National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
27 February 2026
CHAD
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Keeping Chad Stable as Sudan's Conflict Rages
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
1 September 2025
Accessed Date:
11 February 2026
Title:
Chad. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 January 2026
Accessed Date:
20 February 2026
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Chad: Opposition to the state. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Partie 1 : Besoins humanitaires. Tchad. Besoins humanitaires et plan de réponse.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2026
Accessed Date:
18 February 2026
Title:
Interagency Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Mission to Chad, January 2024
Source:
United Nations. Inter-Agency Standing Committee.
Date of Document:
20 May 2024
Accessed Date:
11 February 2026
Title:
Chad. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
23 December 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Forcibly displaced persons
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
7 January 2026
Accessed Date:
11 February 2026
Title:
“End of Military Agreements Between France and Chad: Factors and Stakes of a Breakup”
Source:
L'Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques
Date of Document:
3 December 2024
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : Point de situation sécuritaire d'avril 2022 à mars 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 May 2023
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Des résultats de Crise ! (Phase 3 ! de l'IPC) persistent à l'Est du Tchad
Source:
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Date of Document:
October 2025
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Chad
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
30 October 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by Chad under article 40 of the Covenant, due in 2018
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Tchad : Situation sécuritaire. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
12 July 2024
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Chad. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Jeudi Noir « Ils ont enlevé trois de mes fils » Rapport d'enquête sur la répression sanglante des manifestations du 20 octobre 2022 au Tchad
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture; Ligue tchadienne des droits de l'homme
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Tchad : La Convention Tchadienne pour la (ou « de ») Défense des Droits de l'Homme (CTDDH)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 November 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Constitutional Manipulation Consolidates Authoritarian Rule
Date of Document:
9 January 2026
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : Tourner la page de la torture pour écrire une nouvelle histoire
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture; Ligue tchadienne des droits de l'homme
Date of Document:
November 2022
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
National report submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/TCD/1
Date of Document:
10 November 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Chad
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/TCD/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 November 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/45/TCD/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 November 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Republic of Chad: Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 45th Session of the UPR Working Group
Source:
CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation; Réseau Des Défenseurs Droits Humains en Afrique Centrale (REDHAC)
Date of Document:
18 July 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad: CCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 143rd Session (03 Mar 2025 - 28 Mar 2025)
Source:
Committee for Justice
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Chad. World Report 2026: Events of 2025.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 January 2026
Accessed Date:
14 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Justice Needed for October Crackdown
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 January 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad: Hissène Habré's victims receive $16.5 million
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad presidential election: assassination of main opposition figure casts doubt on country's return to democracy
Date of Document:
18 March 2024
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Discussion on Justice for Past Crimes Blocked
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 October 2024
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Limiting the Impact of the War in Sudan on Ouaddaï. Briefing Afrique de Crisis Group N°202.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
14 November 2024
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
15 May 2024
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chad. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
20 February 2026
Title:
Décret n 211/PG.-INT. du 6 novembre 1963 portant application du code de la nationalité tchadienne
Accessed Date:
26 January 2024
Title:
Refugee attestations and refugee identity cards, their issuing authorities, uses and appearance, including in 2015 (2015–February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
29 January 2021
Title:
Snapshot of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems of Chad
Source:
Canada. Centre of Excellence for CRVS Systems.
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Permis de Conduire. Document: TCD-FO-01001.
Source:
European Council. Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Documents Online.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Requirements and procedure for obtaining a national identity card, a passport, a driver's licence and a vehicle registration (carte grise), both from within the country and from abroad; appearance and security features of these documents...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 January 2018
Accessed Date:
20 September 2018
Title:
Legislation on nationality, including the procedure to obtain nationality; whether dual nationality is recognized (2007-July 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2019
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
Title:
Ordonnance 33/PG.-INT. du 14 août 1962 code de la nationalité tchadienne
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Chad. Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Profiles.
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
December 2017
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad's Weaponization of Citizenship
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 October 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Chad: Transitional National Council.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
The Party for Freedom and Development (Parti pour les libertés et le développement, PLD), including its objectives, activities and membership cards; the disappearance of party leader Ibni Oumar Mahamat Saleh; the treatment of party members by authorities (2013-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2014
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Republic of Chad. Referendum of 17 December 2023.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
The Chadian Human Rights League (Ligue tchadienne des droits de l'homme, LTDH), including its structure, its objectives and activities; treatment of LTDH members by the authorities
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Treatment of revolutionary movement sympathizers by authorities along the border with Libya (2011-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
Treatment of people who oppose the government, including activists or suspected activists from opposition parties (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 September 2018
Accessed Date:
26 September 2018
Title:
The Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic (Cadre d'action populaire pour la solidarité et l'unité de la République, CAP-SUR) political party, including the treatment of its members by the authorities since ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2017
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Strike and demonstrations organized by teachers, including the demonstration of 25 January 2017 in N'Djamena; student participation in the strike and demonstrations; treatment of participants by the authorities (2016-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 December 2017
Accessed Date:
30 August 2018
Title:
National Union of Chadian Students (Union nationale des étudiants tchadiens, UNET), including the arrest of its leader in 2015; outcome of his trial; circumstances of his release; demonstrations organized by UNET; reaction of authorities to demonstrations (2015-April 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 April 2016
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
The National Union for Development and Renewal (Union nationale pour le développement et le renouveau, UNDR), including its composition, activities and regions of influence; the treatment of its members and sympathizers by authorities, including during the 2016 election campaign (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 February 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (Union des forces pour la démocratie et le développement, UFDD), including origins, structure, ideology and activities; treatment of UFDD members and their families by authorities; whether state agents harass or abduct UFDD members in Saudi Arabia or members of their families (2006-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 October 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Chad: Constitutional Change Threatens Rule of Law, Democracy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : Le Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le Salut de la République (CCMSR)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 September 2018
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Tchad : Chronologie non exhaustive des évènements politiques depuis 2008
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 April 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Le Rassemblement Patriotique du Renouveau (RPR)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 October 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Political Transition Ends with Déby's Election
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 May 2024
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Opposition Leader Arrested
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 May 2025
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Chad: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Prominent Opposition Leader Killed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 March 2024
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Tchad : Panorama des principaux partis politiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Republic of Chad. Election for Chadian Presidency of 6 May 2024.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Fifth periodic report submitted by Chad under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2015
Date of Document:
1 November 2023
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Forced marriage in Chad, particularly whether an educated woman can flee a forced marriage and the protection she is offered by the authorities and NGOs; whether an educated woman may live alone in N'Djamena and Moundou
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 September 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Custom of levirate, particularly the tradition among the Zakawa [Zagawa, Zaghawa, Zakhawa], including frequency and recourse available to victims; possibility of a woman living alone in major cities (2014-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 July 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Child custody rights when the father is deceased, including the mother's rights if she refuses levirate (2014-2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les mariages forcés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 April 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Date of Document:
July 2018
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
FGM/C in Chad: Short Report
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
15 February 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Chad
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
10 July 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Day of the African Child 2022: Harmful Practices in Chad from 2014 to 2022
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad study on opportunities for reparations for survivors of conflict-related sexual violence. Breaking the silence.
Date of Document:
March 2023
Author:
Lisa-Marie Rudi et al.
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Analyse rapide des rapports sociaux de sexe (ARRSS)
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
29 October 2025
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : les minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
6 November 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
26 January 2024
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Chad: Tier 3 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : Situation sécuritaire. Les groupes rebelles présents en Libye. Le conflit de Miski (Tibesti). La menace djihadiste dans la province du lac Tchad.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 March 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Live off the land and die for it: Human rights violations in conflicts between herders and farmers in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 November 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Chad. Global Organized Crime Index 2025.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
November 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Human Smuggling picks up amid Persisting Instability and the Sudan Conflict
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
September 2024
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Civil Society Report on the Implementation of Chapter II (Prevention) & Chapter V (Asset Recovery) of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption in Chad
Date of Document:
February 2024
Author:
Organisation Tchadienne Anti-Corruption; Alladoum Nadingar; Ramadane N'Doh
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
In the wake of the Sudan conflict, fuel and arms smuggling spike in Chad and the broader Sahel
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
August 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Chad. Treatment of former and current Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic (CCMSR) rebels/members.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
10 May 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, the registration process and length of service; whether conscripts receive a notice from a recruitment office (bureau de recrutement); grounds for exemption and the possibility of alternative ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 May 2018
Accessed Date:
30 August 2018
Title:
Les défis de l'armée tchadienne. Rapport Afrique N°298.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 January 2021
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Chad
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
7 December 2022
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
“Worse than Hell”: Death and Torture at Chad's Koro Toro Prison
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
August 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
An Introduction to the Legal System and Legal Research in Chad
Date of Document:
August 2025
Author:
Miarom Bégoto; Djimbaye Narcisse
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Amnesty Law Cheats Victims
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 December 2023
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Rapport de la FIACAT et de l'ACAT Tchad à l'occasion de l'examen du Tchad par le Comité contre la torture lors de sa 75ème session
Source:
Fédération internationale des Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture. ACAT Tchad.
Date of Document:
October 2022
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Tchad : L'Agence nationale de sécurité (ANS)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 May 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Security Force Abuse Amid National Dialogue
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 September 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Scores of Protesters Shot Dead, Wounded
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 October 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Killings by Security Forces in East
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 March 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Les forces de sécurité. La Direction Générale de Service de Sécurité des Institutions de l'État (DGSSIE) ; La Police nationale ; La Gendarmerie nationale ; La Garde Nationale et Nomade du Tchad (GNNT).
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Tchad/Libye : Activités du Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le Salut de la République (CCMSR) à Sebha en Libye de 2016 à juillet 2017
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 January 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Chad. World Press Freedom Index 2025.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad's Transition: Easing Tensions Online. Briefing N°183.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
13 December 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. Report on digital freedoms in French-speaking African countries.
Source:
Agence Française de Développement
Date of Document:
May 2023
Author:
Olivier Alais et al.
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
“I have been living in fear for a year”:RSF investigates the invisible surveillance of journalists in Chad
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
27 August 2025
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Chadian military police detain journalists Janvier Mouatangar and Anner Sabartang in separate incidents
Source:
Committee to Protect Journalists
Date of Document:
13 September 2022
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
Chad. International Religious Freedom Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Treatment of members of the Gorane ethnic group [also known as Goran, Daza, Toubou, Dazaga and Dazagada] by the authorities since the presidential elections of April 2016 (April-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 October 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
The Gorane and Zaghawa ethnic groups, including their history and relationship; treatment of Gorane women by Zaghawa men; whether a single woman can relocate from N'Djamena to another area of the country, including treatment by society ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
COI Query Response. Chad: Land disputes – ethnic discrimination and violence
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
6 February 2020
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
La Pratique de la diya au Tchad
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 September 2017
Accessed Date:
17 September 2018
Title:
Chad. The Indigenous World 2019.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2019
Author:
Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim
Editor:
David Nathaniel Berger
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Chad. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Through their Eyes: Experiences of Displaced Sudanese Women and Girls in Eastern Chad
Source:
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Date of Document:
March 2025
Author:
Amal Bourhrous et al.
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Tchad : Crise de déplacement au sud du pays
Source:
Government of Chad et al.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Protection Alert: A Forgotten Crisis in Chad's Lac Province
Source:
Global Protection Cluster
Date of Document:
2 July 2025
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Emergency situation in Chad: Update on arrivals from Sudan
Source:
UN Refugee Agency
Date of Document:
11 January 2026
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Rapport Projet AMANA WA SALAMA : Bureau Coordination de l'Est du Tchad, Abéché
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
27 November 2025
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Tchad: Note de monitoring de protection
Source:
Project 21. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
20 October 2025
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 28 February 2025:
Title:
Chad. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 February 2025
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/
Accessed Date:
14 February 2025
Title:
Présentation du Tchad
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
15 November 2024
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/tchad/presentation-du-tchad/
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
TCHAD: Population des personnes en déplacement forcé au Tchad (Déc 2024)
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
7 January 2025
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/113677
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Tchad - Perspectives sur la sécurité alimentaire : L'afflux continu des réfugiés soudanais maintient l'insécurité alimentaire aiguë de Crise ! (Phase 3 ! de l'IPC) à l'est du Tchad, Octobre 2024 - Mai 2025
Source:
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
Date of Document:
1 November 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/tchad-perspectives-sur-la-securite-alimentaire-lafflux-continu-des-refugies-soudanais-maintient-linsecurite-alimentaire-aigue-de-crise-octobre-2024-mai-2025
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Chad. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/chad
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Chad.html
Accessed Date:
14 February 2025
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Chad: Transitional National Council.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/TD/TD-LC01/
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Country Profile
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
URL:
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/chad/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Chad: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/chad/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Chad. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/2023/country/chad
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
An Introduction to the Legal System and Legal Research in Chad
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Nadjita F. Ngarhodjim; Miarom Bégoto
URL:
https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Chad1.html
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Chad. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/chad
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Tchad. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
URL:
http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/cartes/Tchad/1306147
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Title:
Partie 1 : Besoins humanitaires. Tchad. Besoins humanitaires et plan de réponse.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
March 2024
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/attachments/fa57271a-3f04-48cd-974a-0e6e3387c50e/TCD_STR_HNRP_2024_20240312.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Bulletin cluster santé Tchad - avril-juin 2024
Source:
Health Cluster Chad
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/210b4b50-9cd4-46f7-928d-4b40ac30857e/Bulletin%20Crise%20Humanitaire%20_Cluster%20Sante%CC%81%20Tchad%20T2%20-%20HCC_07.10.2024.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Chad: DIEM – Data in Emergencies Monitoring brief, round 6 – Results and recommendations.
Source:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Date of Document:
April 2024
URL:
https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/3c066614-30b8-4f3f-9038-34d8c86d2541/content
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
The Fallout in Chad from the Fighting in Darfur
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
10 August 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/fallout-chad-fighting-darfur
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Between Recession and Repression: The Rising Cost of Dissent in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AFR2070452017ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Chad: Post-Déby Crackdown, Abuses
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/24/chad-post-deby-crackdown-abuses
Accessed Date:
9 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Release Opposition Members and Supporters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 May 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/30/chad-release-opposition-members-and-supporters
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Still No Reparations for Hissène Habré's Victims
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 May 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/26/chad-still-no-reparations-hissene-habres-victims
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad: Authorities must ensure fair trial rights of detained relatives of killed opposition leader
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
28 May 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/05/chad-authorities-must-ensure-fair-trial-rights-of-detained-relatives-of-killed-opposition-leader/
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad's Mahamat Deby doubles down on authoritarian rule in wake of election victory
Date of Document:
3 June 2024
URL:
https://theconversation.com/chads-mahamat-deby-doubles-down-on-authoritarian-rule-in-wake-of-election-victory-231210
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
“Transition” Orchestrated by Chad's Military Goes Awry
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
15 November 2022
URL:
https://africacenter.org/spotlight/non-transition-chad-military-government/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: What are the risks after Idriss Déby's death?
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 April 2021
Author:
Richard Moncrieff et al.
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/tchad-quels-risques-apres-la-mort-d-idriss-deby
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Violent Repression of Opposition Protest
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 October 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/10/29/chad-violent-repression-opposition-protest
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: How Much Longer Will the Military Council Stay?
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 April 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/20/chad-how-much-longer-will-military-council-stay
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. 2023 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
5 September 2024
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2116162.html
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Annex 1 Profiles of the 10 countries with the highest rates of child marriage
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/jahia-publications/documents/publications/2012/ChildMarriage_8_annex1_indicator-definition.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Breaking the Cycle of Farmer-Herder Violence. Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°199.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
23 August 2024
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/b199-tchad-rompre-le-cycle-des-violences-agropastorales
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Chad: Fear of Rebellion Continues to Affect Human Smuggling Activity
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
June 2023
Author:
Alice Fereday; Alexandre Bish
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Alice-Fereday-and-Alexandre-Bish-Chad-Fear-of-rebellion-continues-to-affect-human-smuggling-activity-GI-TOC-June-2023.v4.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chad: Political Crisis Significantly Disrupts Human Smuggling
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
June 2022
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Human-smuggling-and-trafficking-ecosystems-CHAD.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 January 2024
Title:
Chadian authorities use suspension, apparent kidnap attempt to intimidate news website
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
29 August 2023
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/chadian-authorities-use-suspension-apparent-kidnap-attempt-intimidate-news-website
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad–Sudan–Libya Triangle
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
June 2017
Author:
Jérôme Tubiana; Claudio Gramizzi
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-CAR-WP43-Chad-Sudan-Libya.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Situation of Forcibly Displaced Persons and Stateless as of 30 September 2024
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
3 October 2024
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/111554
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
Responding to Chad's Displacement Crisis in the Lac Province and the Implementation of the Kampala Convention
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
12 October 2022
Author:
Alexandra Lamarche
URL:
https://d3jwam0i5codb7.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ChadReport-September2022-Updatedon10.12.22.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
Tchad : Point de situation sécuritaire d'avril 2022 à mars 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 May 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2305_tcd_point_de_situation_securitaire_159137_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Discussion on Justice for Past Crimes Blocked
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 October 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/04/chad-discussion-justice-past-crimes-blocked
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Limiting the Impact of the War in Sudan on Ouaddaï. Briefing Afrique de Crisis Group N°202.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
14 November 2024
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad-sudan/b202-tchad-limiter-limpact-de-la-guerre-au-soudan-dans-le-ouaddai
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chad
Accessed Date:
15 May 2024
Title:
Chad: Political Transition Ends with Déby's Election
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 May 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/05/13/chad-political-transition-ends-debys-election
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Chad: Prominent Opposition Leader Killed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 March 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/01/chad-prominent-opposition-leader-killed
Accessed Date:
30 January 2025
Title:
Civil Society Report on the Implementation of Chapter II (Prevention) & Chapter V (Asset Recovery) of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption in Chad
Date of Document:
February 2024
Author:
Organisation Tchadienne Anti-Corruption; Alladoum Nadingar; Ramadane N'Doh
URL:
https://uncaccoalition.org/chad-parallel-report-otac-uncac-coalition-english-version-2024/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Chad: Land disputes – ethnic discrimination and violence
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
6 February 2020
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2024306/2020_Q2_CHAD_land_disputes_ethnic-discrimination.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 January 2024
Title:
Keeping Chad Stable as Sudan's Conflict Rages
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
1 September 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/cmt/africa/chad-sudan/preserver-la-stabilite-du-tchad-face-au-conflit-soudanais
Accessed Date:
11 February 2026
Title:
Partie 1 : Besoins humanitaires. Tchad. Besoins humanitaires et plan de réponse.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2026
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/chad/tchad-besoins-et-plan-de-reponse-humanitaires-2026-hnrp
Accessed Date:
18 February 2026
Title:
Interagency Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Mission to Chad, January 2024
Source:
United Nations. Inter-Agency Standing Committee.
Date of Document:
20 May 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/interagency-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-mission-chad-january-2024
Accessed Date:
11 February 2026
Title:
“End of Military Agreements Between France and Chad: Factors and Stakes of a Breakup”
Source:
L'Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques
Date of Document:
3 December 2024
URL:
https://www.iris-france.org/en/fin-des-accords-militaires-entre-la-france-et-le-tchad-facteurs-et-enjeux-dune-rupture/
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Chad. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chad
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Constitutional Manipulation Consolidates Authoritarian Rule
Date of Document:
9 January 2026
URL:
https://lens.civicus.org/chad-constitutional-manipulation-consolidates-authoritarian-rule/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: CCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 143rd Session (03 Mar 2025 - 28 Mar 2025)
Source:
Committee for Justice
Date of Document:
February 2025
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/DownloadDraft.aspx?key=V8S60hN1gCZJSEGIEewPn1n/2hLWvbr9oOHKDLUjZQ/lki9Ba7cGhBIRLzvVZQmB
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad. Freedom in the World 2025.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/chad/freedom-world/2025
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Hissène Habré's victims receive $16.5 million
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
URL:
https://www.icj.org/chad-hissene-habres-victims-receive-16-5-million/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad's Weaponization of Citizenship
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 October 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/02/chads-weaponization-of-citizenship
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Constitutional Change Threatens Rule of Law, Democracy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/16/chad-constitutional-change-threatens-rule-of-law-democracy
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Opposition Leader Arrested
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 May 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/16/chad-opposition-leader-arrested
Accessed Date:
12 February 2026
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Chad: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/TD/TD-UC01/
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Chad
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
10 July 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/CEDAW/C/TCD/CO/5
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
URL:
https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/learning-resources/child-marriage-atlas/regions-and-countries/chad/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Analyse rapide des rapports sociaux de sexe (ARRSS)
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
29 October 2025
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/79192f90-7bf4-4458-8b4a-144b7ab5d57b/TCD_Rapport_Genre_20251023.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Live off the land and die for it: Human rights violations in conflicts between herders and farmers in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 November 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr20/0288/2025/en/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Chad: Human Smuggling picks up amid Persisting Instability and the Sudan Conflict
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
September 2024
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Alice-Fereday-Chad-Human-smuggling-picks-up-amid-persisting-instability-and-the-Sudan-conflict-GI-TOC-September-2024.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
“I have been living in fear for a year”:RSF investigates the invisible surveillance of journalists in Chad
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
27 August 2025
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/i-have-been-living-fear-year-rsf-investigates-invisible-surveillance-journalists-chad
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Through their Eyes: Experiences of Displaced Sudanese Women and Girls in Eastern Chad
Source:
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Date of Document:
March 2025
Author:
Amal Bourhrous et al.
URL:
https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2503_through_their_eyes_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Protection Alert: A Forgotten Crisis in Chad's Lac Province
Source:
Global Protection Cluster
Date of Document:
2 July 2025
URL:
https://globalprotectioncluster.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/gpc_protection_alert_chad_july_2025_eng.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Emergency situation in Chad: Update on arrivals from Sudan
Source:
UN Refugee Agency
Date of Document:
11 January 2026
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/120529
Accessed Date:
3 February 2026
Title:
Rapport Projet AMANA WA SALAMA : Bureau Coordination de l'Est du Tchad, Abéché
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
27 November 2025
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/119828
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
Title:
Tchad: Note de monitoring de protection
Source:
Project 21. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
20 October 2025
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/119240
Accessed Date:
13 February 2026
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