National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 April 2014
COMOROS
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Cartographic Section. Comoros.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
21 November 2012
Title:
Cartographic Section. Comoros.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
21 November 2012
Title:
Madagascar - Comores - Maurice - Seychelles. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
21 November 2012
Title:
Madagascar - Comores - Maurice - Seychelles. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
21 November 2012
Title:
Comoros. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
11 April 2014
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Comoros. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
11 April 2014
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Comoros: Helping People Recover From Floods
Source:
United Nations. Integrated Regional Information Networks.
Date of Document:
10 September 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
humanitarian situation
Title:
Comoros: Helping People Recover From Floods
Source:
United Nations. Integrated Regional Information Networks.
Date of Document:
10 September 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
humanitarian situation
Title:
Comoros. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2014
Accessed Date:
7 March 2014
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; country overview; disappeared persons; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; judicial corruption; labour; legal system; minorities; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; political activities; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; trafficking in persons; warrants; witness protection
Title:
Comoros. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2014
Accessed Date:
7 March 2014
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; country overview; disappeared persons; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; judicial corruption; labour; legal system; minorities; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; political activities; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; trafficking in persons; warrants; witness protection
Title:
Comoros. Freedom in the World 2013.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; corruption; document fraud; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; judicial corruption; labour; legal system; penal system; police corruption; political activities; religion; sexual violence
Title:
Comoros. Freedom in the World 2013.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; corruption; document fraud; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; judicial corruption; labour; legal system; penal system; police corruption; political activities; religion; sexual violence
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Comoros
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/18/COM/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 April 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; freedom of expression; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; sexual minorities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Comoros
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/18/COM/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 April 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; freedom of expression; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; sexual minorities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Constitution de l'Union des Comores adoptée par référendum le 23 décembre 2001
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; labour; legal system; legislation; nationality; political organizations; religion
Title:
Constitution de l'Union des Comores adoptée par référendum le 23 décembre 2001
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; labour; legal system; legislation; nationality; political organizations; religion
Title:
Loi relative à la citoyenneté économique en Union des Comores
Accessed Date:
18 April 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Loi relative à la citoyenneté économique en Union des Comores
Accessed Date:
18 April 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Whether the spouse of a Comoran citizen can acquire Comoran nationality; if so, the procedures and documents required to obtain Comoran nationality; whether children who were born abroad to Comoran parents can obtain the nationality of their parents...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 November 2010
Accessed Date:
19 April 2013
Keywords:
children; legislation; marriage; nationality; religion
Title:
Whether the spouse of a Comoran citizen can acquire Comoran nationality; if so, the procedures and documents required to obtain Comoran nationality; whether children who were born abroad to Comoran parents can obtain the nationality of their parents...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 November 2010
Accessed Date:
19 April 2013
Keywords:
children; legislation; marriage; nationality; religion
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Elections in the Comoros
Source:
African Elections Database
Date of Document:
21 October 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations
Title:
Elections in the Comoros
Source:
African Elections Database
Date of Document:
21 October 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: Comoros. Advance Unedited Version.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
24 October 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; police efficacy; political activities; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: Comoros. Advance Unedited Version.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
24 October 2012
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; police efficacy; political activities; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. 2012 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
30 September 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
children; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. 2012 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
30 September 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
children; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition of Same-Sex Love.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2013
Author:
Lucas Paoli Itaborahy; Jingshu Zhu
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
Comoros. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition of Same-Sex Love.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2013
Author:
Lucas Paoli Itaborahy; Jingshu Zhu
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Comoros (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2013.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 June 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
children; corruption; drug trafficking; judicial corruption; labour; legislation; police/security forces; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2013.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 June 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
children; corruption; drug trafficking; judicial corruption; labour; legislation; police/security forces; social services; trafficking in persons
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems - (No items in this section)
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Comoros. Freedom of the Press 2013.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; Internet; legislation
Title:
Comoros. Freedom of the Press 2013.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; Internet; legislation
Title:
Comoros. International Religious Freedom Report for 2012.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Comoros. International Religious Freedom Report for 2012.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 April 2014
Keywords:
legislation; minorities; religion
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race - (No items in this section)
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 14 March 2014:
Title:
Comoros. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 April 2013
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cn.html
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Comoros. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 April 2013
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cn.html
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Comoros. Freedom in the World 2012.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/comoros
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police corruption; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; sexual violence
Title:
Comoros. Freedom in the World 2012.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/comoros
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police corruption; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; sexual violence
Title:
Comoros. 2011 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
26 September 2012
URL:
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/2011TDA/Comoros.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; drug trafficking; labour; legislation; military service; sexual violence; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. 2011 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
26 September 2012
URL:
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/2011TDA/Comoros.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; drug trafficking; labour; legislation; military service; sexual violence; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. State-Sponsored Homophobia: A World Survey of Laws Criminalising Same-Sex Sexual Acts Between Consenting Adults.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2012
Author:
Lucas Paoli Itaborahy
URL:
http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
Comoros. State-Sponsored Homophobia: A World Survey of Laws Criminalising Same-Sex Sexual Acts Between Consenting Adults.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2012
Author:
Lucas Paoli Itaborahy
URL:
http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
Comoros (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2012.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2012
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/192366.htm
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; corruption; crime; drug trafficking; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; organized crime; police efficacy; religion; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2012.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2012
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/192366.htm
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; corruption; crime; drug trafficking; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; organized crime; police efficacy; religion; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Comoros. Freedom of the Press 2012.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2012/comoros
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; Internet; legislation; political activities
Title:
Comoros. Freedom of the Press 2012.
URL:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2012/comoros
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; Internet; legislation; political activities
Title:
Comoros. International Religious Freedom Report for 2011.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 July 2012
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?dlid=192697
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; crime; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Comoros. International Religious Freedom Report for 2011.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 July 2012
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?dlid=192697
Accessed Date:
15 April 2013
Keywords:
children; crime; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Comoros
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/18/COM/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 November 2013
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/52ea3dd24.html
Accessed Date:
29 April 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; freedom of expression; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; sexual minorities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Comoros
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/18/COM/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 November 2013
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/52ea3dd24.html
Accessed Date:
29 April 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; family law; freedom of expression; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; sexual minorities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.