National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
27 February 2026
MEXICO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
23 October 2012
Title:
Mexico. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
30 December 2025
Accessed Date:
24 February 2026
Source:
Advantage Mexico. Accent Discount Travel.
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
Mexico. VII Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur on Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Rights (REDESCA) of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), 2024.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
13 March 2025
Accessed Date:
15 September 2025
Title:
Mexico Peace Index 2025: Identifying and Measuring the Factors that Drive Peace
Source:
Institute for Economics & Peace
Date of Document:
May 2025
Accessed Date:
15 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 January 2023
Accessed Date:
15 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
4 December 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
The right to health: Challenges for mixed migration flows in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Source:
Danish Refugee Council; Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Mexico: Political Overview and U.S. – Mexico Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
30 January 2025
Accessed Date:
15 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Présentation du Mexique
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
12 July 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
The socio-economic situation, including demographics, employment rates, economic sectors, and crime rates, particularly in Mexico City, Mérida, Puebla, Campeche, and Monterrey (2020–September 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 September 2023
Accessed Date:
27 September 2023
Title:
Mexico's Migration Control Efforts. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
10 September 2025
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke
Accessed Date:
23 September 2025
Title:
Rethinking Care and Support in Mexico in the National Development Plan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 March 2025
Author:
Carlos Ríos Espinosa
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Availability of health care and mental health services, including in Mérida, Mexico City, and Guadalajara; treatment of persons with mental illness by society and by the authorities; state protection, including recourse and complaints ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2022
Accessed Date:
26 September 2022
Title:
Mexico. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. World Report 2026: Events of 2025.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
February 2026
Accessed Date:
19 February 2026
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Mexico
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/MEX/1
Date of Document:
14 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Mexico: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/MEX/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Summary of stakeholders' submissions on Mexico
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/MEX/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Militarized Transformation: Human Rights and Democratic Controls in a Context of Increasing Militarization in Mexico
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
6 September 2023
Author:
Stephanie Brewer; Ana Lucia Verduzco
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Mexico. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Backing Security Reform as U.S. Pressure Mounts
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico. Chapter V: Follow-up of recommendations in Country or Thematic Reports. Annual Report 2024.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
26 March 2025
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Army used Pegasus to spy on human rights defender Raymundo Ramos
Date of Document:
7 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 September 2023
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by Mexico under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant, due in 2023
Date of Document:
17 October 2023
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico. Chapter IV.A: Situation of Human Rights in the Region. Annual Report 2024.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
8 May 2025
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
Crimes Against Humanity: Decades of Violence and Abuse in Mexican Institutions for Children and Adults with Disabilities
Source:
Disability Rights International
Date of Document:
26 October 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Report on the Situation of Environmental Human Rights Defenders, Persons and Communities, in Mexico 2024
Source:
Mexican Center for Environmental Law
Date of Document:
June 2025
Author:
Oriana Guadalupe Flores Castro et al.
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Curbing Violence in Latin America's Drug Trafficking Hotspots
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
11 March 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Mexico
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
July 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Mexico. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
18 May 2024
Title:
Mexico: Human Rights Watch Submission to the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 February 2022
Author:
Carlos Ríos Espinosa
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Mexico: Rushing Headfirst into an Abyss of Human Rights?: Amnesty International submission to the 45th session of the UPR Working Group, January-February 2024
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 July 2023
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Title One: Chapters II, III and IV. Mexico's Constitution of 1917 with Amendments through 2015.
Source:
Mexico; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
27 September 2023
Title:
Constitutional reform in Mexico: no limits to ius sanguinis
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
4 March 2021
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Mexico
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
August 2015
Accessed Date:
1 August 2017
Title:
Mexico. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
24 February 2026
Title:
Voter identification card (credencial para votar); whether a cardholder must make notification of a change of address; whether it can be used as an identification document; whether the card is punched in some manner once a person has voted; ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2014
Accessed Date:
28 August 2014
Title:
Whether a third party can access personal information included in government databases, including home address, through the Unique Population Registration Code (Clave Única de Registro de Población, CURP) or driver's license; protection of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 July 2018
Accessed Date:
23 August 2018
Title:
Eligibility, requirements, and procedures to obtain permanent residence; rights and obligations of permanent residents; conditions under which permanent residence is cancelled (2020–August 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 September 2022
Accessed Date:
27 September 2022
Title:
Mexico and Venezuela: Residence status of Venezuelan refugees and transiting migrants in Mexico, including requirements and procedures to apply for residence status; rights and obligations associated with residence status; documents issued (2016-May 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2018
Accessed Date:
27 August 2019
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining temporary resident status; frequency with which temporary resident status must be renewed and procedures for renewing it; rights and obligations of temporary residents; requirements and procedures ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 December 2018
Accessed Date:
21 August 2019
Title:
Update of MEX106345 of 26 July 2019 on the circumstances under which a person would lose their refugee status in Mexico, including whether leaving the country and applying for refugee status abroad results in automatic loss; circumstances under ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 August 2019
Accessed Date:
27 August 2019
Title:
Update of MEX106346 of 9 August 2019 on the requirements and procedures to obtain a copy of an asylum record, including from outside the country; processing time for requests; circumstances under which an individual would not be able to obtain ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 August 2019
Accessed Date:
29 August 2019
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Mexico's Extreme Election Violence Explained
Date of Document:
4 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
United Mexican States. Election for President of 2 July 2024.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2025
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Mexico: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
23 September 2025
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Mexico: Chamber of Deputies.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
23 September 2025
Title:
Five key takeaways from the 2024 elections in Mexico
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Date of Document:
2 July 2024
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
First report of political violence. Crime intervention risk map for local elections, 2024.
Source:
Integralia Consultores
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico 2024 Final Report: General Elections 2 June 2024
Source:
European Union Election Observation Mission
Date of Document:
2 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Political Violence in Mexico's 2024. Gender-Based Political Violence Against Women.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Political Violence in Mexico's 2024 Elections Past and Future
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence
Accessed Date:
17 August 2015
Title:
Mexico: Disappearing again: Violence and impacts experienced by women searchers in Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 July 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico: Domestic Violence. COI Compilation.
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
1 August 2017
Title:
Tenth periodic report submitted by Mexico under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2024
Date of Document:
8 November 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined sixth and seventh reports of Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
8 October 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
State of Mexico Congress Votes to Decriminalize Abortion
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 November 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Situation of single women, including single older women and women who head their own households, and their treatment by society and authorities; ability to live on their own and access to housing, employment, health and support services, particularl...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 September 2024
Accessed Date:
25 September 2024
Title:
“I Don't Want to Disappear”: How Mexico's Criminal Violence Reshapes Women's Lives
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 April 2023
Author:
Angélica Ospina-Escobar
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
Child custody rights, including legislation; whether a parent may relocate with a child without notifying the other parent, including in situations involving domestic violence and whether this is affected by protection or restraining orders...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 April 2022
Accessed Date:
28 April 2022
Title:
Gender-based violence (GBV), including domestic violence; treatment of domestic violence survivors by society and authorities; ability of survivors to relocate to another region of the country, particularly in Mexico City and Mérida, and access housing, employment, education, and health services; legislation, state protection, and support services available (2022–July 2024)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 September 2024
Accessed Date:
25 September 2024
Title:
Mexico Gender Assessment
Date of Document:
11 April 2019
Author:
Gabriela Inchauste et al.
Accessed Date:
7 August 2019
Title:
Surviving Death: Police and Military Torture of Women in Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 June 2016
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Submission to the CRPD Committee, 26th session, for the Review of Mexico
Source:
Mexicanas con Discapacidad; Women Enabled International
Date of Document:
14 February 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Navigating Obstacles: Abortion Access in the State of Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
13 August 2024
Author:
Cristina Quijano Carrasco
Accessed Date:
23 September 2024
Title:
Mexican statistics with gender perspective.
Source:
National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico
Date of Document:
20 March 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico's Rising Femicides Linked to Organized Crime
Date of Document:
11 July 2023
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Information for the preparation of the List of Issues in the framework of the 10th review period of Mexico before the Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
Source:
Equality Now et al.
Date of Document:
11 September 2023
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Violence against women in Mexico
Source:
Vision of Humanity
Date of Document:
13 May 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Disappearances of women and gender-based violence in Guerrero: The invisible side of the war on drugs
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
September 2023
Author:
Cristina Quijano Carrasco
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Women whose past partners are involved in criminal activities and implications for their safety (2019–August 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2021
Accessed Date:
17 September 2021
Title:
Indigenous Women: The Invisible Victims of Femicide in Mexico
Source:
Harvard International Review
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
Justice on Trial: Failures in criminal investigations of feminicides preceded by disappearance in the state of Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Accessed Date:
28 September 2021
Title:
Analyzing the Problem of Femicide in Mexico: The Role of Special Prosecutors in Combatting Violence Against Women
Source:
Justice in Mexico; Mexico Institute
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Teagan D. McGinnis et al.
Accessed Date:
16 February 2024
Title:
Mexique : Perception sociale des femmes, fréquence des mauvais traitements liés au genre et attitude des autorités
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 May 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Disappearances of Women and Girls in Mexico: Omission of the State.
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
March 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI). COI Compilation.
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
1 August 2017
Title:
Joint submission presented by the organization Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana, AC and the Red Regional Sin Violencia LGBTI on the situation of lethal violence and access to justice for lesbian and trans women in Mexico
Source:
Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana
Date of Document:
22 May 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Gender Recognition in Mexico by State
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
31 March 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Queer Refugee Hearings Program: Country of Origin Information Report: Mexico
Source:
Capital Rainbow Refuge
Date of Document:
April 2021
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Societal norms on gender identity expressions, including in indigenous communities (2016-May 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 May 2018
Accessed Date:
27 August 2018
Title:
Court Orders Guanajuato, Mexico to Recognize Trans Identities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 June 2024
Author:
Cristian González Cabrera
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
First Non-Binary Electoral Magistrate Killed in Mexico
Source:
University of San Diego. Justice in Mexico.
Date of Document:
15 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Mexique : Législation régissant le changement de genre et de prénom dans les documents d'état-civil des personnes trans
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 March 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
“I Just Want to Contribute to Society”. The Need for Legal Gender Recognition in Tabasco, Mexico.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 March 2024
Author:
Cristian González Cabrera; Luis Barrueto
Editor:
Yasemin Smallens et al.
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Nonbinary People in Mexico: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Sexual and Gender Diversity
Source:
University of California, Los Angeles. Williams Institute.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Author:
Miguel A. Fuentes Carreño
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee on Mexico's 10th Periodic Review Focusing on Violence and Discrimination Against LGBTTTIQA+ Communities
Date of Document:
18 May 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Mexico. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2025, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
7 June 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Mexico: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Transnational Organized Crime in Mexico and the Government's Response
Source:
Jack D. Gordon Institute for Public Policy
Date of Document:
29 April 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Results and Trends. Organised Crime and Institutional Deterioration in Mexico.
Source:
Vision of Humanity
Date of Document:
13 May 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
3 Takeaways From the Return of the Familia Michoacana
Date of Document:
6 January 2023
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, CJNG) its activities, areas of operation, and influence; ability of the CJNG to track and retaliate against people who move to other areas of Mexico; the profiles of people they would be motivated to track and target (2021–August 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 August 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Mexico Drone Attacks Spike After CJNG, Familia Michoacana Alliance
Date of Document:
22 May 2023
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
The Story of Mexico's Multibillion-Dollar Fuel Theft Crisis
Date of Document:
8 September 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico: 2021 Special Report
Source:
University of San Diego. Justice in Mexico.
Date of Document:
October 2021
Editor:
Laura Y. Calderón et al.
Accessed Date:
29 October 2021
Title:
KRE in Mexico. KRE Global Monitor. December 2016 – March 2017.
Source:
Liberty Speciality Markets; red24
Date of Document:
24 March 2017
Accessed Date:
2 August 2017
Title:
The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG)
Source:
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
14 April 2023
Author:
Sandra Pellegrini; María Fernanda Arocha
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
The Flow of Precursor Chemicals for Synthetic Drug Production in Mexico
Date of Document:
May 2023
Author:
Steven Dudley et al.
Editor:
Chris Dalby; Henry Shuldiner
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Mexico. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2025, Volume II: Money Laundering.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Drug cartels, including the Sinaloa Cartel, Jalisco New Generation Cartel(Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, CJNG), Los Zetas,the Gulf Cartel(Cártel del Golfo), La Familia Michoacana;their activities and areas of operation, as well as their ability and motivation to track individuals within Mexico (2024−August 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 August 2025
Accessed Date:
24 September 2025
Title:
Mexico's Drug Cartels Are Not Competitors to the State
Date of Document:
8 May 2024
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Tracking and Analyzing Narco Messages to Better Understand the Criminal Landscape in Mexico
Date of Document:
30 April 2021
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Crime situation, including organized crime; major criminal groups and cartels active in the country, their areas of control and influence, and alliances between them; ability and motivation of criminal groups to track and target individuals who relocat...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 September 2024
Accessed Date:
25 September 2024
Title:
Criminal Violence Paralyzes Mexico's Southern State of Guerrero
Date of Document:
13 February 2024
Author:
Sara Garcia; Daniela Valle
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Whether 'death threats' are specifically mentioned in the Federal Criminal Code (Código Penal Federal, CPF) and/or state criminal codes; if so, punishment specified
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 January 2010
Accessed Date:
23 October 2012
Title:
La Unión Tepito Inner Workings Revealed in Mexico City Raid
Date of Document:
31 October 2019
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
The Expansion and Diversification of Mexican Cartels: Dynamic New Actors and Markets. The Armed Conflict Survey 2024.
Source:
International Institute for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Date of Document:
13 February 2018
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
Is Mexico's CJNG Pushing the Gulf Cartel from Tamaulipas?
Date of Document:
17 May 2023
Author:
Parker Asmann; Steven Dudley
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Date of Document:
5 May 2020
Accessed Date:
28 September 2023
Date of Document:
19 January 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
The Infomex platform [or National Transparency Platform (Plataforma Nacional de Transparencia)], including the information it contains, its origin and reliability (2014–December 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 January 2021
Accessed Date:
14 April 2021
Title:
The Next Generation of Criminal Groups Driving Violence in Mexico
Date of Document:
12 August 2021
Author:
Victoria Dittmar et al.
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
How Drug Cartels Moved into Illegal Logging in Mexico. Timber Mafias - Preying on Latin America's Forests.
Date of Document:
18 September 2020
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Mexico Ablaze as Jalisco Cartel Seeks Criminal Hegemony
Date of Document:
5 January 2022
Author:
Sugeyry Romina Gándara
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Sonora, Mexico Under Siege Amid Sinaloa Cartel Battle Over Migrant Smuggling
Date of Document:
22 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
The Los Zetas Cartel (Cártel de Los Zetas), its activities, areas of operation and influence; the ability and motivation of the Los Zetas to track and retaliate against people who move to other areas of Mexico, including Mérida, Campeche, Mexico City...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 March 2022
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Water Scarcity Is a Boom For Mexican Organized Crime
Date of Document:
2 May 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Date of Document:
19 May 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Date of Document:
25 May 2021
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Date of Document:
20 August 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Date of Document:
19 May 2025
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Date of Document:
13 November 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Date of Document:
9 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Beltrán Leyva Organization
Date of Document:
6 October 2021
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Date of Document:
5 May 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Date of Document:
10 July 2020
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
The Horrors of Zacatecas Could Happen Anywhere in Mexico
Date of Document:
10 January 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
How Mexico's CJNG Controls Guadalajara's Expanding Drug Market
Date of Document:
19 July 2024
Author:
Peter Appleby et al.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Betrayals, In-Fighting, Mysteriously Vanished Leader - Is Jalisco Cartel on the Brink?
Date of Document:
25 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Indigenous Communities in Rural Mexico Get No Help Against Constant Criminal Threats
Date of Document:
13 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Police Killings Spike Amid Soaring Violence in Zacatecas, Mexico
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Cartel recruitment practices, including information on whether taxi, truck or other transportation drivers are particularly targeted for forced recruitment by the cartels; whether there are consequences for refusing to be recruited; ability of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 August 2022
Accessed Date:
21 September 2022
Title:
Mexique: Le Cartel de Santa Rosa de Lima ou gang « El Marro » dans la région de Guanajuato
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
29 July 2022
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Southern Mexico Extortion Suggests Migration of Central American Gangs
Date of Document:
30 January 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Matamoros, a Symptom of Mexico's Larger Illness
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Mexico. Global Organized Crime Index 2025.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
November 2025
Accessed Date:
19 February 2026
Title:
Profiles of individuals targeted and tracked by criminal organizations and cartels; tracking methods and motivations of criminal groups and cartels to track individuals (2021–August 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 September 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Mexico's Forgotten Mayors: The Role of Local Government in Fighting Crime. Latin America Report N°99.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
23 June 2023
Accessed Date:
28 September 2023
Title:
Mexico Groups Set to Capitalize on Acapulco Hurricane Destruction
Date of Document:
1 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Partners in Crime: The Rise of Women in Mexico's Illegal Groups. Latin America & Caribbean Report N°103.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
27 November 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Date of Document:
30 August 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Looking for the Missing in Mexico. The Faces of Conflict: A Visual Journey through Latin America.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
31 May 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
DataInSights: Why Are There More Women in Mexican Prisons for Organized Crime?
Date of Document:
13 May 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Lime Crisis in Mexico as Cartels Target Farmers
Date of Document:
28 January 2022
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Mexico: Country Conditions Bulletin
Source:
Stanford University. Migration and Asylum Lab.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Ana Minian et al.
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
‘The Discovery of the Torture Centre Exposed the State's Complicity with Organised Crime'
Date of Document:
9 April 2025
Author:
Anna Karolina Chimiak
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Mexico's new administration braces for shifting battle lines in the country's gang wars
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Killing Camp in Mexico Shows Horrors of CJNG Forced Recruitment
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Author:
Mariana Fernández
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Criminal Groups Are Ramping Up Explosives in Mexico
Date of Document:
3 February 2025
Author:
Victoria Dittmar; Mariana Fernández
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Mexico.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
15 April 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
How the Sinaloa Cartel rift is redrawing Mexico's criminal map
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
7 May 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Murders May Be Dropping But the Cost of Crime Is Rising in Mexico
Date of Document:
28 May 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
How Much Control Do Mexican Criminal Groups Really Have in the US?
Date of Document:
27 May 2025
Author:
Victoria Dittmar; Natalia Hidalgo
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
The Mara Salvatrucha 13 (MS-13) criminal group, particularly in Chiapas and Mexico City, including group structure, activities, targets, areas of influence and operation, and alliances within and outside the country; state response, includin...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2025
Accessed Date:
23 September 2025
Title:
What's Next for Mexico's CJNG After the Killing of ‘El Mencho'?
Date of Document:
23 February 2026
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
Title:
CJNG Violence After the Killing of ‘El Mencho': Power Play or Last Gasp?
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
Title:
5 CJNG Hotspots to Watch After El Mencho's Killing in Mexico
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
Author:
Liza Schmidt et al.
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Five Years On, What's Still Missing from Mexico's National Anti-Corruption System?
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
15 April 2020
Author:
Gina Hinojosa; Maureen Meyer
Accessed Date:
24 September 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
24 July 2019
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
Mexico publishes judicial reform decree: Key changes
Date of Document:
16 September 2024
Author:
Guillermo Aguayo et al.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the additional information submitted by Mexico under article 29 (4) of the Convention
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Enforced Disappearances.
Date of Document:
12 October 2023
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Corruption that Kills: Why Mexico Needs an International Mechanism to Combat Impunity
Source:
Open Society Foundations. Open Society Justice Initiative.
Date of Document:
1 May 2018
Accessed Date:
27 August 2018
Title:
Procedures to initiate a criminal complaint or investigation, including whether a complaint may be registered over the phone and on the internet, particularly in Mexico City, Nuevo León, Jalisco and Veracruz (2017-August 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 August 2019
Accessed Date:
30 August 2019
Title:
State of Privacy in Mexico
Source:
Privacy International; Red en Defensa de los Derechos Digitales
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
9 August 2019
Title:
Access to a lawyer during the first hours of custody in Mexico: A Situation Analysis
Source:
Association for the Prevention of Torture
Date of Document:
1 April 2019
Author:
Samahanta Paredón
Accessed Date:
9 August 2019
Title:
Mexico: Constitutional amendment introduces popular elections for judicial positions
Date of Document:
17 September 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico's National Anti-Corruption System: A Historic Opportunity in the Fight against Corruption
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
May 2018
Author:
Maureen Meyer; Gina Hinojosa
Accessed Date:
27 August 2018
Title:
No Checks on Power? The Effects of Mexico's Judicial Reform on Foreign Investment and the USMCA
Source:
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Date of Document:
9 July 2025
Author:
Ryan C. Berg; Natalia Hidalgo
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico's judicial elections consolidate ruling party power
Date of Document:
23 June 2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Forced Confessions: Tracking Torture and Mistreatment in Mexico's Accusatorial Criminal Justice System
Source:
University of San Diego. Justice in Mexico.
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
21 February 2020
Title:
Researching Mexican Law and Mexican Legal System
Date of Document:
December 2019
Author:
Francisco A. Avalos; Elisa Donnadieu
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Information received from Mexico on follow-up to the concluding observations on its seventh periodic report
Date of Document:
28 July 2020
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention on its visit to Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
16 July 2024
Accessed Date:
23 September 2024
Title:
Mexico: A Closer Look at State Anti-Corruption Prosecutors
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
March 2021
Author:
Stephanie Brewer; Moses Ngong
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Access to databases of personal information by police or a third party, including who has access; recent data breaches; use of spyware; state's response (2017–July 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 September 2021
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
A Travesty of Justice for Indigenous People in Mexico's Prisons
Source:
Open Society Foundations
Date of Document:
18 March 2021
Author:
Tomas Lopez Sarabia
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Eighth periodic report submitted by Mexico under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the simplified reporting procedure, due in 2023
Date of Document:
7 November 2023
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Mexico: Criminal Structure Within the Public Prosecutor's Office of the State of Nayarit and Crimes Against Humanity
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Mexico. The Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Review, Tenth Edition.
Source:
Law Business Research Ltd
Date of Document:
November 2021
Author:
Jonathan Edward Adams; Milka López
Editor:
Mark F Mendelsohn
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances on its visit to Mexico under article 33 of the Convention
Code:
CED/C/MEX/VR/1 (Findings)
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Enforced Disappearances
Date of Document:
18 May 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Mexico: Electoral Process Undermines Judicial Independence
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 September 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Double Injustice: How Mexico's Criminal Justice System Fails Victims and the Accused in Homicide Investigations
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
19 February 2025
Editor:
Juanita Goebertus et al.
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
False Suspicions: Arbitrary Detentions by Police in Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
13 July 2017
Accessed Date:
25 August 2017
Title:
Corruption within military and police units, including ties with organized crime groups; state and military response to corruption, including effectiveness; state protection for victims and witnesses of corruption, including complaint mechanisms ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 November 2024
Accessed Date:
18 February 2025
Title:
Violence against police in Mexico
Source:
Vision of Humanity
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Police reform and security strategies in Mexico in the context of the war on drugs and U.S. support for these efforts
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
Documents issued by the police, including police reports, criminal complaints, and temporary closure (archivo temporal) [also translated as temporary archive, temporary file, and temporary reserve]; appearance and security features; procedures to obtain a copy; samples (2021–September 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 February 2024
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
The Generals' Labyrinth: Crime and the Military in Mexico. Latin America Report N°106.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
24 May 2024
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
The National Guard Reform: Enshrining Militarization in the Constitution
Date of Document:
5 September 2024
Author:
Sergio López Ayllón
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico. Freedom on the Net 2025.
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico's New President Inherits Grim Media Landscape
Source:
Institute for War & Peace Reporting
Date of Document:
9 July 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Fear, Lies and Lucre: How Criminal Groups Weaponise Social Media in Mexico. Latin America & Caribbean Report N°50.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
31 January 2024
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Mexico. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Author:
Vladimir Cortés Roshdestvensky
Editor:
Amelia Larson et al.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2024. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Code:
OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 50
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
3 March 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Journalism still deadly in Mexico
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
28 March 2024
Author:
Siria Gastelum Felix
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
‘No one guarantees my safety': The urgent need to strengthen Mexico's federal policies for the protection of journalists
Source:
Amnesty International; Committee to Protect Journalists
Date of Document:
6 March 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
23 September 2024
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Treatment of Tzeltal people in Chiapas by society and authorities, including displacement of members or supporters of the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN); situation in Tenejapa in 2011 and presently (2015-September 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 September 2017
Accessed Date:
27 August 2018
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples on her visit to Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
28 June 2018
Accessed Date:
9 August 2019
Title:
Mexico. The Indigenous World 2025.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2025
Author:
Carolina Sánchez García; Juan Mario Pérez Martínez
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Land and Freedom? Criminalization of Defenders of the Land, Territory and Environment
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
28 September 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Militarization and rights of indigenous peoples in Chiapas
Source:
Swedish Fellowship of Reconciliation
Date of Document:
10 June 2022
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Combined twenty-second to twenty-fourth periodic reports submitted by Mexico under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2022
Date of Document:
8 June 2022
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
Mexico. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
December 2025
Accessed Date:
19 February 2026
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined twenty-second to twenty-fourth periodic reports of Mexico
Code:
CERD/C/MEX/CO/22-24
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
25 June 2024
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
Situation and treatment of Indigenous persons by society and by the authorities; state protection and support services available; situation of Indigenous persons living in cities, particularly in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 September 2020
Accessed Date:
25 September 2020
Title:
Infographic: Afrodescendants in Mexico
Date of Document:
29 July 2022
Author:
Jazmin Aguilar Rangel
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
“There is a Target on Us” - The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on African Migrants at Mexico's Southern Border
Source:
Black Alliance for Just Immigration
Date of Document:
January 2021
Author:
S. Priya Morley et al.
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
Reckoning with racism against Black migrants in Mexico
Source:
Open Global Rights
Date of Document:
16 February 2021
Accessed Date:
20 September 2022
Title:
U.S. Border and Asylum Policies Harm Black Asylum Seekers
Source:
Human Rights First
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Immigration Law (amended 2024)
Date of Document:
25 May 2011
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Circumstances under which victims of domestic violence and gang violence are granted protection; protection offered to claimants who do not meet Refugee Convention grounds, but instead claim a risk to their life or a risk of torture, or cruel and unusual treatment (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2018
Accessed Date:
13 March 2019
Title:
The Biden Administration's Final Rule on Arriving Aliens Seeking Asylum
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
Title:
Deaths in Ciudad Juárez Detention Centre Reveal the Brutality of Immigration Control in Mexico
Source:
Global Detention Project
Date of Document:
30 March 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
“We Couldn't Wait”: Digital Metering at the US-Mexico Border
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 May 2024
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
State of Chiapas (Mexico); States of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas (Mexico); States of Baja California and Sonora (Mexico). Risks and protection through the most dangerous zones along transit migration routes in Central America and Mexico.
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Author:
Jairo Aguilar et al.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Lives in Limbo: Devastating impacts of Trump's migration and asylum policies
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 February 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Cecilia Jiménez-Damary, on her visit to Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
27 June 2023
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Trapped, Preyed Upon, and Punished. One Year of the Biden Administrative Asylum Ban.
Source:
Human Rights First
Date of Document:
May 2024
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
Mexico: Anticipated impact of new US immigration policies on people on the move
Date of Document:
12 February 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Kidnapping of Migrants and Asylum Seekers at the Texas-Tamaulipas Border Reaches Intolerable Levels
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
4 April 2024
Author:
Ana Lucia Verduzco; Stephanie Brewer
Accessed Date:
17 September 2024
Title:
Protection Monitoring: Mexico. Snapshot January–March 2025.
Source:
Danish Refugee Council
Date of Document:
23 April 2025
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Asylum Seekers Face Abuses at Southern Border
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 June 2022
Accessed Date:
20 September 2022
Title:
Exit procedures at Mexican airports, including documentation required, and security checks performed prior to departure; whether access to a police computer network or database is available to security officials at international airports ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2022
Accessed Date:
21 September 2022
Title:
Arbitrary Detention of Mexican Citizens by Mexican Immigration Authorities
Source:
University of Oxford. Border Criminologies.
Author:
Amalia Campos-Delgado; Guillermo Yrizar Barbosa
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
U.S. Government Announces Sweeping New Actions to Manage Regional Migration
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
Accessed Date:
26 September 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 September 2025:
Title:
Mexico. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 September 2025
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
27 June 2025
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/mexico
Accessed Date:
15 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/mexico
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Report on the situation of individual and community environmental human rights defenders in Mexico, 2023
Source:
Mexican Center for Environmental Law
Date of Document:
March 2024
Author:
Oriana Guadalupe Flores Castro et al.
URL:
https://cemda.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/CEMDA_INFORME2023_ENGLISH_IMPRESION_FINAL_090424m-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Mexico. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Mexico.html
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
Mexico: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/mexico/
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Mexico. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/assets/downloads/2023/english/ocindex_profile_mexico_2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Mexico. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2020
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/country/mexico/
Accessed Date:
24 September 2020
Title:
Mexico Needs Comprehensive Strategies to Combat Violence against Journalists and Human Rights Defenders
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
13 May 2020
Author:
Gina Hinojosa; Maureen Meyer
URL:
https://www.wola.org/analysis/journalists-human-rights-defenders-mexico/
Accessed Date:
24 September 2020
Title:
“Better to Make Yourself Invisible”: Family Violence against People with Disabilities in Mexico
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 June 2020
Author:
Carlos Ríos-Espinosa
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/06/04/better-make-yourself-invisible/family-violence-against-people-disabilities-mexico
Accessed Date:
15 April 2021
Title:
Mexico Report: Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Author:
Wolfgang Muno; Jörg Faust
URL:
https://www.sgi-network.org/docs/2022/country/SGI2022_Mexico.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders on his mission to Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/37/51/Add.2
Accessed Date:
27 August 2018
Title:
Information received from Mexico on follow-up to the concluding observations on its sixth periodic report
Date of Document:
18 February 2022
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/CCPR/C/MEX/FCO/6
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined second and third periodic reports of Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Date of Document:
20 April 2022
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/CRPD/C/MEX/CO/2-3
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
The right to protest is under threat in Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 May 2022
Author:
Erika Guevara-Rosas; Edith Olivares Ferreto
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/05/right-to-protest-under-threat-mexico/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Politicians in the Crosshairs of Mexico's Criminal Wars: The Cases of Guanajuato, Guerrero and Michoacán
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
16 April 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/04/16/elections-under-capture-criminal-wars-and-the-targeting-of-political-figures-in-guanajuato-guerrero-and-michoacan/
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
State Officials Targeted as CJNG, Sinaloa Cartel Clash in Zacatecas, Mexico
Date of Document:
7 December 2022
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/zacatecas-cjng-sinaloa-cartel-battle-in-mexico/
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
Protect Women with Disabilities from Violence in Mexico
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 November 2023
Author:
Carlos Rios Espinosa
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/25/protect-women-disabilities-violence-mexico
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Public healthcare in northern Mexico is dodging federal rules on abortion
Date of Document:
2 November 2023
Author:
Dánae Vílchez; Verónica Martínez
URL:
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/mexico-abortion-legal-rules-regulations-supreme-court-chihuahua-nuevo-leon-sonora/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the tenth periodic report of Mexico
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
10 July 2025
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/10
Accessed Date:
17 September 2025
Title:
“Like I'm Drowning”: Children and Families Sent to Harm by the US ‘Remain in Mexico' Program
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 January 2021
Author:
Michael Garcia Bochenek
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/01/06/im-drowning/children-and-families-sent-harm-us-remain-mexico-program
Accessed Date:
15 April 2021
Title:
Mexican State Approves Six-Week Abortion Ban
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 August 2024
Author:
Cristina Quijano Carrasco; Stephanie Lustig
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/08/30/mexican-state-approves-six-week-abortion-ban
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Mexico: The Age of Women: Stigma and Violence Against Women Protesters
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/Amnesty-International_3.PDF
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
Treatment of individuals based on their sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) by society and authorities, including legislation; access to housing, employment, education, health care, and ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 April 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458571
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
Mexico's Safest State Is Seeing a Real Estate Boom
Date of Document:
10 May 2023
Author:
Juan Pablo Spinetto; Maya Averbuch
URL:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-10/how-did-yucatan-become-mexico-s-safest-state
Accessed Date:
13 September 2024
Title:
Organized Crime and Violence in Guanajuato
Source:
University of San Diego. Justice in Mexico.
Date of Document:
August 2020
Author:
Laura Y. Calderón
URL:
https://justiceinmexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Organized-Crime-and-Violence-in-Guanajuato.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 September 2021
Title:
Keeping Oil from the Fire: Tackling Mexico's Fuel Theft Racket. Latin America Briefing N°46.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
25 March 2022
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/mexico/b46-keeping-oil-fire-tackling-mexicos-fuel-theft-racket
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Violence within: Understanding the Use of Violent Practices Among Mexican Drug Traffickers
Source:
University of San Diego. Justice in Mexico.
Date of Document:
November 2019
URL:
https://justiceinmexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/GARCIA_Violence-Within.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
The Strategic Implications of the Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación
Source:
Journal of Strategic Security
URL:
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1661&context=jss
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
Mexico's Rule of Law Efforts: 11 Years After Criminal Justice Reforms. Challenges and Opportunities for the López Obrador Administration.
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
November 2019
Author:
Gina Hinojosa; Maureen Meyer
URL:
https://www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/JUSTICE-REFORMS-REPORT-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 February 2020
Title:
Prosecutorial Reform in Mexico: Assessing the Progress of the National Prosecutor's Office
Source:
Justice in Mexico
Date of Document:
16 March 2021
URL:
https://justiceinmexico.org/prosecutorial-reform-in-mexico-assessing-the-progress-of-the-national-prosecutors-office/
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
Violence Against Journalists in Mexico: In Brief
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
22 March 2022
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke et al.
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45199
Accessed Date:
26 April 2022
Title:
Mexico: Call for investigation as number of murdered journalists rises
Date of Document:
1 June 2022
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/mexico-murdered-journalists/
Accessed Date:
20 September 2022
Title:
The right to health: Challenges for mixed migration flows in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Source:
Danish Refugee Council; Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Health%20Ciudad%20Juarez%20-%20Mar%202022%20-%20ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2022
Title:
Availability of health care and mental health services, including in Mérida, Mexico City, and Guadalajara; treatment of persons with mental illness by society and by the authorities; state protection, including recourse and complaints ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2022
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458684
Accessed Date:
26 September 2022
Title:
Mexico. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/mexico
Accessed Date:
18 May 2024
Title:
Mexico: Rushing Headfirst into an Abyss of Human Rights?: Amnesty International submission to the 45th session of the UPR Working Group, January-February 2024
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 July 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr41/6992/2023/en/
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
State of Mexico Congress Votes to Decriminalize Abortion
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 November 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/28/state-mexico-congress-votes-decriminalize-abortion
Accessed Date:
12 February 2025
Title:
“I Don't Want to Disappear”: How Mexico's Criminal Violence Reshapes Women's Lives
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 April 2023
Author:
Angélica Ospina-Escobar
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/mexico/i-dont-want-disappear-how-mexicos-criminal-violence-reshapes-womens-lives
Accessed Date:
25 September 2023
Title:
Joint submission presented by the organization Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana, AC and the Red Regional Sin Violencia LGBTI on the situation of lethal violence and access to justice for lesbian and trans women in Mexico
Source:
Letra S, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana
Date of Document:
22 May 2025
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCEDAW%2FCSS%2FMEX%2F63197&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Tracking and Analyzing Narco Messages to Better Understand the Criminal Landscape in Mexico
Date of Document:
30 April 2021
URL:
https://www.borderlandbeat.com/2021/04/tracking-and-analyzing-narcomantas-to.html
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Mexico. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2024. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Code:
OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 50
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
3 March 2025
URL:
https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/reports/IA2024RELEEN.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 September 2025
Title:
Rethinking Care and Support in Mexico in the National Development Plan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 March 2025
Author:
Carlos Ríos Espinosa
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/03/04/rethinking-care-and-support-mexico-national-development-plan
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico: Backing Security Reform as U.S. Pressure Mounts
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/mexico/mexico-backing-security-reform-us-pressure-mounts
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Curbing Violence in Latin America's Drug Trafficking Hotspots
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
11 March 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/colombia-ecuador-guatemala-honduras-mexico/108-curbing-violence-latin-america-drug-trafficking-hotspots
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Five key takeaways from the 2024 elections in Mexico
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Date of Document:
2 July 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/report/five-key-takeaways-2024-elections-mexico
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
First report of political violence. Crime intervention risk map for local elections, 2024.
Source:
Integralia Consultores
Date of Document:
February 2024
URL:
https://integralia.com.mx/web/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Integralia_-First-political-violence-report-2024.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Political Violence in Mexico's 2024. Gender-Based Political Violence Against Women.
Date of Document:
March 2024
URL:
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/Gender-Based%20Political%20Violence%20Against%20Women.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Political Violence in Mexico's 2024 Elections Past and Future
URL:
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/Political%20Violence%20in%20Mexico%27s%202024%20Elections%20-%20Past%20and%20Future%20.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico: Disappearing again: Violence and impacts experienced by women searchers in Mexico
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 July 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr41/9374/2025/en/
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexican statistics with gender perspective.
Source:
National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico
Date of Document:
20 March 2025
URL:
https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/WP2%20Mex%20StatsGenderPersp_1.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Violence against women in Mexico
Source:
Vision of Humanity
Date of Document:
13 May 2025
URL:
https://www.visionofhumanity.org/violence-against-women-in-mexico/
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee on Mexico's 10th Periodic Review Focusing on Violence and Discrimination Against LGBTTTIQA+ Communities
Date of Document:
18 May 2025
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCEDAW%2FCSS%2FMEX%2F63208&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Transnational Organized Crime in Mexico and the Government's Response
Source:
Jack D. Gordon Institute for Public Policy
Date of Document:
29 April 2025
URL:
https://gordoninstitute.fiu.edu/news-events/the-policy-spotlight/2025/transnational-organized-crime-in-mexico-and-the-governments-response.html
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Results and Trends. Organised Crime and Institutional Deterioration in Mexico.
Source:
Vision of Humanity
Date of Document:
13 May 2025
URL:
https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/MPI-ENG-2025-web.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
The Story of Mexico's Multibillion-Dollar Fuel Theft Crisis
Date of Document:
8 September 2025
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/mexico-multibillion-dollar-fuel-theft-crisis/
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico's Drug Cartels Are Not Competitors to the State
Date of Document:
8 May 2024
URL:
https://brief.bismarckanalysis.com/p/mexicos-drug-cartels-are-not-competitors
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
What's Next for Mexico's CJNG After the Killing of ‘El Mencho'?
Date of Document:
23 February 2026
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/whats-next-for-mexicos-cjng-after-the-killing-of-el-mencho/
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
Title:
CJNG Violence After the Killing of ‘El Mencho': Power Play or Last Gasp?
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/cjng-violence-after-the-killing-of-el-mencho-power-play-or-last-gasp/
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
Title:
5 CJNG Hotspots to Watch After El Mencho's Killing in Mexico
Date of Document:
24 February 2026
Author:
Liza Schmidt et al.
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/five-cjng-hotspots-el-mencho-killing-mexico/
Accessed Date:
25 February 2026
Title:
No Checks on Power? The Effects of Mexico's Judicial Reform on Foreign Investment and the USMCA
Source:
Center for Strategic & International Studies
Date of Document:
9 July 2025
Author:
Ryan C. Berg; Natalia Hidalgo
URL:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/no-checks-power-effects-mexicos-judicial-reform-foreign-investment-and-usmca
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico's judicial elections consolidate ruling party power
Date of Document:
23 June 2025
URL:
https://lens.civicus.org/mexicos-judicial-elections-consolidate-ruling-party-power/
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Title:
Mexico. Freedom on the Net 2025.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/mexico/freedom-net/2025
Accessed Date:
4 February 2026
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.