartels and organized criminal groups, including their areas of influence and alliances within and outside the country; presence of Colombian drug cartels in the country, including whether they may pose a threat to an individual; ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 May 2021
Accessed Date:
26 May 2021
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Essential Issues of the Chilean Legal System
Date of Document:
February 2019
Author:
Sergio Endress Gómez et al.
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chili : Possibilités de révision des condamnations pénales
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
State of Privacy Chile
Source:
Privacy International
Date of Document:
26 January 2019
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Chile: Police Reforms Needed in the Wake of Protests
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 November 2019
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
State Communications Surveillance and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in Chile
Source:
Necessary and Proportionate
Date of Document:
December 2015
Author:
Valentina Hernández et al.
Accessed Date:
10 April 2018
Source:
New Internationalist
Date of Document:
27 July 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chili : Pratique de la torture par les forces de sécurité
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 October 2018
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The Situation of the Right to Freedom of Expression in Chile. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2018.
Source:
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 March 2019
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Chile. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Chile. The Indigenous World 2021.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
José Aylwin et al.
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Mapuche. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
September 2017
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Supplementary Report on the application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Source:
National Institute of Human Rights of Chile
Date of Document:
28 October 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Combined twenty-second and twenty-third periodic reports submitted by Chile under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2016
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
14 September 2018
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Anti-Discrimination Laws in Chile
Date of Document:
4 January 2021
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 23 April 2021:
Title:
Chile. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ci.html
Accessed Date:
21 May 2020
Title:
Chile. World Report 2020: Events of 2019.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2020
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/chile
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chile. Freedom in the World 2019.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/chile/freedom-world/2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2019
Title:
Chile. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Chile.html
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Family law in Chile: overview
Source:
Thomson Reuters. Practical Law.
Date of Document:
1 May 2019
Author:
Daniela Horvitz Lennon
URL:
https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/9-568-3568?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true&bhcp=1
Accessed Date:
10 April 2018
Title:
Chile. Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
URL:
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chile
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chile: Tier 1. Trafficking in Persons Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report-2/chile/
Accessed Date:
12 September 2019
Title:
Chile. International Religious Freedom Report for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 June 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/chile/
Accessed Date:
12 September 2019
Title:
Chile. The Indigenous World 2019.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2019
Author:
Observatorio Ciudadano de Chile
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/images/documents/indigenous-world/IndigenousWorld2019_UK.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Supplementary Report on the application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Source:
National Institute of Human Rights of Chile
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2fCERD%2fIFN%2fCHL%2f38581&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chile. Human rights in the Americas: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 February 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AMR0113532020ENGLISH.PDF
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Title:
Chile: Referendum Called and State of Emergency Ended: People Protesting Inequality
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 November 2019
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr22/1440/2019/en/
Accessed Date:
7 May 2020
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 June 2020
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10880
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Amnesty International Report 2020/21: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 April 2021
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL1032022021ENGLISH.PDF
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
Title:
Report of the Quebec and Canadian Mission of Human Rights Observation in Chile
Source:
Centre International de Solidarité Ouvrière
Date of Document:
16 August 2020
Author:
Andrés Fontecilla et al.
URL:
https://ovcd.org/en/2020/08/16/rapport-final-mission-ddhh/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile – Updates on Visas and Permanent Residency Procedures
Source:
KPMG International Limited
Date of Document:
13 November 2019
URL:
https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2019/11/flash-alert-2019-170.html
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Digital Government in Chile – Digital Identity
Source:
OECD e-Government Studies
Date of Document:
1 October 2019
URL:
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/0e312f24-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/0e312f24-en
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Republic of Chile. Referendum of 25 October 2020.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3502/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The 2020 Chilean Plebiscite: Overview, Citizen Engagement, and Potential Impact
Source:
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Date of Document:
5 October 2020
Author:
Margarita R. Seminario; Giulia Neaher
URL:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/2020-chilean-plebiscite-overview-citizen-engagement-and-potential-impact
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile's Fractured Democratic Consensus
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
17 February 2021
URL:
https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/17/chile-s-fractured-democratic-consensus-pub-83784
Accessed Date:
25 May 2021
Title:
Activists in Latin America battle to guarantee access to safe abortion in COVID-19 world
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 September 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/activists-latin-america-access-safe-abortion-covid19/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020.
Source:
Geneva: World Health Organization
Date of Document:
18 June 2020
URL:
https://www.unicef.org/media/70731/file/Global-status-report-on-preventing-violence-against-children-2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_World_Trans_Legal_Mapping_Report_2019_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
A Step Backward for Same-Sex Couples in Chile
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 September 2020
Author:
José Miguel Vivanco
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/24/step-backward-same-sex-couples-chile
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
In Chile, Drug Trafficking Becoming More Prominent and Violent
Date of Document:
7 August 2020
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/analysis/chile-drug-trafficking-boom/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chile's court admits corruption accusation against President Piñera
URL:
https://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=64887&SEO=chiles-court-admits-corruption-accusation-against-president-pinera
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Date of Document:
June 2020
URL:
https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/chile/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Review: Chile
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
Author:
Sebastián Doren; Juan Ignacio Donoso
URL:
https://thelawreviews.co.uk/title/the-anti-bribery-and-anti-corruption-review/chile
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Gangs, cartels and organized criminal groups, including their areas of influence and alliances within and outside the country; presence of Colombian drug cartels in the country, including whether they may pose a threat to an individual; ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 May 2021
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458338
Accessed Date:
26 May 2021
Title:
Update: Essential Issues of the Chilean Legal System
Date of Document:
February 2019
Author:
Sergio Endress Gómez et al.
URL:
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Chile1.html
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chili : Possibilités de révision des condamnations pénales
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1809_chili_possibilite_de_revision_des_condamnations_penales.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Source:
New Internationalist
Date of Document:
27 July 2020
URL:
https://newint.org/features/2020/07/27/criminalizing-hunger
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Chili : Pratique de la torture par les forces de sécurité
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 October 2018
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1809_chi_torture.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Combined twenty-second and twenty-third periodic reports submitted by Chile under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2016
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
14 September 2018
URL:
https://undocs.org/CERD/C/CHL/22-23
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Anti-Discrimination Laws in Chile
Date of Document:
4 January 2021
URL:
https://knowledge.leglobal.org/anti-discrimination-laws-in-chile/
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
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- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.