National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 March 2019
NEPAL
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2007
Accessed Date:
14 February 2013
Title:
Bhoutan - Népal. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Nepal. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
14 March 2018
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Nepal - Administrative Divisions
Source:
United Nations. Resident Coordinator's Office Nepal.
Date of Document:
24 July 2011
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Title:
Road Distances of Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Resident Coordinator's Office Nepal.
Date of Document:
22 August 2011
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Title:
Nepal. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
Accessed Date:
18 March 2019
Title:
Nepal. Amnesty International Annual Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal Human Rights Yearbook 2018
Source:
Informal Sector Service Centre
Date of Document:
19 February 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Achieving Justice for Gross Human Rights Violations in Nepal
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. World Report 2018: Events of 2017.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2018
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. The State of Conflict and Violence in Asia.
Source:
The Asia Foundation
Date of Document:
11 October 2017
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. Freedom in the World 2017.
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal: Human Rights Impact of the Post-Earthquake Disaster Response. A Preliminary Report.
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
February 2016
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Nepal Citizenship Act 2063 (2006)
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage
Title:
Constitution of Nepal, 2072.6.3 (2015). Part 2: Citizenship.
Accessed Date:
10 February 2016
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation; nationality
Title:
Identity documents in Nepal, including citizenship certificates, birth certificates, driver's licences, and biometric identification cards, and the names of the agencies that issue them
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; document fraud; election; freedom of movement; gender equality; identity documents; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; marriage; social services
Title:
Situation of Tibetans with a Refugee Identity Card (RIC) [Refugee Card (RC); Refugee Identification Certificate (RC)], including social, legal, and mobility rights; conditions and instances under which status given by the RIC is lost; requirements...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 January 2015
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Keywords:
children; citizenship; freedom of movement; government corruption; identity documents; legislation; social services
Title:
Prevalence and availability of fraudulent documents such as police certificates and reports, medical reports or hospital records, employment records and certificates (2014- June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
Whether an individual born in Nepal to Tibetan parents would be eligible for Nepali citizenship, including requirements and procedures; if citizenship by birth is not applicable to said individual, other options available to that person for...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 August 2013
Accessed Date:
26 February 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; indigenous groups; legislation; minorities
Title:
Machine-readable passports, including whether previously issued passports are still valid; requirements and procedures to obtain them, processing times, and sample copies
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 February 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; identity documents; Internet; marriage
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Nepal
Code:
RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-CR 2017/8
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
March 2017
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Comparing the 2007 and 2015 Constitutions
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Nepal.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
27 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. Pratinidhi Sabha (House of Representatives).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union
Date of Document:
14 March 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. Byabasthapika-Sansad (Legislature-Parliament).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union
Date of Document:
6 March 2018
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Peace, power and inclusive change in Nepal. Political Settlements in Practice.
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Date of Document:
October 2016
Author:
Anagha Neelakantan et al.
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Nepal
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
22 September 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
The Nepal Congress Party (NC) and Nepal Tarun Dal (Youth wing of NC), including treatment of their members by their political opponents; incidents of extortion by the Youth Communist League (YCL), including incidents involving their...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 June 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; conflict; crime; disappeared persons; election; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Instances of kidnapping and extortion by Maoist groups and affiliated student groups, including targeting of the Nepal Congress (NC) party and pro-monarchists; instances of land capture by Maoist groups; availability and effectiveness of...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2015
Accessed Date:
16 March 2016
Keywords:
abduction; armed groups; conflict; crime; extremist/terrorist organizations; police efficacy; political opposition; political organizations
Title:
Threat letters issued by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) CPN-M), Unified Communist Party of Nepal (UCPN), and Young Communist League (YCL) groups, including prevalence; whether regional commanders issue threat letters ordering households to joi...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
Information on the Human Rights Organization of Nepal (HURON), including location of the office, listings of leaders and staff; whether HURON issues letters of support for people who are political targets or victims of attacks by Maoist groups...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
Poverty, stigma and alienation: Reintegration challenges of ex-Maoist combatants in Nepal. A participatory action research project with ex-PLA fighters in Nepal.
Source:
Berghof Foundation
Date of Document:
May 2016
Author:
Simon Robins et al.
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Political Parties, Old and New. Accord Issue 26.
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Nepal. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Keywords:
children; conflict; crime; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of movement; gender equality; gender-based violence; honour crimes; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; marriage; minorities; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; religion; sexual violence; social services; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Civil Society's Alternate Report on CEDAW Convention
Source:
CEDAW Shadow Report Preparation Committee
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Gender and Nepal's Transition from War
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Date of Document:
September 2017
Author:
Jeevan Baniya et al.
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Ending Impunity for Child Marriage in Nepal: A Review of Normative and Information Gaps
Source:
Center for Reproductive Rights
Date of Document:
25 November 2016
Accessed Date:
23 March 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined third to fifth periodic reports of Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
8 July 2016
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Treatment of sexual minorities, including legislation, state protection, and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Keywords:
abduction; crime; election; extralegal executions/killings; family law; freedom of assembly; gender equality; human rights activists; identity documents; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces complaints; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review regarding the protection of the rights of LGBTI persons in Nepal
Source:
Kaleidoscope Australia
Date of Document:
March 2015
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Nepal: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Information on the Democratic Terai Liberation Front (Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, JTMM), including origins, structure, and activities (2002-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2016
Accessed Date:
22 March 2017
Title:
Nepal. 2017 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
27 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. Country Reports on Terrorism 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Nepal. WJP Rule of Law Index 2017-2018.
Source:
World Justice Project
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Justice mechanisms and conflict dynamics in Nepal: Local perceptions and impacts
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Update: Research Guide of the Legal System of Kingdom of Nepal
Date of Document:
January 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Nepal: Protest and Repression. Special Report on State Responsibility for 37 Killings During Protests in Terai.
Source:
Asian Human Rights Commission; Terai Human Rights Defenders Alliance
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Nepal: Torture and Coerced Confessions
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 July 2016
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Human Rights in the Nepali Law Enforcement and Security Sector. Issue Paper 4.
Source:
University of Sydney
Author:
Kiran Grewal and Danielle Celrmajer
Accessed Date:
24 February 2017
Title:
Nepal. Freedom of the Press 2016.
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Supporting Safety of Journalists in Nepal
Source:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Freedom of Expression on Internet in Nepal
Date of Document:
5 August 2016
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Report of the International Mission to Nepal for Promoting Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists
Source:
International Media Support
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
17 March 2016
Keywords:
abduction; conflict; disappeared persons; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; political activities; political organizations
Title:
Impunity Continues Unabated
Date of Document:
December 2016
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
Nepal. International Religious Freedom Report for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 August 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Nepal. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2016: Events of 2015.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
July 2016
Author:
Shikha Dilawri et al.
Accessed Date:
23 January 2017
Title:
Under China's Shadow: Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
April 2014
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; disappeared persons; document fraud; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; identity documents; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; rejected asylum seekers; religion; state surveillance; statistics; torture; warrants
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Seventeenth to twenty-third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008. Nepal.
Date of Document:
20 February 2017
Accessed Date:
23 March 2017
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Status of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship (No. 1302), including implementation (2012-October 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 October 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Keywords:
freedom of movement; identity documents; political activities; transport infrastructure
Title:
India, Nepal, and China: Return of Tibetans from India and Nepal to China, including treatment of Tibetan returnees by Chinese authorities; return of Tibetans from China to Nepal and India (2013-April 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 May 2015
Accessed Date:
28 May 2015
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; police efficacy; police/security forces; rejected asylum seekers
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 April 2018:
Title:
Nepal. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 April 2018
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=277289
Accessed Date:
25 April 2018
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.