National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 March 2019
RUSSIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Russian Federation
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Title:
Russie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Title:
Russia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
22 January 2019
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Russian Federation State Actors of Protection
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
March 2017
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
Title:
Russian Federation. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia. World Report 2019: Events of 2018.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
Russia. Nations in Transit 2018.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
South Ossetia. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
27 September 2016
Accessed Date:
27 January 2017
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to resolution 16/21 of the Human Rights Council
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/RUS/1
Date of Document:
1 March 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Compilation on the Russian Federation
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/RUS/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 March 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia: Citizenship, Living Conditions, Protection from Refoulement and Consequences of Leaving for citizens from the Former Soviet Republics in Russia and Hate Crimes and racially motivated attacks against Non-Slav Citizens in Russia.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
August 2017
Accessed Date:
25 January 2018
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Russian Federation
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/RUS/3
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 March 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (Ukraine)
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 September 2017
Accessed Date:
25 January 2018
Title:
Crimea. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Federal Law No. 62-FZ on Russian Federation Citizenship
Accessed Date:
3 December 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; police/security forces
Title:
Georgia and South Ossetia: Requirements and procedures for a Georgian citizen of Ossetian ethnicity to acquire South Ossetian citizenship (2008-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2014
Accessed Date:
26 June 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; identity documents
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain internal and foreign travel passports; whether biometric passports have been used; if so, information on the biometric passport, including stored biometric data and its appearance; requirements and procedures...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Availability of fraudulent documents
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Keywords:
corruption; corruption; crime; crime; document fraud; identity documents; legislation; trafficking in persons
Title:
The Transformation of Russian Citizenship Policy in the Context of European or Eurasian Choice: Regional Prospects
Source:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Date of Document:
13 June 2017
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Whether the consent of both parents is required for a child to be listed and/or pictured in one of the parents' international passports; whether the consent of both parents is required for a child to obtain his or her own passport
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; identity documents
Title:
Conditions under which Soviet-born persons who emigrated from the territory of Russia before, during or after 1992 would be permitted to apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation; factors taken into account when processing such an...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 September 2008
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; police/security forces
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a temporary residence permit, a permanent residence permit, and citizenship through marriage
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 November 2011
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation; marriage
Title:
Whether a database containing residency registration information of Russian citizens exists; how it is accessed and under what circumstances; how it is updated
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 December 2009
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; government corruption; nationality; police corruption; police/security forces
Title:
Russia. U.S. Visa Reciprocity and Civil Documents.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Federal Law on Introduction of Changes into the Federal Law 'on the Citizenship of the Russian Federation'
Date of Document:
12 November 2012
Accessed Date:
19 November 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Information Letter: New Regulations on Dual Citizenship in Russia
Date of Document:
June 2014
Accessed Date:
27 January 2017
Title:
Russia and Uzbekistan: Whether an individual born in the Soviet Union (Russia) to ethnic Russian parents, who is a citizen of Uzbekistan, is entitled to Russian citizenship (2013-May 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 May 2014
Accessed Date:
29 May 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Russian Federation. Election for Gosudarstvennaya Duma (Russian Federal Duma) of 18 September 2016.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
30 December 2016
Title:
International Election Observation Mission: Russian Federation – Presidential Election, 18 March 2018.
Source:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
6 June 2018
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
Russian Federation, State Duma Elections, 18 September 2016. OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission, Final Report.
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
23 December 2016
Accessed Date:
30 January 2017
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Russia.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Russia
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
10 November 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
“Like Walking a Minefield”: Vicious Crackdown on Critics in Russia's Chechen Republic
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
31 August 2016
Accessed Date:
30 December 2016
Title:
Russia: Government vs. Rights Groups
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 June 2018
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
Russian Federation. Election for President of 18 March 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Crimea in the Dark: The Silencing of Dissent
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
15 December 2016
Accessed Date:
30 January 2017
Title:
Follow-Up Memorandum of the Commissioner for Human Rights on Freedom of Assembly in the Russian Federation
Source:
Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
5 September 2017
Accessed Date:
25 January 2018
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Russian Federation. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; honour crimes; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; police/security forces; sexual violence; statistics
Title:
“I Could Kill You and No One Would Stop Me”: Weak State Response to Domestic Violence in Russia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 October 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia. WAVE Country Report 2017: The Situation of Women's Specialist Support Services in Europe.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
29 January 2019
Title:
Russia: Decriminalization of Domestic Violence
Source:
United States. The Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Center.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Concluding observations on the report submitted by the Russian Federation under article 12 (1) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
Code:
CRC/C/OPSC/RUS/CO/1
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child
Date of Document:
3 July 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Situation and treatment of sexual minorities; legislation, state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legislation; penal system; police efficacy; sexual minorities; social services
Title:
Russia. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia: A state-led assault on equality. Challenging hate: Monitoring anti-LGBT “hate speech” and responses to it in Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine.
Date of Document:
February 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
“They Said that I'm Not a Human, That I Am Nothing, That I Should Rather be a Terrorist, Than a Faggot”: LGBT Persecution in the North Caucasus: a Report
Source:
Russian LGBT Network
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
“They Have Long Arms and They Can Find Me”: Anti-Gay Purge by Local Authorities in Russia's Chechen Republic
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 May 2017
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Monitoring of discrimination and violence based on SOGI in Russia in 2016-2017
Source:
Russian LGBT Network
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Justice or Complicity? LGBT Rights and the Russian Courts
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 December 2016
Title:
Violation of transgender people's rights in Russia: research results
Source:
Transgender Legal Defense Project
Author:
Diana Yashenkova; Kseniya Kirichenko
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Written submission related to the situation of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons and men who have sex with men in Russia. Submitted for the consideration of the 6th periodic report by the Russian Federation for the 62nd Session of ...
Source:
Moscow LGBT-Initiative et al.
Date of Document:
August 2017
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Russia. Trans Legal Mapping Report: Recognition Before the Law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2017
Author:
Zhan Chiam; Sandra Duffy; Matilda González Gil
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Persecution of LGBTI people in the Chechen Republic (Russian Federation)
Source:
Council of Europe. Parliamentary Assembly.
Date of Document:
8 June 2018
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Russia: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Xenophobia in Figures: Hate Crime in Russia and Efforts to Counteract It in 2017
Source:
SOVA-Center for Information and Analysis
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
Editor:
Alexander Verkhovsky
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia 2018 Crime and Safety Report: Moscow
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia 2018 Crime and Safety Report: St. Petersburg
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
26 January 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Overview of the Package of Changes into a Number of Laws of the Russian Federation Designed to Provide for Additional Measures to Counteract Terrorism
Source:
International Centre for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
21 July 2016
Accessed Date:
30 January 2017
Title:
Information on military conscription and exemption from service, including alternative military service for conscientious objectors
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 November 2011
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
corruption; indigenous groups; legislation; military service; religion
Title:
Military service, including amendments to military service; whether women are treated differently than men; whether holders of military books are treated differently than conscripted persons; consequences of draft evasion and availability of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 April 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
identity documents; legislation; military service
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of the Russian Federation
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
28 August 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention. Sixth periodic reports of States parties due in 2016. Russian Federation.
Date of Document:
27 December 2016
Accessed Date:
16 January 2018
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, Gabriela Knaul. Addendum: Mission to the Russian Federation.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 April 2014
Accessed Date:
17 December 2014
Keywords:
legal system; legislation
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Measures implemented to fight police corruption, including the procedure for filing a complaint against the police; the witness protection program
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 November 2011
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
abduction; corruption; crime; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legislation; police corruption; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; torture; witness protection
Title:
Standardized police reporting forms, including appearance; whether police are required to submit a written response to a complainant regardless of whether they pursue an investigation, appearance and content of the written response; police...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 October 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
police report; police/security forces
Title:
Procedures for obtaining police reports and medical reports; whether these can be obtained by a third party acting on behalf of a Russian citizen who is outside the country
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 December 2009
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
medical records; police report
Title:
Whether hospitals are obliged to notify police if someone is treated as the result of an assault, including cases of domestic violence
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 December 2009
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Keywords:
domestic violence; institutional efficacy; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Russia. Freedom of the Press 2017.
Accessed Date:
10 January 2018
Title:
Russia. Freedom on the Net 2018.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Online and On All Fronts: Russia's Assault on Freedom of Expression
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 July 2017
Accessed Date:
25 January 2018
Title:
Russia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 May 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
The Fethullah Gülen movement (Hizmet movement), including activities and regions of operation; treatment of members by society and authorities; recourse available to members, including state protection (2002-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 February 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
conflict; freedom of expression; legislation; political activities; political opposition; political organizations
Title:
Treatment of members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (2011- November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 November 2014
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; minorities; religion; statistics
Title:
Russia: Sweeping Arrests of Jehovah's Witnesses
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 June 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Religion and Violence in Russia: Context, Manifestations, and Policy
Source:
Centre for Strategic and International Studies
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
The situation of national minorities in Crimea following its annexation by Russia
Source:
European Parliament. Directorate-General for External Policies.
Date of Document:
13 April 2016
Author:
Natalia Shapovalova
Accessed Date:
30 January 2017
Title:
Situation and treatment of ethnic Armenians, particularly in Moscow; availability of state protection (2009-July 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 July 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; judicial efficacy; legislation; minorities
Title:
Fourth Report submitted by the Russian Federation pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Code:
ACFC/SR/IV(2016)006
Date of Document:
20 December 2016
Accessed Date:
5 January 2018
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Russian Federation. The Situation for Chechens in Russia.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
August 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
OSCE Rapporteur's Report under the Moscow Mechanism on alleged Human Rights Violations and Impunity in the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation
Code:
ODIHR.GAL/76/18/Corr.1
Source:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
21 December 2018
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the twenty-third and twenty-fourth periodic reports of the Russian Federation
Code:
CERD/C/RUS/CO/23-24
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
20 September 2017
Accessed Date:
5 January 2018
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Twenty-third to twenty-fourth periodic reports of States parties due in 2016. Russian Federation.
Date of Document:
1 July 2016
Accessed Date:
30 January 2017
Title:
Protecting the Rights of Roma and Travellers
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
25 January 2018
Title:
The treatment of people of mixed race and of people of African descent by society and the authorities; state protection provided to people of mixed race and to people of African descent who have been victims of violence and...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 March 2015
Accessed Date:
14 January 2016
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; legislation; race; social services
Title:
Racism, Discrimination and Fight Against “Extremism” in Contemporary Russia and its controlled territories
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
18 July 2017
Accessed Date:
5 January 2018
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Tchétchénie: activités politiques en exil, dangers liés au renvoi
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
4 April 2017
Accessed Date:
5 January 2018
Title:
Residence registration system, including legal requirements to change residence registration when moving from a residence with multiple co-registrants and whether consent from co-registrants is needed (2014-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 February 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Keywords:
corruption; freedom of movement; gender equality; government corruption; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; legal system; legislation; police/security forces
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 January 2019:
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 April 2018
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=277211
Accessed Date:
23 April 2018
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.