National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2026
RUSSIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Title:
Medical Country of Origin Information Report. Russian Federation.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
14 March 2024
Title:
Russia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 December 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
The Russian Federation: Country Focus. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
December 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Structures géopolitiques de la Fédération. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
19 February 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2024
Title:
Russia. BTI 2026 Country Report.
Date of Document:
26 March 2026
Accessed Date:
30 March 2026
Title:
Présentation de la Russie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
7 June 2022
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
Russia. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-For-Profit Law
Date of Document:
23 May 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia's War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
14 September 2023
Accessed Date:
14 March 2024
Title:
The ECHR holds Russia accountable for widespread abuses of human rights arising from the conflict in Ukraine since 2014, including the downing of flight MH17
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
9 July 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Chronologie des principaux événements en Tchétchénie de 2011 à 2024
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Factsheet Russie
Source:
Organisation Suisse d'Aide aux Réfugiés
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Briefing. EU sanctions against Russia 2025: State of play, perspectives and challenges
Source:
European Parliament
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
26 March 2026
Source:
Global Conflict Tracker. Council on Foreign Relations.
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russian Military Performance and Outlook. In focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
4 February 2026
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
A short history of hate. How Russia's pro-government media learned to target ‘internal enemies'
Source:
Novaya Gazette Europe
Date of Document:
4 February 2026
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia. World Report 2026: Events of 2025.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia. Nations in Transit 2024.
Author:
Margarita Zavadskaya
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Freedom in the World 2026.
Accessed Date:
26 March 2026
Title:
South Ossetia. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Norms: Crimea 2024 Situation Review
Source:
Crimean Human Rights Group
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21: Russian Federation
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/44/RUS/1
Date of Document:
24 August 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russian Federation: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/44/RUS/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
1 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Summary of stakeholders' submissions on the Russian Federation
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/44/RUS/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
1 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia: Under the “Eye of Sauron”: Persecution of Critics of the Aggression against Ukraine
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 July 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 July 2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Crimea. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Russian Federation: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
15 September 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia's Legislative Minefield: Tripwires for Civil Society since 2020
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
August 2024
Author:
Damelya Aitkhozhina; Aleksander Lokhmutov
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Is Civil Society Still Alive in Russia?
Source:
Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies
Date of Document:
20 September 2024
Author:
Stefan Ingvarsson; Ekaterina Kalinina
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Thematic Country of Origin Information Report on the Russian Federation: Military service; LGBTIQ+; critics and opponents
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
14 February 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
COI Query Response. Russia: Security situation in Belgorod City and Belgorod Oblast.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
4 November 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
“Our City Was Gone': Russia's Devastation of Mariupol, Ukraine
Source:
Human Rights Watch et al.
Date of Document:
8 February 2024
Author:
Gerry Simpson; Richard Weir
Editor:
Anagha Neelakantan; Ida Sawyer
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Country Intelligence Report: Russia as a Country of Origin
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Author:
Ridgeway Information; Stop The Traffik
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
Russia: New Restrictions for 'Foreign Agents'
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 December 2022
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
Treatment of civilians deprived of their liberty in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation against Ukraine
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
23 September 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
“Foreign agents” banned from accessing passive income in Russia
Source:
International Press Institute
Date of Document:
28 December 2024
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Expanded Foreign Agents Law Adopted in the Russian Federation
Source:
Safety of Journalists Platform. Council of Europe.
Date of Document:
29 July 2025
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
COI Query Response. Russia: Major developments regarding human rights and military service.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
21 November 2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Eighth Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
16 December 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia Legalizes Massive DNA Collection Without Oversight
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 February 2023
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Fédération de Russie/Biélorussie : Le groupe anarchiste Autodéfense populaire (ou Autodéfense du Peuple)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : La situation des personnes en situation de handicap en Tchétchénie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 April 2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
Title:
“The Hope Left Us:” Russia's Siege, Starvation, and Capture of Mariupol City
Source:
Global Rights Compliance et al.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine: 1 December 2024 – 31 May 2025
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Ukraine
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, including the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
28 May 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Ukraine: School Teacher: A High-Risk Job Under Russian Occupation
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 October 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
The New Generation of the Far-Right and Their Victims. Hate Crimes and Counteraction to Them in Russia in 2023
Source:
SOVA-Center for Information and Analysis
Date of Document:
14 February 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Law enforcement versus human rights defenders: how the Russian state persecutes human rights defenders
Date of Document:
8 November 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
New citizenship law takes effect in Russia
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
27 October 2023
Author:
Ramesh Ganohariti
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia Threatens Ukrainians Who Refuse Russian Citizenship
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 May 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain internal and foreign travel passports; whether biometric passports have been used; if so, information on the biometric passport, including stored biometric data and its appearance; requirements and procedures...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Title:
Availability of fraudulent documents
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Title:
Fédération de Russie: La procédure d'enregistrement du mariage civil
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 January 2022
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Whether the consent of both parents is required for a child to be listed and/or pictured in one of the parents' international passports; whether the consent of both parents is required for a child to obtain his or her own passport
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 November 2013
Accessed Date:
29 November 2013
Title:
Conditions under which Soviet-born persons who emigrated from the territory of Russia before, during or after 1992 would be permitted to apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation; factors taken into account when processing such an...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 September 2008
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Title:
Russia and Ukraine: Issuance of Russian passports and citizenship rights to Ukraine citizens living in the territories of Crimea and Donbas [Donbass] (2014-February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 February 2020
Accessed Date:
30 March 2020
Title:
Whether a database containing residency registration information of Russian citizens exists; how it is accessed and under what circumstances; how it is updated
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 December 2009
Accessed Date:
22 November 2012
Title:
Russian Federation. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Nouvelle loi sur la citoyenneté
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 July 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Russia's state-backed WeChat copy launches digital ID
Date of Document:
25 September 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Basic Information; Election results. Russian Federation: State Duma.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Source:
European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity
Date of Document:
22 July 2022
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russian Federation State Duma Elections 19 September 2021: ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report 31 May-4 June 2021
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
25 June 2021
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Reported cases of political prisoners in the Russian Federation
Source:
Council of Europe. Parliamentary Assembly.
Date of Document:
3 June 2022
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Statement of the Golos movement on the results of the regional elections of 6-8 September 2024
Source:
Russian Election Monitor
Date of Document:
September 2024
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Authorities step up criminal reprisals against anti-war Yabloko party
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
5 December 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Year After Navalny's Death, Supporters Targeted
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 February 2025
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Russian Federation. Election for Russian Presidency of 15 March 2024.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russia: Critics and opponents of the government. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
August 2022
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les mouvements indépendantistes, nationalistes et de défense du peuple kalmouk : En particulier, le Congrès du peuple Oirat-Kalmouk
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 September 2022
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Russia: Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review, 44th Session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council. Joint Stakeholder Submission.
Source:
Equality Now et al.
Date of Document:
4 April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
“I Could Kill You and No One Would Stop Me”: Weak State Response to Domestic Violence in Russia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 October 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
The Russian Federation. WAVE Country Report 2025: The status and value of women's specialist services in tackling gender-based violence against women.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
December 2025
Author:
Elena Floriani; Léa Dudouet
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined sixth and seventh periodic reports of the Russian Federation
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
1 March 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Combined sixth and seventh periodic reports submitted by the Russian Federation under article 44 of the Convention, due in 2019
Date of Document:
16 November 2022
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Harmful Traditional Practices in the North Caucasus, Russia. Gender-Based Violence Dispatch No. 3.
Date of Document:
December 2021
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russie / Tchétchénie : « crimes d'honneur »
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
22 March 2019
Accessed Date:
6 March 2020
Title:
Replies of the Russian Federation to the list of issues in relation to its combined sixth and seventh periodic reports
Date of Document:
1 November 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Délivrance des papiers d'identité aux enfants mineurs et autorisations parentales pour leur sortie du territoire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 July 2020
Accessed Date:
8 March 2021
Title:
Russia: Reproductive rights at risk and the anti-gender movement against the backdrop of war
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 June 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. Review of Russia. 95th Session.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
December 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les enfants en situation de handicap
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 September 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Information received from the Russian Federation on follow-up to the concluding observations on its ninth periodic report
Date of Document:
2 April 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
These Women Fled Abuse in Russia's North Caucasus. Then They Were Found Dead.
Date of Document:
22 December 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's Systematic Program for the Re-Education & Adoption of Ukraine's Children
Source:
Yale University. Yale School of Public Health. Humanitarian Research Lab.
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
Author:
Kaveh Khoshnood et al.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of the Russian Federation
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
30 November 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia: Domestic Violence Legislation
Date of Document:
8 April 2021
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Stolen Childhood: How the Belarusian Regime is Erasing Ukrainian Children's Identity through Displacement, October 2024 Re‑education, and Militarization
Source:
Freedom House et al.
Date of Document:
October 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Russia: “Your children will go to an orphanage”: Children and the crackdown on protest
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
31 May 2024
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Joint Submission to the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls' call for inputs on the report, “surrogacy and violence against women”
Source:
Global Justice Center
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Situation and treatment of sexual and gender minorities; legislation, state protection and support services (2017-February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Accessed Date:
30 March 2020
Title:
Russia. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia 2026.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
February 2026
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: A state-led assault on equality. Challenging hate: Monitoring anti-LGBT “hate speech” and responses to it in Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine.
Date of Document:
February 2018
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Report on the Life of LGBTQ+ People in Russia in 2023
Source:
Coming Out; Sphere Foundation
Date of Document:
17 May 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russie : Le mouvement Kallisto
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 May 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia's Compliance with International Convention on Civil and Political Rights: LGBTI Rights
Source:
The Advocates for Human Rights; Moscow Community Center for LGBT+ Initiatives
Date of Document:
31 January 2022
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russia: Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's draconian new law is forcing trans people to flee the country
Date of Document:
26 July 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia: Rising Toll of LGBT ‘Extremism' Designation
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Additional Joint Submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the Rights of LGBTQ+ Children in Russia
Source:
Eurasian Coalition for Health, Rights, Gender and Sexual Diversity et al.
Date of Document:
December 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia: First Convictions Under LGBT ‘Extremist' Ruling
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 February 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russian Federation: situation of sexual and gender minorities
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 December 2023
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
30 years of LGBTQ+ history in Russia: from decriminalisation in 1993 to ‘extremist' status in 2023
Date of Document:
10 January 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Russia: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
The Old and the New Names in the Reports. Hate Crimes and Counteraction to Them in Russia in 2022
Source:
SOVA-Center for Information and Analysis
Date of Document:
30 January 2023
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Russia.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
26 December 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Groupes armés clandestins au Daghestan (2018-2021)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia. Global Organized Crime Index 2025.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
November 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : La Confrérie du Nord
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 October 2022
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Ukraine / Russie : Les sourds-muets, victimes de réseaux criminels
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 January 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia: UN experts condemn brazen terrorist attacks in Dagestan
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
27 June 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Fédération de Russie/Moldavie/Géorgie : Citoyenneté russe et obligations militaires en Transnistrie, Abkhazie et Ossétie du Sud
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service; Sweden. Swedish Migration.
Date of Document:
March 2025
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Service militaire, soldats sous contrat et mobilisation. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
24 October 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Russian Federation: Treatment of military deserters by state authorities since the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine (1 February 2022 – 4 April 2022).
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
5 April 2022
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Over 20,000 Russians prosecuted for refusing to fight in Ukraine. Russia sees a wave of military refusal, with Ukraine not far behind
Date of Document:
26 June 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Recruitment of Chechens to the war in Ukraine.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Services.
Date of Document:
April 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russian Federation: Military service. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
The Russians Fighting for Ukraine
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 October 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Le recrutement de femmes en Tchétchénie en lien avec la guerre en Ukraine : En particulier, du personnel médical, paramédical ou des psychologues
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 August 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russian Federation: Military recruitment for the war in Ukraine in 2023. Update of EUAA reports on military service in the Russian Federation.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 March 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Le statut du personnel d'active de l'armée russe
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 February 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by the Russian Federation under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the simplified reporting procedure, due in 2022
Date of Document:
16 January 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les conditions de détention
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Report on Russia's Legal and Administrative Practice in Light of its OSCE Human Dimension Commitments
Code:
ODIHR.GAL/58/22/Rev.1
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
22 September 2022
Author:
Angelika Nußberger
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova. Torture in the Russian Federation: a tool for repression at home and aggression abroad.
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
11 October 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia: Street musicians jailed for a third time over anti-war songs
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 November 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Recruitment of convicted prisoners by the Wagner Group and their use in the war in Ukraine
Source:
European Prison Litigation Network; Russia Behind Bars
Date of Document:
24 August 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia/Azerbaijan: Authorities must investigate alleged abuses against detainees amid tit for tat policing operations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 July 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Official Statistics of the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court on Countering Extremism for the First Half of 2024
Source:
SOVA Center for Information and Analysis
Date of Document:
29 October 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
'Hell within Hell' and Cold Torture. People Persecuted for Political Cases Keep Being Placed in a Punishment Cell (SHIZO)
Date of Document:
3 November 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. The Russian Federation: Major developments in the Russian Federation in relation to the treatment of political opposition and dissent, 15 February 2023 to 25 September 2023.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
3 October 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Terrorising the dissent: Abuse of terrorism-related charges in Russia
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 February 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia's Systematic Torture of Ukrainian POWs
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 December 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Disappearing en Route: a Legal Black Hole in Russia's Prisoner Transfer System
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
“Nine Circles of Hell': Places of Detention in Ukraine Under the Russian occupation, March 2022 – December 2022
Source:
Danish Institute against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
12 April 2023
Author:
Vadym Chovgan et al.
Editor:
Therese Rytter et al.
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Torture at Balakliia Police Station: 6 Cells, 64 Captives and No Room for Humanity
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights; Truth Hounds
Date of Document:
December 2024
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Standardized police reporting forms, including appearance; whether police are required to submit a written response to a complainant regardless of whether they pursue an investigation, appearance and content of the written response; police...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 October 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Title:
When 'russkiy mir' comes: War crimes and IHL violations committed by Russian armed forces in Hrakove and Zaliznychne
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 November 2023
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Putin's Henchmen: The Russian National Guard in the Invasion of Ukraine
Source:
International Centre for Defence and Security
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia: Withdrawal from the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture Puts Detainees at Grave Risk
Source:
SOS-Torture Network. World Organisation Against Torture.
Date of Document:
17 October 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, on his visit to Ukraine
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 April 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Thieves in Law: Russian Pillage in Occupied Ukraine
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights; State Capture: Research and Action
Date of Document:
30 September 2024
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Vibrant Information Barometer 2024.
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Freedom on the Net 2025.
Editor:
Shannon O'Toole; Tyler Roylance
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's Digital Authoritarianism: The Kremlin's Toolkit
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights; Global Diligence
Date of Document:
September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
How Internet censorship changed in Russia during the 1st year of military conflict in Ukraine
Source:
Open Observatory of Network Interference
Date of Document:
24 February 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Ten years of Russian occupation in Crimea: a decade of repression of local independent journalism
Source:
Reporters without Borders
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Prominent human rights defenders targeted under “undesirable organizations” legislation
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 December 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Understanding the Laws Relating to “Fake News” in Russia
Source:
Thomson Reuters Foundation; Committee to Protect Journalists
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia: Foreign Tech Companies Cave to Authorities' Pressure
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova. Rule of fear: silencing dissent and anti-war expression in the Russian Federation in the name of national security
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
16 September 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Disrupted, Throttled, and Blocked: State Censorship, Control, and Increasing Isolation of Internet Users in Russia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 July 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia – The NGO Reporters sans frontières (RSF) declared an “undesirable organization” (August 18, 2025)
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia passes law punishing searches for 'extremist' content
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Digital Iron Curtain Falls on Internet Freedom Protection Day
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 March 2026
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russia. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2026 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
4 March 2026
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Profile: Russia
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
24 October 2023
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Treatment of members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (2011- November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 November 2014
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Title:
Apostles of Violence: The Russian Orthodox Church's Role in Russian Militarism
Source:
Finland. Finish Immigration Services.
Date of Document:
February 2024
Author:
Pär Gustafsson Kurki
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Religion and Violence in Russia: Context, Manifestations, and Policy
Source:
Centre for Strategic and International Studies
Date of Document:
June 2018
Author:
Olga Oliker et al.
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
Russia: Inadequate Response to Antisemitism in North Caucasus
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 November 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Actualité de la situation des Témoins de Jéhovah
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 December 2021
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Fédération de Russie : situation des athées en Tchétchénie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 March 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russia: Jehovah's Witnesses. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Fédération de Russie/Lettonie : L'Eglise évangélique Nouvelle Génération.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 January 2022
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia's Persecution of Religious Groups and FoRB Actors
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Author:
Dylan Schexnaydre
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia sentences Crimean Jehovah's Witness to six years 'for reading religious texts'
Source:
Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
Date of Document:
11 September 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Anger In Russia Over Muslim Migrants Praying In Public
Source:
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Date of Document:
8 November 2025
Author:
Farangis Najibullah et al.
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Crimean Tatars' struggle for human rights
Source:
Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
18 April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
The treatment of people of mixed race and of people of African descent by society and the authorities; state protection provided to people of mixed race and to people of African descent who have been victims of violence and...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 March 2015
Accessed Date:
14 January 2016
Title:
Fourth Opinion on the Russian Federation - adopted on 20 February 2018
Code:
ACFC/OP/IV(2018)001
Source:
Council of Europe. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Date of Document:
20 February 2018
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia : Inclusion of indigenous peoples' and national minorities' rights organisations in the list of “extremist organisations”
Source:
The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders; Anti-Discrimination Centre Memorial
Date of Document:
25 July 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russian Federation: Discrimination related to ethnicity, migration status and citizenship. Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 44th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Fourth Cycle, November 2023).
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion et al.
Date of Document:
31 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth periodic reports of the Russian Federation
Code:
CERD/C/RUS/CO/25-26
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
1 June 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Ten Years of Occupation by the Russian Federation: Human Rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol, Ukraine
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
28 February 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russia. The Indigenous World 2025.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russian Federation. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
8 March 2021
Title:
Russia's exit from the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Edina Julianna Haiszky
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les mariages interethniques en milieu tchétchène
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 August 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia/Ukraine: 10 years of occupation of Crimea Russia is seeking to effect demographic change while suppressing Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar identities
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 March 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Observations on the State of Indigenous Rights in the Russian Federation Prepared for the 44th Session of the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council
Source:
Cultural Survival et al.
Date of Document:
4 April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Residence registration system, including legal requirements to change residence registration when moving from a residence with multiple co-registrants and whether consent from co-registrants is needed (2014-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 February 2015
Accessed Date:
27 January 2016
Title:
Get a Passport or Leave: Russia's Ultimatum to Ukrainians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Situation des combattants engagés dans les mouvements djihadistes au Moyen-Orient et des membres de leurs familles à leur retour en Fédération de Russie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 September 2021
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
The decisions of the ECtHR and the Russian Constitutional Court have become law: a victory in the 10-year struggle for the rights of prisoners of immigration detention facilities
Source:
Anti-Discrimination Centre
Date of Document:
28 December 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2025:
Title:
Russia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
18 March 2025
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
URL:
https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/RUS
Accessed Date:
26 March 2024
Title:
Russia. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-For-Profit Law
Date of Document:
15 August 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/russia
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russia. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russia. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/russia
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Freedom in the World 2025.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2025
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
South Ossetia. Freedom in the World 2024.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/south-ossetia/freedom-world/2024
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Sixth Interim Report on reported violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Ukraine
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
13 December 2024
URL:
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/9/582835_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Russian Federation. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/RussianFederation.html
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Basic Information; Election results. Russian Federation: State Duma.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/RU/RU-LC01/
Accessed Date:
30 March 2022
Title:
The Russian Federation. WAVE Country Report 2023: The status and value of women's specialist services in preventing and tackling gender-based violence against women.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
December 2023
Author:
Elena Floriani; Léa Dudouet
URL:
https://wave-network.org/wp-content/uploads/WAVE_CountryReport2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia 2024.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
February 2024
URL:
https://www.ilga-europe.org/files/uploads/2024/02/2024_russia.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russian Federation: situation of sexual and gender minorities
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 December 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2312_rus_lgbt_eng.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/russia/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russia. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/2023/country/russia
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
URL:
https://www.policinglaw.info/country/russia
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-net/2024
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2024 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
1 May 2024
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Russia.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russia. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
Author:
Olga Murashko; Johannes Rohr
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/russia/5394-iw-2024-russia.html
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Russian Federation: State Actors of Protection.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
March 2017
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/EASOCOI_Russia_State_actors_of_protection.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 January 2018
Title:
Country of origin information report for the Russian Federation
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
March 2023
URL:
https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/directives/2023/06/31/country-of-origin-information-report-russian-federation/EN+COI+Report+Netherlands+on+Russian+Federation+March+2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2024
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Russian Federation: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
13 September 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/d2081947-4936-428c-82db-b6f47896012a/a-hrc-57-59-aev.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Is There Life in the Desert? Russian Civil Society After the Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine
Source:
International Centre for Defence and Security
Date of Document:
May 2023
URL:
https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2023/05/ICDS_Report_Is_There_Life_in_the_Desert_Igor_Gretskiy_May_2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia. Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Nate Schenkkan; Isabel Linzer
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2021
Title:
Russia: Brutal Arrests and Torture, Ill-Treatment of Anti-War Protesters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 March 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/09/russia-brutal-arrests-and-torture-ill-treatment-anti-war-protesters
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
“We Had No Choice”: “Filtration” and the Crime of Forcibly Transferring Ukrainian Civilians to Russia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 September 2022
Author:
Belkis Wille; Tanya Lokshina
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/09/01/we-had-no-choice/filtration-and-crime-forcibly-transferring-ukrainian-civilians
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Russian Federation: Political protests and dissidence in the context of the Ukraine invasion
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
May 2022
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2073690/ACCORD-2022-05-Russian_Federation_Protesters_and_Dissidents.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Russian Federation: Treatment of protestors, journalists, and human rights defenders since the Ukraine invasion.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2022_06_Q20_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Russia_Treatment_of_protestors_journalists_human_rights_defenders_since_Ukraine_invasion.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Human rights situation in the territories of Ukraine temporarily controlled or occupied by the Russian Federation
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
24 May 2024
URL:
https://lifos.migrationsverket.se/dokument?documentAttachmentId=50466
Accessed Date:
12 March 2025
Title:
Treatment of Prisoners of War and Update on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine: 1 June to 31 August 2024
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Ukraine
Date of Document:
1 October 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ukraine/2024/Ukraine-OHCHR-40th-periodic-report.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, including the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
30 July 2024
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/79/258
Accessed Date:
13 March 2025
Title:
The Kremlin's Political Prisoners: Advancing a Political Agenda by Crushing Dissent
Source:
Perseus Strategies; Memorial Human Rights Centre
Date of Document:
May 2019
Author:
Jared Genser et al.
URL:
https://thinktank.4freerussia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/The-Kremlins-Political-Prisoners-May-2019-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 March 2020
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les principales forces politiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 May 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2105_rus_forces_politiques_125202_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Chechnya: Critics of the state. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
August 2022
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/russia-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-critics-of-the-state-chechnya-august-2022-accessible
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Country of Origin Information. The Russian Federation: Political Opposition.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
December 2022
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2022_12_EUAA_COI_Report_Russian_Federation_Political_opposition.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Ninth periodic report submitted by the Russian Federation under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2019
Date of Document:
8 January 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/RUS/9
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Justice or Complicity? LGBT Rights and the Russian Courts
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
September 2016
Author:
Dmitri Bartenev; Jade Glenister
URL:
http://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Justice%20or%20Complicity%20LGBT%20Rights%20and%20the%20Russian%20Courts_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 December 2016
Title:
Russia: Supreme Court Bans “LGBT Movement” as “Extremist”
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/30/russia-supreme-court-bans-lgbt-movement-extremist
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les assassinats et tentatives de meurtres visant les opposants Tchétchènes dans les pays européens depuis 2009
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 May 2020
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2005_rus_assassinats_tchetchenes_opposants_europe.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2021
Title:
Time of Troubles: The Russian underworld since the Ukraine invasion
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
December 2023
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Mark-Galeotti-Time-of-troubles-The-Russian-underworld-since-the-Ukraine-invasion-GI-TOC-November-2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Country of Origin Information. The Russian Federation: Military Service.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
December 2022
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2022_12_EUAA_COI_Report_Russian_Federation_Military_service.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Fédération de Russie : refus de servir dans la guerre contre l'Ukraine
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
29 September 2022
URL:
https://www.refugeecouncil.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Herkunftslaenderberichte/Europa/Russland/220929_RUS_refus_de_servir_2.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Fédération de Russie : L'accès à la santé dans les prisons russes : Notamment, les personnes atteintes par le VIH
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 July 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2107_rus_sante_vih_prison_153197_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia: No place for protest
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
12 August 2021
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/EUR4643282021ENGLISH-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Detention conditions of Crimean political prisoners: Overview of cases
Source:
Crimea SOS et al.
Author:
Mariya Kvitsinska et al.
URL:
https://krymsos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/detention-conditions-of-crimean-political-prisoners.-overview-of-cases.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia: Shameful Pride in Torture of Terrorism Suspects
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 March 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/29/russia-shameful-pride-torture-terrorism-suspects
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Russie/Ingouchie : menaces pesant sur les proches de personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme (persécution d'Etat, vendetta)
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
24 May 2018
URL:
https://www.refugeecouncil.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Herkunftslaenderberichte/Europa/Russland/180524-rus-inguschetienterrorverdaechtige-f.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2021
Title:
Russian Police are Torturing Anti-War Activists
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 October 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/20/russian-police-are-torturing-anti-war-activists
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Assessing the Wagner Group's Aborted Run on Moscow: What Comes Next?
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
29 June 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/russia-internal/assessing-wagner-groups-aborted-run-moscow-what-comes
Accessed Date:
28 March 2025
Title:
Preliminary observations of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions, Dr. Morris Tidball-Binz, at the conclusion of his visit to Ukraine (20-31 May 2024)
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
31 May 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/executions/sr-sumex/statements/20240531-eom-statement-visit-ukraine.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Media Freedom in Crimea
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
URL:
https://www.iphronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Crimea.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Russia: Sham presidential election amid total state capture of civic space
Date of Document:
7 March 2024
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/russia-sham-presidential-election-amid-total-state-capture-of-civic-space/
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia slows YouTube's playback speed, jeopardising right to information
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
9 September 2024
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/russia-slows-youtube-s-playback-speed-jeopardising-right-information
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Persecution of the anti-war movement report. May-September 2024.
Date of Document:
11 October 2024
URL:
https://en.ovdinfo.org/persecution-anti-war-movement-report-may-september-2024#1
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russia: “You Will Be Arrested Anyway”: Reprisals Against Monitors and Media Workers Reporting from Protests
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 November 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/EUR4661822022ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Challenges to Freedom of Conscience in Russia in 2023
Source:
SOVA Center for Information and Analysis
Date of Document:
25 March 2024
URL:
https://www.sova-center.ru/en/religion/publications/2024/03/d47072/
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russia: Muslims. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2022
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/russia-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-muslims-russia-november-2022-accessible
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report: Russian Federation. The Situation for Chechens in Russia.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
August 2018
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/Chechens_in_RF.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 January 2019
Title:
OSCE Rapporteur's Report under the Moscow Mechanism on alleged Human Rights Violations and Impunity in the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation
Code:
ODIHR.GAL/76/18/Corr.1
Source:
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
21 December 2018
URL:
https://www.osce.org/odihr/407402?download=true
Accessed Date:
25 January 2019
Title:
Combined twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth periodic reports submitted by the Russian Federation under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2020
Date of Document:
3 July 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CERD/C/RUS/25-26
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Fifth Report submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Date of Document:
13 April 2021
URL:
https://rm.coe.int/5th-sr-russian-federation-en/1680a2234b
Accessed Date:
28 March 2022
Title:
Fédération de Russie : La situation des Ukrainiens en Russie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 December 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2212_rus_russes_d__039_origine_ukrainienne_157125_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2024
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/russia
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
Title:
Fédération de Russie : Les mouvements indépendantistes, nationalistes et de défense du peuple kalmouk : En particulier, le Congrès du peuple Oirat-Kalmouk
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 September 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2209_rus_independantisme_kalmoukie_155326_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Russia: UN experts condemn brazen terrorist attacks in Dagestan
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
27 June 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/06/russia-un-experts-condemn-brazen-terrorist-attacks-dagestan
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Fédération de Russie/Moldavie/Géorgie : Citoyenneté russe et obligations militaires en Transnistrie, Abkhazie et Ossétie du Sud
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2403_passeports_russes_transnistrie_abkhazie_ossetie_160773_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova. Torture in the Russian Federation: a tool for repression at home and aggression abroad.
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
11 October 2024
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/79/508
Accessed Date:
25 March 2025
Title:
When 'russkiy mir' comes: War crimes and IHL violations committed by Russian armed forces in Hrakove and Zaliznychne
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 November 2023
URL:
https://iphronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/hrakove-report-final-17.11.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Putin's Henchmen: The Russian National Guard in the Invasion of Ukraine
Source:
International Centre for Defence and Security
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
URL:
https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2024/03/ICDS_Analysis_Putin%C2%B4s_Henchmen_Lorenzo_Crippa_March_2024.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 March 2025
Title:
Russia : Inclusion of indigenous peoples' and national minorities' rights organisations in the list of “extremist organisations”
Source:
The Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders; Anti-Discrimination Centre Memorial
Date of Document:
25 July 2024
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/russia/russia-inclusion-of-indigenous-peoples-and-national-minorities-rights
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Russian Federation: Discrimination related to ethnicity, migration status and citizenship. Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 44th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Fourth Cycle, November 2023).
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion et al.
Date of Document:
31 March 2023
URL:
https://files.institutesi.org/UPR44_Russia.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Ten Years of Occupation by the Russian Federation: Human Rights in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol, Ukraine
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
28 February 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ukraine/2024-02-28-OHCHR-Ten-Years-Occupation-Crimea.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
The Russian Federation: Country Focus. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
December 2025
URL:
https://www.euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2025-12/2025_12_EUAA_COI_Report_Russia_Country_Focus.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
The ECHR holds Russia accountable for widespread abuses of human rights arising from the conflict in Ukraine since 2014, including the downing of flight MH17
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
9 July 2025
URL:
https://www.coe.int/en/web/kyiv/-/the-echr-holds-russia-accountable-for-widespread-abuses-of-human-rights-arising-from-the-conflict-in-ukraine-since-2014-including-the-downing-of-flight-mh17
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Factsheet Russie
Source:
Organisation Suisse d'Aide aux Réfugiés
Date of Document:
April 2025
URL:
https://www.osar.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Factsheets/250410_RUS_Factsheet_FR_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Briefing. EU sanctions against Russia 2025: State of play, perspectives and challenges
Source:
European Parliament
Date of Document:
February 2025
URL:
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/767243/EPRS_BRI(2025)767243_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 March 2026
Source:
Global Conflict Tracker. Council on Foreign Relations.
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
URL:
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ukraine
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russian Military Performance and Outlook. In focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
4 February 2026
URL:
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF12606
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
A short history of hate. How Russia's pro-government media learned to target ‘internal enemies'
Source:
Novaya Gazette Europe
Date of Document:
4 February 2026
URL:
https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2026/02/04/a-short-history-of-hate-en
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Russia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/russia
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Russian Federation: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
15 September 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/60/59
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Is Civil Society Still Alive in Russia?
Source:
Stockholm Centre for Eastern European Studies
Date of Document:
20 September 2024
Author:
Stefan Ingvarsson; Ekaterina Kalinina
URL:
https://www.ui.se/globalassets/ui.se-eng/publications/sceeus/2024-publications/civil-society-in-russia.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Thematic Country of Origin Information Report on the Russian Federation: Military service; LGBTIQ+; critics and opponents
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
14 February 2025
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2125040/netherlands-mfa-coi-report-russian-federation-february-2025.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
COI Query Response. Russia: Security situation in Belgorod City and Belgorod Oblast.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
4 November 2025
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_11_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Q40_Russian_Federation_Security_Situation_in_Belgorod_City_and_Belgorod_Oblast.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Treatment of civilians deprived of their liberty in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation against Ukraine
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
23 September 2025
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/ukraine/2025/2025-09-23-armed-attack-treatment-civilians-liberty-context-ukraine.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
“Foreign agents” banned from accessing passive income in Russia
Source:
International Press Institute
Date of Document:
28 December 2024
URL:
https://ipi.media/alerts/foreign-agents-banned-from-accessing-passive-income-in-russia/
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Expanded Foreign Agents Law Adopted in the Russian Federation
Source:
Safety of Journalists Platform. Council of Europe.
Date of Document:
29 July 2025
URL:
https://fom.coe.int/en/alerte/detail/107642556
Accessed Date:
17 March 2026
Title:
Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine: 1 December 2024 – 31 May 2025
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Ukraine
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
URL:
https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/2025-06-30%20OHCHR%2042nd%20periodic%20report%20on%20Ukraine_2.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, including the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
28 May 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/59/67
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's state-backed WeChat copy launches digital ID
Date of Document:
25 September 2025
URL:
https://www.biometricupdate.com/202509/russias-state-backed-wechat-copy-launches-digital-id
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Statement of the Golos movement on the results of the regional elections of 6-8 September 2024
Source:
Russian Election Monitor
Date of Document:
September 2024
URL:
https://www.russian-election-monitor.org/statement-of-the-golos-movement-on-the-results-of-the-regional-elections-of-6-8-september-2024.html
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Authorities step up criminal reprisals against anti-war Yabloko party
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
5 December 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/russia-authorities-step-up-criminal-reprisals-against-anti-war-yabloko-party/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
These Women Fled Abuse in Russia's North Caucasus. Then They Were Found Dead.
Date of Document:
22 December 2025
URL:
https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/12/22/these-women-fled-abuse-in-russias-north-caucasus-then-they-were-found-dead-a91454
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Joint Submission to the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls' call for inputs on the report, “surrogacy and violence against women”
Source:
Global Justice Center
Date of Document:
April 2025
URL:
https://www.globaljusticecenter.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SRVAWG-Surrogacy-Joint-Submission.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Russia: Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/russia-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-and-expression-june-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Rising Toll of LGBT ‘Extremism' Designation
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/06/30/russia-rising-toll-of-lgbt-extremism-designation
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Ukraine / Russie : Les sourds-muets, victimes de réseaux criminels
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 January 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2501_ukr_rus_sourds_muets_163326_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Over 20,000 Russians prosecuted for refusing to fight in Ukraine. Russia sees a wave of military refusal, with Ukraine not far behind
Date of Document:
26 June 2025
URL:
https://en.zona.media/article/2025/06/26/awol
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Street musicians jailed for a third time over anti-war songs
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 November 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/11/russia-street-musicians-jailed-for-a-third-time-over-anti-war-songs/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia/Azerbaijan: Authorities must investigate alleged abuses against detainees amid tit for tat policing operations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 July 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/russia-azerbaijan-authorities-must-investigate-alleged-abuses-against-detainees-amid-tit-for-tat-policing-operations/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's Systematic Torture of Ukrainian POWs
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 December 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/12/11/russias-systematic-torture-of-ukrainian-pows
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Withdrawal from the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture Puts Detainees at Grave Risk
Source:
SOS-Torture Network. World Organisation Against Torture.
Date of Document:
17 October 2025
URL:
https://www.omct.org/en/resources/statements/russia-withdrawal-from-the-european-convention-for-the-prevention-of-torture-puts-detainees-at-grave-risk
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Morris Tidball-Binz, on his visit to Ukraine
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 April 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/59/54/Add.1
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Ten years of Russian occupation in Crimea: a decade of repression of local independent journalism
Source:
Reporters without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/ten-years-russian-occupation-crimea-decade-repression-local-independent-journalism
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Prominent human rights defenders targeted under “undesirable organizations” legislation
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 December 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/12/russia-prominent-human-rights-defenders-targeted-under-undesirable-organizations-legislation/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Foreign Tech Companies Cave to Authorities' Pressure
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/12/17/russia-foreign-tech-companies-cave-authorities-pressure
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation, Mariana Katzarova. Rule of fear: silencing dissent and anti-war expression in the Russian Federation in the name of national security
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
16 September 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/80/382
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Disrupted, Throttled, and Blocked: State Censorship, Control, and Increasing Isolation of Internet Users in Russia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 July 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2025/07/30/disrupted-throttled-and-blocked/state-censorship-control-and-increasing-isolation
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia – The NGO Reporters sans frontières (RSF) declared an “undesirable organization” (August 18, 2025)
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/israel-palestine/news/2025/article/russia-the-ngo-reporters-sans-frontieres-rsf-declared-an-undesirable
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia passes law punishing searches for 'extremist' content
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
URL:
https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-passes-law-punishing-searches-extremist-content-2025-07-22/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia: Digital Iron Curtain Falls on Internet Freedom Protection Day
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 March 2026
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/12/russia-digital-iron-curtain-falls-on-internet-freedom-protection-day
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Profile: Russia
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
24 October 2023
URL:
https://fot.humanists.international/countries/europe-eastern-europe/russia/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's Persecution of Religious Groups and FoRB Actors
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Author:
Dylan Schexnaydre
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/2025%20Russia%20Country%20Update%20FINAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia sentences Crimean Jehovah's Witness to six years 'for reading religious texts'
Source:
Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group
Date of Document:
11 September 2025
URL:
https://khpg.org/en/1608814987
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Anger In Russia Over Muslim Migrants Praying In Public
Source:
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Date of Document:
8 November 2025
Author:
Farangis Najibullah et al.
URL:
https://www.rferl.org/a/islam-prayers-muslim-migrants-russia-tajikistan-khabarovsk-religion-mosque/33583254.html
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Russia's exit from the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Edina Julianna Haiszky
URL:
https://danubeinstitute.hu/api/v1/companies/381/files/3972911/download
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
Title:
Get a Passport or Leave: Russia's Ultimatum to Ukrainians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/03/25/get-passport-or-leave-russias-ultimatum-ukrainians
Accessed Date:
18 March 2026
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