National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
19 December 2025
TÜRKIYE
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Turkey. Administrative Divisions.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
26 June 2014
Title:
“Everything is by the Power of the Weapon”: Abuses and Impunity in Turkish-Occupied Northern Syria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
Editor:
Adam Coogle; Tom Porteous
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 December 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
17 September 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
15 September 2025
Author:
Jim Zanotti; Clayton Thomas
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turkey. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Gülenists. Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
August 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye. Beyond the rubble: A situation analysis 120 days after the earthquakes (6 February to 31 May 2023).
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
13 June 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Türkiye. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2023
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
General Country of Origin Information Report on Türkiye
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Présentation de la Turquie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
2 April 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : Situation sécuritaire. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
10 February 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turkey. The Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
28 October 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Chronologie du conflit kurde
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 September 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2021
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
August 2020
Accessed Date:
11 December 2020
Title:
Turkey: Individuals associated with the Gülen movement. The Finnish Immigration Service's fact-finding mission to Ankara and Istanbul 2–6 October 2023.
Source:
Finland. Finnish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Türkiye
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
16 May 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
ECRI Report on Türkiye (sixth monitoring cycle)
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
12 June 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey. Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Nate Schenkkan; Isabel Linzer
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Case Study: Turkey. Defending Democracy in Exile: Policy Responses to Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Author:
Yana Gorokhovskaia; Isabel Linzer
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Human Rights in Turkey: 2024 in Review
Source:
Stockholm Center for Freedom
Date of Document:
March 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turquie: Les Universitaires pour la paix (en turc :Barış İçin Akademisyenler, BAK)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 May 2023
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye: Students, Journalists on Trial for Protest
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 April 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Chapter 23: Judiciary and fundamental rights; Chapter 24: Justice, freedom and security. Commission staff working document: Türkiye 2025 Report.
Code:
SWD(2025) 756 final
Source:
European Union. European Commission.
Date of Document:
4 November 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Memorandum on freedom of expression and of the media, human rights defenders and civil society in Türkiye
Source:
Council of Europe. Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
4 March 2024
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Human Rights Defenders in An Iron Cage: The Anti-Terrorism Law in Turkey
Source:
Human Rights Association
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Arrestation de militaires en septembre et octobre 2018
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 March 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Le Hizb ut-Tahrir, notamment dans la province de Van
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 April 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Turkey. Country report: Non-discrimination.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Les gardiens (ou protecteurs) de village entre 1985 et 2015
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 March 2024
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Turquie : Poursuites pour des publications sur les réseaux sociaux
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 March 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Türkiye/Syria: A Human Rights Response to the 6 February Earthquakes
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
National report submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21: Türkiye
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/49/TUR/1
Date of Document:
10 February 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/49/TUR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 February 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Summary of stakeholders' submissions on Türkiye
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/49/TUR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
22 January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Commissioner for human rights of the Council of Europe Dunja Mijatović. Report following her visit to Turkey from 1 to 5 July 2019.
Source:
Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe
Date of Document:
19 February 2020
Accessed Date:
14 December 2020
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Accessed Date:
1 November 2012
Title:
Information on the Nufus Huviyet Cuzdani [Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Nufus Cuzdani] and any other document used in Turkey for identification purposes (2012-May 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 June 2015
Accessed Date:
26 June 2015
Title:
Turkish Citizenship Law (As Amended in 2018)
Accessed Date:
11 December 2018
Title:
Identity documents, including biometric passports, Republic of Turkey Identity Card, birth certificates, and driving licences; requirements and procedures to obtain such documents; appearance and security features (2018–November 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 November 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Residence Permit Now Required for Foreigners to Marry in Türkiye
Source:
Kurucuk & Associates Law Firm
Date of Document:
30 June 2024
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Citizenship by birth, including requirements and legislation; requirements for a person to claim citizenship if both parents were born in Turkey (2012-October 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 October 2013
Accessed Date:
26 June 2014
Title:
Turkey. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain residence permits, including obtaining and renewing a residence permit from inside and outside of the country; rights and responsibilities of permit holders (2017-December 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2019
Accessed Date:
27 January 2020
Title:
The Turkish Residence Permit for Foreigners, including the status afforded by the permit; rights and obligations of holders of the permit, including rights to employment, services, and to return and reside in Turkey; criteria to renew the permit...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 February 2016
Accessed Date:
28 June 2016
Title:
Issuance of a passport to a child born outside Turkey to Turkish parents; information on the renewal process of Turkish passports for Turkish citizens abroad (2016-November 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 December 2018
Accessed Date:
20 December 2018
Title:
Information on the Nüfus Kayit Örnegi [extract of civil registry], including format, purpose, and issuing body; information included on the document, including family members and whether an individual can request the omission of particular ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 September 2016
Accessed Date:
31 January 2017
Title:
Arbitrary deprivation of nationality and denial of consular services to Turkish citizens
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Türkiye. Election for Turkish Presidency of 28 May 2023.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Türkiye: Grand National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
16 December 2025
Title:
The procedure by which the Peoples' Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi, HDP) verifies that a person is a member of the party and who is authorized to issue a letter attesting that a person is a member; the procedure by which the ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 March 2020
Accessed Date:
30 November 2020
Title:
Turquie: violences contre les femmes membres du HDP
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
25 October 2018
Accessed Date:
5 December 2019
Title:
Situation and treatment of members of Kurdish political parties that have succeeded the People's Democracy Party (Halkin Demokrasi Partisi, HADEP), including the Peace and Democracy Party (Baris ve Demokrasi Partisi, BDP), and the Peoples'...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 June 2016
Accessed Date:
28 June 2016
Title:
The Hizmet movement, also known as the Gülen movement, including situation and treatment of followers or perceived followers; how members of the Hizmet movement are identified, including how persons or organizations might be perceived as belonging ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 January 2020
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
The good, the bad and the Gülenists
Source:
European Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
27 January 2017
Title:
Turquie : les partis pro-kurdes et d'extrême-gauche
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 August 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Turquie : Les commissions et comités de village; Liens allégués avec le Parti des Travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 October 2017
Accessed Date:
11 December 2018
Title:
Turquie : Le Parti révolutionnaire uni (Birleşik Devrimci Parti)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
26 July 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Fact-finding mission on the situation of local elected representatives in Turkey
Source:
Council of Europe. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities.
Date of Document:
29 March 2017
Author:
Anders Knape; Leendert Verbeek
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Requirements and procedures to become a member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi, HDP); membership cards, attestation letters and donation receipts, including content, appearance, and authorized issuing authority...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2021
Title:
Türkiye: Jailed Mayor's Lawyer Detained
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 June 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
The Socialist Democracy Party, including origin, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including membership cards; treatment of party members and supporters by ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2017
Accessed Date:
20 December 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: PKK. Version 6.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Peoples' Democratic Party/Green Left Party (HDP/YSP). Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : La tentative de coup d'Etat de juillet 2016 à Malatya
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 February 2022
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Le Parti socialiste de la Patrie (Sosyalist Vatan Partisi, SVP)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 January 2022
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Treatment of family members of suspected current and former Hizmet supporters [Gülen supporters; Gülenists] in Türkiye; treatment of returnees, including whether particular profiles of current or former supporters face greater risks upon return...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 November 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turkey's Presidential System after Two and a Half Years: An Overview of Institutions and Politics
Source:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs et al.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Sinem Adar; Günter Seufert
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Turquie : Missions et attributions du sous-préfet (kaymakam)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 April 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Turquie : Parti de la femme libre du Kurdistan (PAJK)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 May 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
The Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP), including origin, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; treatment of party members and supporters by authorities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 December 2021
Accessed Date:
17 December 2021
Title:
Turquie : Situation à Karayazı (province d'Erzurum) de 2014 à 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 June 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : missions et attributions du maire de quartier ou de village (muhtar)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 December 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Turquie: La Fédération des droits démocratiques (DHF) et la Fédération des assemblées socialistes (SMF)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 September 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Republic of Türkiye General Elections 14 May and Presidential Election, Second Round 28 May 2023: ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
29 September 2023
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : La loi sur le repentir effectif, conditions et application
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 June 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Turquie: Le groupe de hackers TurkHackTeam
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 March 2023
Accessed Date:
26 June 2024
Title:
Election observation report: 31 March 2024 local elections in Turkey
Source:
Human Rights Association
Date of Document:
May 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
The DEM Party and Turkey's Kurdish issue. What Comes Next for Turkey? Prospects for Change on the Political, Economic, and Foreign Policy Fronts.
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
9 July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Türkiye: Government Removes Elected Opposition Mayors
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
6 November 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Türkiye: Court Jails Istanbul Mayor
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 March 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: End brutal crackdown on peaceful protest and human rights defenders
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
4 April 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : La confrérie Gülen, alliance avec l'AKP et infiltration des institutions régaliennes de l'Etat (2002–2016)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 September 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party(Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi, DEM),including its origins, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; treatment of party members and supporters by authorities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including whether membership cards are issued; attestation letters, including content, appearance, and issuing authority; attestation letter samples (2023–November 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 November 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Law to Protect Family and Prevent Violence Against Women No. 6284
Accessed Date:
20 June 2014
Title:
Turquie : Le nom de famille des femmes mariées
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Navigating Family Law in Turkey
Source:
Kurucuk & Associates
Date of Document:
14 June 2023
Author:
Zeynep Atım Kurucuk
Accessed Date:
14 December 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the eighth periodic report of Türkiye
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
12 July 2022
Accessed Date:
20 December 2022
Title:
Replies of Türkiye to the list of issues in relation to its combined fourth and fifth reports
Date of Document:
12 May 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Combatting Domestic Violence in Turkey: The Deadly Impact of Failure to Protect
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 May 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences, Reem Alsalem, on her visit to Türkiye
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
1 June 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Eighth periodic report submitted by Turkey under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2020
Date of Document:
1 April 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Türkiye. Country report: Gender equality.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turkey. WAVE Country Report 2023: The status and value of women's specialist services in preventing and tackling gender-based violence against women.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
December 2023
Author:
Elena Floriani; Léa Dudouet
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turkey. Fighting Domestic Violence: Europe.
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 February 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Mariage d'enfants, mariage précoce et mariage forcé
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
28 October 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : risques de divulgation d'informations confidentielles relatives à la protection de femmes menacées de crimes d'honneur
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
11 May 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
We Will Stop Femicides Platform 2024 Annual Report
Source:
We Will Stop Femicide Platform
Date of Document:
9 January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey, Turn Words into Actions: Duty-Bound to End Violence Against Women
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : violence contre les femmes
Source:
Organisation suisse d'aide aux réfugiés
Date of Document:
22 June 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection; support services available to victims, including mental health services; the impact of COVID-19 (2020-November 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 November 2022
Accessed Date:
19 December 2022
Title:
Information received from Türkiye on follow-up to the concluding observations on its eighth periodic report
Date of Document:
16 July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fourth and fifth periodic reports of Türkiye
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
21 June 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Women fearing gender-based violence. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : Situation et condition des femmes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 September 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turkey. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia 2025.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Worsening Repression in Turkey: The Ongoing Crackdown on the LGBTI+ Community. Advancing Fundamental Freedoms in Turkey.
Date of Document:
February 2024
Author:
Umut Rojda Yıldırım
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : situation des personnes transgenres et protection de l'État
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
23 January 2023
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Türkiye: 2023 prides took place amid discriminatory restrictions and abuse of the rights of protesters
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
17 May 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Treatment of persons with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) by society and state authorities, including state protection (2020–November 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 November 2022
Accessed Date:
19 December 2022
Title:
LGBTI+ Rights and Rights Violations Report within the Framework of the Human Rights Action Plan
Source:
Human Rights Association
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Türkiye. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Türkiye.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
21 August 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : Les groupes armés clandestins dans la province de Kayseri
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 August 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Rule of Law(lessness) in Erdoğan's Turkey: Violation of the principle of legality and no punishment without law in post-coup trials
Source:
Stockholm Center for Freedom
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Conflict Between Turkey and Armed Kurdish Groups
Source:
Center for Preventive Action
Date of Document:
27 May 2025
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye's PKK Conflict: A Visual Explainer
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
An Enduring Challenge: ISIS-linked Foreigners in Türkiye. Europe Report N°267.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
28 February 2023
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Drowned in Procedure, Sentenced to Fail: Administrative Harassment Against Civil Society in Turkey. Turkey Part III.
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Le mouvement ultranationaliste turc dans le district de Kozan (province d'Adana) entre 2015 et 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Situation sécuritaire et rôle de la police dans la province de Hakkâri entre juillet 2014 et septembre 2015
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : actions violentes du TKP-ML-TIKKO depuis 2001
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 December 2022
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turquie: Violences rurales dans la province de Muş
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 July 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye. Global Organized Crime Index 2025.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
20 April 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Report concerning the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings by Türkiye
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings.
Date of Document:
22 October 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie: Activités alléguées du Mouvement de la jeunesse patriotique révolutionnaire (YDG-H) et des Unités de défense civile (YPS) dans la ville de Muş entre 2010 et 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie: Le mouvement prokurde à Bulanık (province de Muş) de 2009 à 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye), the PKK, and U.S. Involvement: Chronology. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
10 January 2025
Author:
Jim Zanotti; Clayton Thomas
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: Law No. 1111 of 1927, Military Law (amended 1992)
Accessed Date:
24 June 2015
Title:
Military service, both compulsory and voluntary, including requirements, length, alternatives and exemptions; consequences of draft evasion and conscientious objection (2018–November 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
Accessed Date:
14 December 2020
Title:
Information on the 2014 law on military service, including possibilities for exemption by paying a fee; implementation of the law (2014-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 January 2017
Accessed Date:
31 January 2017
Title:
Turquie : Le service militaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
26 February 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : Conditions et déroulement du service militaire pour les Syriens naturalisés turcs
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 May 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : Service militaire et situation des appelés d'origine kurde
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2017
Accessed Date:
27 June 2025
Title:
Response to the Questionnaire on the Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security by the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Türkiye to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Date of Document:
29 July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Military identification for active and completed military service, including military cards and booklets; content, appearance, and security features of these documents; whether military identification can be used to access other ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Military service. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Turquie : le portail e-Devlet
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 November 2021
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : E-Devlet, UYAP. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
8 January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye: e-Devlet and UYAP
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Report to the Turkish Government on the visit to Turkey carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 6 to 17 May 2019
Source:
Council of Europe. European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
5 August 2020
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Response of the Turkish Government to the report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) on its visit to Turkey from 6 to 17 May 2019
Date of Document:
5 August 2020
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
49th Session of the UPR Working Group. Country under Review: Turkey.
Source:
EuroMed Rights et al.
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
When State of Emergency Becomes the Norm: The impact of executive decrees on Turkish legislation
Source:
Heinrich Böll Stiftung
Date of Document:
January 2018
Author:
İsmet Akça et al.
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Turkiye: Osman Kavala Marks 7 Years Behind Bars
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 November 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey. Extracts. Emergency Decree Laws. Nos KHK/668, 670, 671, 675, 677, 679, 680, 683, 685, 685, 687.
Date of Document:
20 February 2017
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Türkiye
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
14 August 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain statements of plaintiffs/victims (müşteki/mağdur ifade tutanağı), from within the country, as well as from abroad; format, including appearance, signatures and letterhead; whether there is a standard format ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 September 2018
Accessed Date:
18 December 2018
Source:
Global Access to Justice Project
Author:
Idil Elveris; Seda Kalem
Accessed Date:
12 December 2022
Title:
Flouting the European Court of Human Rights and Bringing Domestic Courts to Heel: Türkiye's Collision Course with the Council of Europe
Source:
Human Rights Watch et al.
Date of Document:
24 January 2025
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: More Emergency Decrees Issued
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
8 September 2017
Accessed Date:
27 June 2025
Title:
Copies of Decrees 675 and 676, published in the Resmî Gazete (Official Gazette) on 29 October 2016
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 April 2017
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Turquie : Le contrôle judiciaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 December 2022
Title:
Joint Alternative Report to the Committee against Torture in relation to its review of the fifth periodic Report of Türkiye
Source:
World Organization against Torture et al.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
The 10th Judicial Reform Package Has Entered Into Force
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Penal Code of Turkey (amended 2015)
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
The National Judiciary Informatics System(Ulusal Yargı Ağı Projesi, UYAP) [Ulusal Yargı Ağı Bilişim Sistemi],including its structure and the access granted to individuals and their legal representatives; types of documents found in UYAP, such as arrest warrants, indictments and convictions, and their issuing authorities; their content, appearance, and security features, including samples (2023-November 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 November 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : accès aux dossiers relatifs à la procédure pénale
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
1 February 2019
Accessed Date:
6 December 2019
Title:
Turquie : accès des membres de la famille aux mandats de perquisition, aux ordres de saisie et aux mandats d'arrêt
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
1 February 2019
Accessed Date:
6 December 2019
Title:
Profession on Trial: The Systematic Crackdown Against Lawyers in Turkey
Source:
International Bar Association. Human Rights Institute; Arrested Lawyers Initiative
Date of Document:
13 February 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Fourth Evaluation Round: Corruption prevention in respect of members of parliament, judges and prosecutors. Fourth Interim Compliance Report: Turkey.
Source:
Council of Europe. Groups of States against Corruption.
Date of Document:
7 December 2023
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-sixth session, 27 March–5 April 2023. Opinion No. 3/2023 concerning Ali Ünal (Türkiye).
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-sixth session, 27 March–5 April 2023. Opinion No. 29/2023 concerning Muhammet Şentürk (Türkiye).
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Fifth periodic report submitted by Turkey under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the simplified reporting procedure, due in 2020
Date of Document:
4 April 2022
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: Terrorism Financing Law Has Immediate ‘Chilling Effect' on Civil Society; Impact of Law No. 7262 on Non-Profit Organizations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 October 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Turkey: Prison conditions
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
March 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Report of Independent International Fact-finding Mission to Turkey Examining the Treatment of Lawyers Deprived of their Liberty and Observing Trial Proceedings 6-10 November 2023
Source:
The Law Society of England and Wales et al.
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye. Prison Insider: Country profiles.
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
2023 Monitoring Report: Rights Violations in Turkish Prisons
Source:
Human Rights Association
Date of Document:
26 July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Treatment of detainees in police custody; recourses available to detainees to file complaints against the police and their effectiveness
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 June 2012
Accessed Date:
1 November 2012
Title:
Briefing Paper: Enforced Disappearances in Türkiye
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : La police de Bingöl de 2014 à 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 February 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : bases de données des autorités de sécurité turques (PolNet, GBTS)
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
14 June 2019
Accessed Date:
6 December 2019
Title:
Summonses, arrest warrants, and other related police documents, including appearance, security features, issuance procedures, and samples (2017-December 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 February 2020
Accessed Date:
27 February 2020
Title:
Turquie : Situation sécuritaire dans la province de Sirnak entre 2011 et 2019; Notamment le rôle des forces de police
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 August 2019
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Turquie : Les prisons de Van de 2015 à 2018
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 June 2018
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Türkiye: “I Cannot Breathe': Allegations of torture and other ill-treatment in the context of mass protests between 19–26 March must be investigated
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 June 2025
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: Police, Watchmen Involved in Torture, Ill-Treatment
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 July 2020
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Turquie : Accès à l'information dans PolNet/ GBTS
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
8 April 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
The GBT system[Genel Bilgi Toplama Sistemi; Genişletilmiş Bilgi Tarama;General Information Gathering System; General Information Collection; GBTS], including information contained within it and whether a person's criminal record would be included; access to the system, including police access and their ability to use it to track individuals; cases of individuals being tracked by the police using these databases (2022–June 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : Les forces spéciales de la police (en turc : Polis özel harekat) organisation, recrutement et formation depuis les années 1990
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 March 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Exactions commises par les forces spéciales de la police (Polis özel harekat, PÖH) notamment à Diyarbakır entre 2015 et avril 2017
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 March 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turkey: Police and Gendarmerie Abuses in Earthquake Zone
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 April 2023
Accessed Date:
14 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Les gardiens de sécurité depuis 2015 (ex - protecteurs de village)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : Situation sécuritaire et violences policières alléguées dans la province d'Adıyaman de 2017 à 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : La garde à vue
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 February 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : les Loups gris et les « gardiens de quartier »
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye: Stop abusing criminal and anti-terrorism law to silence journalists
Date of Document:
26 January 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
2024–2025 Press Freedom Report
Source:
Journalists' Union of Turkey
Date of Document:
September 2025
Author:
Ülkü Şahin; Ilyas Coşkun
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Turkey. Freedom on the Net 2025.
Editor:
Shannon O'Toole; Tyler Roylance
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Türkiye: Treatment by the state of individuals, including returnees, who are involved, or perceived to be involved, in pro-Kurdish social media activism.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
23 February 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turquie : Le magazine Odak ; Liens allégués avec des groupes armés d'extrême-gauche, notamment le THKP-C
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 February 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Member States and Candidate Countries in 2023. Country Report: Turkey.
Source:
European University Institute. Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Author:
Tirse Erbaysal Filibeli et al.
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Türkiye: Release imprisoned satirical magazine staff
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 July 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye: ten years of state hostility towards the press under President Erdogan
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
10 August 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie/Irak: L'agence de presse ANF (Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê, Firat News Agency)et autres médias présentés comme proches du PKK en Irak
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 September 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
26 June 2024
Title:
Situation of Alevis, including political and religious rights; treatment of Alevis by society and authorities; state protection (2019–November 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 December 2021
Accessed Date:
16 December 2021
Title:
The Alevi faith, including principles, beliefs, traditions, and ritual practices (2019–November 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Turkey. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2025 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
The Alevis' fight for recognition in Turkey
Date of Document:
26 January 2020
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
The difference between the beliefs and practices of Alevis and those of Alawis (Nusayris); treatment of both groups by authorities (2012-April 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 April 2013
Accessed Date:
20 June 2013
Title:
Letters of attestation issued by the Canadian Alevi Culture Center (CACC) (Kanada Alevi Kültür Merkezi, KAKM), including appearance, security features and signatories; letters of attestation and membership cards issued by the Pir Sultan Abdal ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2021
Title:
Treatment of atheists by society and the authorities, particularly in Istanbul; whether socio-religious groups that support the government serve as informants to report the religious practices of citizens (2019–November 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 November 2021
Accessed Date:
9 December 2021
Title:
Information on Alevi organizations outside of Turkey, including whether they issue letters that attest that bearers are Alevis (2016-November 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 November 2018
Accessed Date:
18 December 2018
Title:
Country Update: Turkey (Türkiye). Religious Freedom Conditions in Turkey.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Issue Update: Blasphemy Charges in Turkey. Charges for Blasphemy and “Insulting Religious Values.”
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Examination of Threats to Religious Sites in Turkey
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Tuğba Tanyeri-Erdemir
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turquie : Situation des alévis
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 July 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : La fondation ENSAR (en turc : Ensar Vakfi)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 June 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Situation of Kurds, including in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir; situation of supporters or perceived supporters of the Peoples' Democratic Party (Halkların Demokratik Partisi, HDP); situation of Alevi Kurds (2022–November 2024)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 November 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Two routes to an impasse: Understanding Turkey's Kurdish policy
Source:
Brookings Institution. Center on the United States and Europe.
Date of Document:
December 2016
Author:
Ayşegül Aydın; Cem Emrence
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Comprehensive Report on Turkey: The Myth of Tolerance
Source:
European University Institute. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Accessed Date:
20 June 2013
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Turkey
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
11 January 2016
Accessed Date:
23 June 2016
Title:
Turkey. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Unveiling Discrimination: Minorities in Türkiye
Source:
Minority Rights Group
Date of Document:
April 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Kurds. Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fourth to sixth reports of Turkey. Addendum: Information received from Turkey on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CERD/C/TUR/CO/4-6/Add.1
Date of Document:
9 February 2017
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Attestation letters issued by the Quebec Kurdish Foundation(Fondation kurde du Québec)and the Canadian Kurdish Community Centre, formerly known as the Toronto Kurdish Community and Information Centre (TKCC), including their appearance, content, security features, and signatories; samples (2023–November 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 November 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Turkey: Information on societal and state perception / treatment of Syrian nationals under temporary protection in Turkey; …
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
12 December 2019
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Turquie: Le néo-zoroastrisme chez les Kurdes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 August 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 June 2021
Accessed Date:
15 December 2021
Title:
Roma In Turkey: Discrimination, Exclusion Deep Poverty and Deprivation
Source:
Civil Rights Defenders
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Le mouvement pro-kurde à Başkale (province de Van)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 January 2022
Accessed Date:
21 December 2022
Title:
Treatment of Uyghurs [Uighurs] and ethnic Chinese by society and the authorities (2020–November 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 November 2022
Accessed Date:
19 December 2022
Title:
Turquie : situation des Ouïghours
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 December 2022
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turquie : Vendetta et conflits familiaux dans la province de Şanlıurfa
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 March 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 October 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
“It's Like I Live in a Cage': Turkmen Authorities' Denial of Passports to Turkmen Citizens in Türkiye
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 November 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Exit procedures at airports and land borders, including documents required to cross the border at a land crossing (2017-January 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 January 2020
Accessed Date:
25 February 2020
Title:
Turkish Border Guards Torture, Kill Syrians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Country Report: Türkiye. Update on 2024.
Source:
Asylum Information Database
Date of Document:
July 2025
Editor:
European Council on Refugees and Exile
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Immigration Detention in Turkey: Trapped at the Crossroad Between Asia and Europe
Source:
Global Detention Project
Date of Document:
29 October 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Türkiye: Syrians in Türkiye – the Temporary Protection Regulation and its implementation
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
October 2023
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
The Democratic Union Party (PYD) and People's Protection Units (YPG) in Turkish Official Discourse
Date of Document:
6 December 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
“No One Asked Me Why I Left Afghanistan”: Pushbacks and Deportations of Afghans from Turkey
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 November 2022
Editor:
Michelle Randhawa
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Refugee Rights Report within the Framework of the Action Plan on Human Rights
Source:
Human Rights Association
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Final Country Report: Turkey
Date of Document:
October 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turkey-Syria border; Turkey-Iraq Border. Syria: The border situation between Turkey, Syria, and Iraq.
Source:
Austria. Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum.
Date of Document:
10 October 2023
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Research on Violence Against Refugee Women in Southeast Türkiye
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
ENS Statelessness Index Survey 2024: Türkiye
Source:
European Network on Statelessness
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Migration: Turkey Makes a New Deal with Germany
Source:
MENA Research Center
Date of Document:
5 November 2024
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Syrian Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market
Source:
ILO Office in Turkey
Date of Document:
9 February 2020
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Türkiye
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
Date of Document:
11 July 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Second periodic report submitted by Türkiye under article 73 of the Convention, due in 2021
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye. Joint Submission to the UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. 36th Session, June 2024: Issues Related to Immigration Detention.
Source:
Global Detention Project; International Refugee Rights Association
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 June 2025:
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 June 2025
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey-turkiye/
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Türkiye. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
12 June 2025
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/turkiye
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
26 September 2024
Author:
Jim Zanotti; Clayton Thomas
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44000
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Gülenist movement. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkey-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-gulenist-movement-turkey-february-2022-accessible-version
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Chapter 23: Judiciary and fundamental rights; Chapter 24: Justice, freedom and security. Commission staff working document: Türkiye 2024 Report.
Code:
SWD(2024) 696 final
Source:
European Union. European Commission.
Date of Document:
30 October 2024
URL:
https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8010c4db-6ef8-4c85-aa06-814408921c89_en?filename=T%C3%BCrkiye%20Report%202024.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkey. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Turkey.html
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkey-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-kurdistan-workers-party-pkk-turkey-october-2023-accessible
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Turkey. Country report: Gender equality.
Source:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
URL:
https://www.equalitylaw.eu/downloads/5708-turkey-country-report-gender-equality-2022-2-34-mb
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Türkiye: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/turkey/
Accessed Date:
26 June 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Türkiye.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
10 June 2024
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/4ac42c15-5cca-4897-b471-1ce4004bf192
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turkey. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/country/turkey
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turquie : Le service militaire - Affectation des conscrits, conditions de report, exactions impliquant des conscrits et sanctions en cas d'insoumission
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2204_tur_service_militaire_155922_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Military Service. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkey-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-military-service-turkey-october-2023-accessible
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
The National Judiciary Informatics System (Ulusal Yargi Ağı Bilişim Sistemi, UYAP), including components, access by citizens and lawyers; arrest warrants and court decisions, including access to such documents on UYAP, who has the authority to ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 December 2018
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457673
Accessed Date:
20 December 2018
Title:
Türkiye: Prisons in 2024
URL:
https://www.prison-insider.com/en/countryprofile/turkiye-2024
Accessed Date:
18 December 2024
Title:
2023-2024 Press Freedom Report
Source:
Journalists' Union of Turkey
Date of Document:
June 2024
Author:
Ülkü Şahin; Ilyas Coşkun
URL:
https://tgs.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/READ-THE-FULL-REPORT.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turkey. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Author:
Amelia Larson et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkey/freedom-net/2024
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Kurds. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkey-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-kurds-turkey-october-2023-accessible
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Canada: Attestation letters issued by the Quebec Kurdish Foundation (Fondation kurde du Québec) and the Canadian Kurdish Community Centre, formerly known as the Toronto Kurdish Community and Information Centre (TKCC), including their appearance...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 November 2023
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=458903
Accessed Date:
12 December 2023
Title:
Country Report: Türkiye. 2023 Update.
Source:
Asylum Information Database
Date of Document:
August 2024
Author:
Refugee Rights Türkiye
Editor:
European Council on Refugees and Exile
URL:
https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AIDA-TR_2023-Update.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Fethullah Gülen, U.S.-based cleric accused by Turkey's Erdogan of starting coup, dead
Source:
Canadian Broadcasting Company
Date of Document:
21 October 2024
URL:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obit-turkey-us-gulen-1.7357883
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Le régime turc de sécurité sociale
Source:
France. Centre des Liaisons Européennes et Internationales de Sécurité Sociale
URL:
https://www.cleiss.fr/docs/regimes/regime_turquie.html
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Report on the impact of the state of emergency on human rights in Turkey, including an update on the South-East, January – December 2017
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2018
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/TR/2018-03-19_Second_OHCHR_Turkey_Report.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 December 2018
Title:
Weathering the Storm: Defending Human Rights in Turkey's Climate of Fear
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 April 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/EUR4482002018ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 December 2018
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression on his mission to Turkey
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
21 June 2017
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/35/22/Add.3
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression on his mission to Turkey: comments by the State
Date of Document:
7 June 2017
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/35/22/Add.6
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Restricted at Discretion: The Enjoyment of the Freedoms of Movement and Assembly in Turkey During and After the State of Emergency
Source:
International Commission of Jurists; Human Rights Joint Platform
Date of Document:
September 2019
URL:
https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Turkey-FoMA-brief-Advocacy-Analysis-brief-2019-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 December 2019
Title:
A Perpetual Emergency: Attacks on Freedom of Assembly in Turkey and Repercussions for Civil Society
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
July 2020
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_fidh_obs_turkey_covid_july_2020_v2_web_light_ok.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 December 2020
Title:
From purges to a ‘new Turkey' – the final stage of the state's reconstruction
Source:
Centre for Eastern Studies
Date of Document:
7 December 2016
URL:
https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/OSW-commentary_228.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 January 2017
Title:
VII. Türkiye Pride Marches: We Keep Coming Back. We Remain Resilient: Pride Around the World 2022.
Source:
Outright International
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/Outright_PrideReport_2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 December 2023
Title:
Kurdish leader Ocalan told the PKK to disband, it did: Here's what to know
Date of Document:
13 May 2025
URL:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/13/kurdish-leader-ocalan-told-the-pkk-to-disband-it-did-heres-what-to-know
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Documentation that male students need for deferment from military service; documentation required for students to travel abroad; whether a Canadian student visa would entitle the student to continue deferment of military service for academic purposes
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 February 2009
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=452231
Accessed Date:
1 November 2012
Title:
Whether enrolling in a four-year academic program at a university automatically grants a deferment of military service for the four-year period, even if an individual fails his courses or does not attend classes; whether the university issues...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 February 2009
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=452232
Accessed Date:
1 November 2012
Title:
Thematic Country of Origin Information Report Turkey: Military service
Source:
Netherlands.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
July 2019
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2030126/EN+Tab+Turkije+dienstplicht+4+juli+2019+zonder+vertrouwelijke+bronnen.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 December 2019
Title:
Law No. 6771 Amending the Constitution
URL:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)018-e
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Turkey. Opinion on the Amendments to the Constitution Adopted by the Grand National Assembly on 21 January 2017 and to be Submitted to a National Referendum on 16 April 2017.
Source:
Council of Europe. Venice Commission.
Date of Document:
13 March 2017
URL:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=cdl-ad(2017)005-e
Accessed Date:
12 December 2017
Title:
Observation of the referendum on the constitutional amendments in Turkey (16 April 2017)
Source:
Council of Europe. Parliamentary Assembly.
Date of Document:
29 May 2017
Author:
Cezar Florin Preda
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1401907/1226_1497353925_observation-of-the-referendum-on-the-constitutional-amendments-in-turkey-16-april-2017.pdf
Accessed Date:
27 June 2025
Title:
Turkey. Opinion on Emergency Decree Laws N°s 667-676 adopted following the failed coup of 15 July 2016 (Opinion No. 865/2016).
Source:
Council of Europe. Venice Commission.
Date of Document:
12 December 2016
URL:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2016)037-e
Accessed Date:
27 January 2017
Title:
Turkey Memorandum Prepared by the Ministry of Justice of Turkey for the Visit of the Delegation of the Venice Commission to Ankara on 3 and 4 November 2016 in Connection With the Emergency Decree Laws
Date of Document:
23 November 2016
URL:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2016)067-e
Accessed Date:
13 December 2017
Title:
Türkiye: New judicial package leaves people at continued risk of human rights violations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur44/7765/2024/en/
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turkey: State of Emergency Ends, but Not Repression
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 January 2019
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/01/17/turkey-state-emergency-ends-not-repression
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
State of Emergency and Decree Law No. 667
Date of Document:
8 July 2016
URL:
https://www.yazicilegal.com/media/1121/4887182016-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 December 2020
Title:
What is GBT? What is Included in GBT?
Date of Document:
22 February 2024
URL:
https://www.capa.av.tr/gbt-nedir-gbtde-neler-cikar/
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turkey: Spectre of A Digital Lockdown. Joint International Press Freedom Mission to Turkey (October 6-8, 2021)
Source:
International Press Institute et al.
URL:
https://ipi.media/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PFMissionReport_TURKEY_2021_22_FINAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Turkey. Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Author:
Nate Schenkkan; Isabel Linzer
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Turquie: Les Universitaires pour la paix (en turc :Barış İçin Akademisyenler, BAK)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 May 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2305_tur_universitaires_pour_la_paix_bak_159565_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 June 2024
Title:
Türkiye: Students, Journalists on Trial for Protest
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 April 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/04/17/turkiye-students-journalists-trial-protest
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : Poursuites pour des publications sur les réseaux sociaux
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 March 2022
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2203_tur_repression_reseaux_sociaux_155199_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/turkey
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain residence permits, including obtaining and renewing a residence permit from inside and outside of the country; rights and responsibilities of permit holders (2017-December 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2019
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457977
Accessed Date:
27 January 2020
Title:
Türkiye. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Our_Identities_Under_Arrest_2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 June 2024
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye), the PKK, and U.S. Involvement: Chronology. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
10 January 2025
Author:
Jim Zanotti; Clayton Thomas
URL:
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF11380
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Turquie : Conditions et déroulement du service militaire pour les Syriens naturalisés turcs
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 May 2022
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2205_tur_syr_service_militaire_syriens_naturalises_turcs_156230_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Response to the Questionnaire on the Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security by the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Türkiye to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Date of Document:
29 July 2024
URL:
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/2/1/574106.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : le portail e-Devlet
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2111_tur_e_devlet_154353_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
Turquie : E-Devlet, UYAP. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
8 January 2025
URL:
https://www.cgrs.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_turquie._e-devlet_uyap_20250108.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 June 2025
Title:
Turkiye: Osman Kavala Marks 7 Years Behind Bars
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 November 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/11/01/turkiye-osman-kavala-marks-7-years-behind-bars
Accessed Date:
25 June 2025
Title:
Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-sixth session, 27 March–5 April 2023. Opinion No. 3/2023 concerning Ali Ünal (Türkiye).
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WGAD/2023/3
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-sixth session, 27 March–5 April 2023. Opinion No. 29/2023 concerning Muhammet Şentürk (Türkiye).
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WGAD/2023/29
Accessed Date:
5 December 2023
Title:
Türkiye. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2023
URL:
https://www.issa.int/node/195543?country=994
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turkey (Türkiye). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/turkey/
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Case Study: Turkey. Defending Democracy in Exile: Policy Responses to Transnational Repression.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Author:
Yana Gorokhovskaia; Isabel Linzer
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/TransnationalRepressionReport2022_CaseStudy_Turkey_v2.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye: Jailed Mayor's Lawyer Detained
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 June 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/06/26/turkiye-jailed-mayors-lawyer-detained
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : La confrérie Gülen, alliance avec l'AKP et infiltration des institutions régaliennes de l'Etat (2002–2016)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 September 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2509_tur_gulen_alliance_avec_l__039_akp_et_infiltration_de_l__039_etat_%282002_2016%29_166285_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party(Halkların Eşitlik ve Demokrasi Partisi, DEM),including its origins, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; treatment of party members and supporters by authorities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including whether membership cards are issued; attestation letters, including content, appearance, and issuing authority; attestation letter samples (2023–November 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 November 2025
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=459075
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Turkey: Women fearing gender-based violence. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turkey-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-women-fearing-gender-based-violence-turkey-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : Situation et condition des femmes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 September 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2509_tur_condition_des_femmes_164770_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye: e-Devlet and UYAP
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2025
URL:
https://us.dk/media/s2nn5wq3/temarapport-om-uyap-og-e-devlet-tyrkiet.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
When State of Emergency Becomes the Norm: The impact of executive decrees on Turkish legislation
Source:
Heinrich Böll Stiftung
Date of Document:
January 2018
Author:
İsmet Akça et al.
URL:
https://tr.boell.org/sites/default/files/ohal_rapor_ing.final_version.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
The 10th Judicial Reform Package Has Entered Into Force
Date of Document:
30 June 2025
URL:
https://turkishlawblog.com/insights/detail/the-10th-judicial-reform-package-has-entered-into-force
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
The GBT system[Genel Bilgi Toplama Sistemi; Genişletilmiş Bilgi Tarama;General Information Gathering System; General Information Collection; GBTS], including information contained within it and whether a person's criminal record would be included; access to the system, including police access and their ability to use it to track individuals; cases of individuals being tracked by the police using these databases (2022–June 2025)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2025
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=459071
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : La garde à vue
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 February 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2502_tur_la_garde_a_vue_162212_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Turquie : les Loups gris et les « gardiens de quartier »
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
URL:
https://www.osar.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Herkunftslaenderberichte/Europa/Tuerkei/250721_TUR_les_loups_gris.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
Title:
Türkiye: Release imprisoned satirical magazine staff
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 July 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/EUR4401212025ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2025
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