National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
19 December 2025
SYRIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
August 2022
Accessed Date:
1 December 2022
Title:
Syria: Country Focus. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 December 2025
Accessed Date:
16 December 2025
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Atlas. Reference Maps.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
January 2017
Accessed Date:
29 September 2017
Title:
“Living Between Hope and Fear”: Testimonies Documenting the Persistence of Enforced Disappearance in Post-Assad Syria
Source:
Syrians For Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Situation Report No. 5 (As of 28 April 2025)
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
8 May 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Syria: Health care services availability and accessibility in Damascus, Rural Damascus, Tartous and Latakia
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
1 December 2022
Title:
Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
5 September 2025
Author:
Christopher M. Blanchard
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Security situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Humanitarian Situation Overview of Syria (HSOS) Ar-Raqqa City: Urban household assessment summer 2024
Date of Document:
29 October 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Landmines, Explosive Remnants Harming Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 April 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
UNHCR Position on Returns to the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
December 2024
Accessed Date:
21 March 2025
Title:
Syrie : Point de situation à la suite de la chute de l'Etat baathiste et de son président, Bachar al-Assad
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 February 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Beyond Return: Ensuring sustainable recovery & (re)- integration in Syria
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
May 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Syrie : Situation sécuritaire dans le gouvernorat de Soueïda entre 2020 et 2022
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 February 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Situation Report #3, January 26th, 2024: Continued Impact of Damaged and Destroyed Critical Infrastructures in Northeast Syria
Source:
Northeast Syria NGO Forum
Date of Document:
26 January 2024
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Syrian-Russian Alliance Forces Have Committed Violations that Constitute Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Through Unlawful Attack Against Northwestern Syria
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 October 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Humanitarian Situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Humanitarian Situation Overview of Syria
Source:
REACH Initiative
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Présentation de la Syrie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
10 December 2021
Title:
Syria: Security situation
Source:
Danemark. Danish Immigration Service
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Targeting of Individuals. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
September 2022
Accessed Date:
2 December 2022
Title:
Syria. Socio-Economic Survey 2025.
Source:
Austria. Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum.
Date of Document:
24 October 2025
Author:
Monika Potkanski-Palka
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
A Compromise is Urgently Needed in Southern Syria
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 July 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
General Country of Origin Information Report on Syria
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
August 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syria. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Health Sector Bulletin: August 2025.
Date of Document:
August 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Which groups have been fighting each other and where?
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Date of Document:
11 December 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : Veille sécuritaire du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 February 2024
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Syria: Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
1 October 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
The End of Assad: A New Chapter in Syrian History
Source:
Italian Institute for International Political Studies
Date of Document:
8 December 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Parties to Conflict Aggravate Cholera Epidemic
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Country of Origin Information: Thematic COI Report. Security situation in North and East Syria before the downfall of the Assad government.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service; Swedish Migration Agency
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Syria. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 4 April 2024
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 April 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1: Syrian Arab Republic
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/SYR/1
Date of Document:
17 November 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
14th Annual Report on the State of Human Rights in Syria for the Year 2024: The Fall of the Assad Regime: Remembering Violations and Accountability Prospects
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
19 May 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Abuses, Humanitarian Emergency Amid Sweida Clashes
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 March 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Implementation of Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021), 2642 (2022) and 2672 (2023): Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
24 August 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Human rights in the occupied Golan: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
15 March 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Escalating human rights violations in Syria's Afrin: 2024 update
Source:
Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights; YASA
Date of Document:
14 May 2024
Author:
Mariana Karkoutly
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Fourth periodic report submitted by the Syrian Arab Republic under article 40 of the Covenant, due in 2009
Date of Document:
30 May 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
‘Unbearable Living Conditions': Inadequate access to economic and social rights in displacement camps in north-west Syria
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
5 July 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Compilation on the Syrian Arab Republic
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/SYR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 November 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Syrian Arab Republic
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/40/SYR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
1 November 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
“Everything is by the Power of the Weapon”: Abuses and Impunity in Turkish-Occupied Northern Syria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
Editor:
Adam Coogle; Tom Porteous
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Legislative Decree 276 - Nationality Law
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Syria. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
16 December 2025
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain, renew, and replace passports and national identity cards, including in Canada and in neighbouring countries; information and details contained in each document, including physical characteristics (2015–July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 September 2017
Accessed Date:
27 September 2017
Title:
Armenia and Syria: Procedure for Syrians of Armenian origin to obtain Armenian citizenship from other countries, such as Canada
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 October 2013
Accessed Date:
7 March 2014
Title:
Passport renewal options, requirements and procedures for Syrians living abroad, specifically those living in Canada and Greece (January–July 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 July 2013
Accessed Date:
7 March 2014
Title:
The legal rights and obligations of a Palestinian who has been issued a Syrian travel document, including whether they must report for military service; whether the rights and obligations apply to Palestinians that have resided outside of the ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 November 2013
Accessed Date:
7 March 2014
Title:
Understanding statelessness in the Syria refugee context
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion; Norwegian Refugee Council
Author:
Zahra Albarazi; Laura van Waas
Accessed Date:
31 August 2017
Title:
Nationality, Documentation, and Statelessness in Syria
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion; Norwegian Refugee Council
Accessed Date:
31 August 2017
Title:
Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates: Work and residence permits; citizenship rights for children born to Syrians in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2014
Accessed Date:
28 August 2014
Title:
Civil Documentation and Registration in the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
Syria. Ministry of Interior. Civil Affairs Directorate.; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
25 April 2019
Accessed Date:
10 December 2021
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Syria
Code:
RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-CR 2021/15
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 December 2021
Title:
Justice for Life Comment on New Civil Status Law 2021
Date of Document:
May 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria. Documents and freedom of movement in North and East Syria (NES).
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
August 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Children on the Margins: The Impacts of Depriving Children of their Right to Nationality and Legal Identity in Northwest Syria
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; Fletcher School of Global Affairs International Law Practicum
Date of Document:
July 2023
Author:
Christine Bustany
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syria: Ajanib and Maktoumeen Citizenship and Military Service
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
April 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syrie: L'enregistrement a posteriori auprès des autorités des mariages et des divorces non enregistrés du fait du conflit depuis 2011
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 October 2024
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Syrian Arab Republic: People's Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
FALQs: The Interim Constitutional Declaration of the New Syrian Government
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
5 August 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria's 2025 Elections: Legitimacy and Representation
Date of Document:
17 September 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrie: Le ministère de l'Intérieur
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 September 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
The Syrian Regime's 2024 Parliamentary Elections Are Illegitimate and Predetermined by the Regime's Security Apparatus
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 July 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syrian Kurdish forces reach agreement with Damascus to merge with national army, commander says
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Constitutional Declaration Risks Endangering Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
Date of Document:
13 March 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Syria: Situation of women.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
February 2020
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Facing an impossible choice: Refugee women's housing, land and property rights in Syria
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
27 August 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
“I lost my dignity”: Sexual and gender-based violence in the Syrian Arab Republic. Conference room paper of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 March 2018
Accessed Date:
7 September 2018
Title:
Syria's Transitional Phase: “Honor” Killings Persist Amid Failing Protection and Legal Response
Source:
Syrians For Truth & Justice
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
28 August 2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Syria. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2023.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
17 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Gendered impact of the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic on women and girls. Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic.
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 June 2023
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
She Pays the Highest Price: The Toll of Conflict on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Northwest Syria
Source:
Physicians for Human Rights et al.
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
How is Violence Against Women Written into Syrian Laws and Society?
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Voices from Syria 2024: Assessment Findings of the Humanitarian Needs Overview
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
10 November 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
6 March 2019
Accessed Date:
17 September 2019
Title:
“It Was Really Hard to Protect Myself”: Impact of the Armed Conflict in Syria on Children with Disabilities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 September 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
SNHR's 13th Annual Report on Violations Against Females in Syria
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 November 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
17 September 2019
Title:
“They Treated Us in Monstrous Ways”: Sexual Violence Against Men, Boys, and Transgender Women in the Syrian Conflict
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 July 2020
Author:
Zeynep Pınar Erdem
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Syria. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
7 January 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Syria: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Information on the opposition forces involved in abductions and extortions and their areas of operation in the country; frequency of abductions and extortions of civilians committed by rebel groups; whether rebel groups target particular ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
Accessed Date:
27 September 2017
Title:
Syria: Recruitment to Opposition Groups
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
“My Son is Just Another Kid”: Experiences of Children Repatriated from Camps for ISIS Suspects and Their Families in Northeast Syria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 November 2022
Editor:
Bede Sheppard; Tom Porteous
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
SNHR's Ninth Annual Report on the Most Notable Violations by Russian Forces Since the Launch of Russia's Military Intervention in Syria on September 30, 2015
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
30 September 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Islamic State reactivating fighters, eying comeback in Syria and Iraq
Date of Document:
12 June 2025
Author:
Ahmed Rasheed et al.
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syria. Global Organized Crime Index 2025.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
November 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Containing a Resilient ISIS in Central and North-eastern Syria. Middle East Report N°236.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 July 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
ISIS is on the ropes in Syria. A successful transition in Damascus could deliver a knockout blow
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
14 April 2025
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syria: End Coastal Killing Spree, Protect Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 March 2025
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Smoke and mirrors: The Syrian regime's dubious anti-drug campaigns
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
11 July 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Security, military service and the situation of certain profiles
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
September 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrie : La brigade 55 de la 24e division de l'armée de l'air
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Military service
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Military service
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office. Version 1.0.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Syria: Military Recruitment in North and East Syria
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : report du service militaire pour les étudiants
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
11 June 2019
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Syrie: recrutement de Kurdes apatrides dans l'armée syrienne
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
21 January 2019
Accessed Date:
17 September 2019
Title:
Syria: Military recruitment in Hasakah Governorate
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Northeast Syria: Military Recruitment of Children Persists
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 October 2024
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Military service: recruitment procedure, conscripts' duties and military service for naturalised Ajanibs
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
July 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Syria. Aftermath: Injustice, torture and death in detention in north-east Syria.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
17 April 2024
Accessed Date:
4 December 2024
Title:
An Instrument of Death and Disappearance: How the Syrian Regime Uses Military Field Courts Against Activists and Dissidents
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 September 2023
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
New law paves way for justice for prisoners convicted in flawed trials in north-east Syria
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 July 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Truth Still Buried: The struggle for justice of disappeared people's families in Syria
Source:
Amnesy International
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 February 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
New Information Reveals the Deaths of Thousands of Forcibly Disappeared Persons in the Detention Centers of the Former Syrian Regime Raising the Death Toll to 45,342
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
On the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: SNHR has documented the death of 15,383 Syrians under torture since March 2011, with 157,287 still detained and/or forcibly disappeared
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : Le Haut conseil judiciaire issu de l'opposition
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 March 2022
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Torture in Syrian Prisons is Not a Joke: Syria Passes Law Criminalizing Torture
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 April 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Case Study: The Laws and Mechanisms Underlying the Death Penalty in Syria
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
October 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Syrie : Les “ chabbiha “ ou miliciens pro-régime
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 November 2017
Accessed Date:
20 December 2024
Title:
Northeast Syria: Fate of Hundreds of Boys Trapped in Siege Unknown
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
4 February 2022
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
SNHR's 13th Annual Report on Enforced Disappearance in Syria on the International Day of the Disappeared: Enforced Disappearance is an Ongoing Crime in Syria
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
30 August 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria: The Special Forces and the elite units
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
April 2023
Accessed Date:
8 December 2023
Title:
“Are you Alawi?”: Identity-Based Killings During Syria's Transition
Source:
Human Rights Watch et al.
Date of Document:
23 September 2025
Author:
Hiba Zayadin et al.
Editor:
Hiba Zayadin et al.
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
The Syrian Regime's Law No. 19 of 2024 on Establishing a Media Ministry Blatantly Violates Freedom of Media, Opinion, and Expression
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
On World Press Freedom Day: 717 Journalists and Media Workers Have Been Documented as Killed by the Parties to the Conflict and Controlling Forces in Syria Since March 2011, Including 53 Who Died due Torture
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
3 May 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. World Press Freedom Index 2025.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syria. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Murshidis [Murshidiyya], including their treatment, particularly in the city of Latakia (2014–April 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 April 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2016
Title:
The situation of Shias and Alawites, including treatment by authorities and insurgents; whether insurgents consider Shias and Alawites to be loyal to President al-Assad (March 2011–May 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 June 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2013
Title:
Situation of atheists or individuals who are perceived to be atheists; treatment by society and authorities; state protection available (2013–July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 August 2015
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Title:
The situation of Christians, including whether Christians are perceived to be loyal to President Assad; treatment of Christians by the regime and the opposition forces, including incidents of violence against them; state protection (2013–July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 August 2015
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Title:
Syrie : Situation des Syriens convertis de l'islam vers le christianisme
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 February 2023
Accessed Date:
8 December 2023
Title:
Egypt and Syria: Beliefs and practices of Coptic Christians in Egypt and Syriac Orthodox Christians in Syria, including sacraments, holy days, symbols and official documents; history and structure of the Coptic Church and Syriac Church, including leadership
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 October 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Syria. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2025 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation. Islamic Institutions in Arab States: Mapping the Dynamics of Control, Co-option, and Contention.
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
7 June 2021
Author:
Thomas Pierret; Laila Alrefaai
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Christians in Syria: Current Situation and Future Outlook
Source:
Konrad Adenauer Stiftung
Date of Document:
7 February 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Factsheet: Religious Freedom in Syria
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syrie : Les communautés ethniques et religieuses depuis le début du conflit
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 November 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Alawites and Actual or Perceived Assadists. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Religious minorities. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syrian Alawites flee to Lebanon, with little aid to meet them
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
4 June 2025
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Syrie : situation d'une femme yézidie seule à Afrin
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
28 February 2023
Accessed Date:
8 December 2023
Title:
Syria: Palestinians in Damascus and Rural Damascus governorates
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Situation of the Druze, including whether they are perceived to be loyal to President Assad by the insurgent groups; treatment by the authorities and the insurgent groups (January 2015–November 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2015
Accessed Date:
17 December 2015
Title:
Syria. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syria: New investigation reveals evidence government and affiliated forces extrajudicially executed dozens of Druze people in Suwayda
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
2 September 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Kurdish political parties in Syria. The Kurds: History, Religion, Language, Politics
Source:
Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, COI unit
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Syrie/ Turquie: Les Kurdes de Syrie dans les régions occupées par les forces armée turques et les milices soutenues par la Turquie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 March 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Kurds and Kurdish areas. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic. UNHCR-supported Voluntary Repatriation of Syrian refugees Lebanon - September 2025.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2025
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic. Overview of Refugee and Asylum-Seeker Population As of (1st Sep 2024).
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
9 September 2024
Accessed Date:
4 December 2024
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Syria: Situation of returnees from abroad.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Treatment of returnees upon arrival at Damascus International Airport and international land border crossing points, including failed refugee claimants, people who exited the country illegally, and people who have not completed military service...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 January 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2016
Title:
Northeast Syria: Camp Detainees Face Uncertain Future
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 February 2025
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
“You're Going to Your Death”: Violations Against Syrian Refugees Returning to Syria
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 September 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
2024 Q2 (April - June) Displacement Update - North West Syria
Source:
The Global Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Date of Document:
15 August 2024
Accessed Date:
4 December 2024
Title:
Trapped in Between Lebanon and Syria: The Absence of Durable Solutions for Syria's Refugees
Source:
Refugee Protection Watch
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Syria: Security clearance and status settlement for returnees
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Position paper on perspectives of forced displaced Syrian women on their conditions, rights, and demands
Source:
Women Now for Development
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Syrians Fleeing Lebanon Risk Repression Upon Return
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 October 2024
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Consequences of leaving a public sector position without notice
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service
Date of Document:
April 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Exit controls and procedures at Damascus International Airport, including whether a foreigner's passport is stamped upon departure; whether airport authorities verify upon departure if a foreigner entered the country legally, including consequences ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Syria: Internally displaced persons, returnees and internal mobility.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Türkiye: Syrians in Türkiye – the Temporary Protection Regulation and its implementation
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
October 2023
Accessed Date:
12 December 2023
Title:
Turkey: Hundreds of Refugees Deported to Syria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 October 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Lebanon: Transit for Syrians and Palestinians from Syria (PRS)
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
September 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria: Treatment upon return
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Shaken to the Core in Syria
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
August 2023
Author:
Clémentine André; Katharina Borsig
Accessed Date:
20 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Israel Forcibly Displaces Villagers in Occupied South
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 September 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Issues regarding return
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Returnees after fall of Al-Assad regime. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
On World Refugee Day: Syria is Still Unsafe, The Return of Millions of Refugees Hinges on Realizing a Democratic Political Change
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 June 2023
Accessed Date:
8 December 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2025:
Title:
Syria: Country Focus. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
October 2024
URL:
https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2024-10/2024_10_EUAA_COI_Report_Syria_Country_Focus.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Syria. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 March 2025
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/
Accessed Date:
21 March 2025
Title:
Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
8 November 2022
Author:
Christopher M. Blanchard
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33487
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria. Health Sector Bulletin: August 2024.
Date of Document:
August 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/80688065-d7a0-45d6-88db-b4585d397743/Health%20Sector%20Bulletin%20August%202024.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Syria. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Freedom in the World 2024.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2024
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
13th Annual Report. Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2023: Political Transition and Progress Towards Democracy is the Only Way to End Violations in Syria.
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
23 January 2024
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/R231210E.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Syria.html
Accessed Date:
16 December 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Syrian Arab Republic: People's Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/node/168/elections/election-results?chamber_id=13498
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/syria/
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/country/syria
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/syria
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2024 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
1 May 2024
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Syria.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2019
URL:
http://minorityrights.org/country/syria/
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria: The 75-Day Siege of Daraa al-Balad
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://stj-sy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/The-75-Day-Siege-of-Daraa-al-Balad.pdf
Accessed Date:
1 December 2022
Title:
Syrian fighters name Mohammed al-Bashir as caretaker prime minister
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
URL:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/10/rebel-backed-mohamed-al-bashir-appointed-syrias-caretaker-prime-minister
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : Situation dans le gouvernorat d'Idlib depuis 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2304_syr_situation_gouvernorat_idlib_2016__158741_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
From Syrian jihadist leader to rebel politician: How Abu Mohammed al-Jolani reinvented himself
Source:
British Broadcasting Corporation
Date of Document:
8 December 2024
URL:
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0q0w1g8zqvo
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Whole of Syria. Cholera Outbreak Situation Report No. 21.
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund et al.
Date of Document:
23 November 2023
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/attachments/f4c46053-b0da-4994-aa16-3525dbd34c6d/Cholera%20Outbreak%20Situation%20Report%20no.%2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : Situation dans les zones reconquises par les forces pro-régime depuis 2020 : Alep, Homs, Damas et sa campagne (Rif de Damas), Idlib, Deraa et Qouneitra
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
13 December 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2212_syr_zones_reconquises_par_le_regime_156325_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic. Humanitarian Needs Overview 2024.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2024
URL:
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4059256/files/Syria%2520HNO%25202024_EN.pdf?ln=en
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Rapid needs assessment in response to conflict escalation in Greater Idleb
Date of Document:
18 October 2023
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/2724c5ea-33cd-452c-994d-275cbf6854a8/RNA_NWS_Escalation_Brief_V3-2.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syria: Security situation. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
22 October 2024
URL:
https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2024-10/2024-10-EUAA_COI_Report_Syria_Security_Situation_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
4 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Socio-economic situation in Damascus City. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
August 2022
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2022_08_EUAA_COI_Report_Syria_Socio_economic_situation_in_Damascus_city.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2022
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Syria: Actors.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
December 2019
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2021861/2019_12_EASO_COI_Report_Syria_Actors.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Russia gave asylum to deposed Syrian President al-Assad, Kremlin confirms
Date of Document:
9 December 2024
URL:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/9/russia-gave-asylum-to-deposed-syrian-president-al-assad-kremlin-confirms
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Security and Socioeconomic Situation in Homs Governorate
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
May 2022
URL:
https://us.dk/media/epudgiwp/coi_report_syria_homs_may_2022.pdf
Accessed Date:
2 December 2022
Title:
Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 August 2023
Author:
Christopher M. Blanchard
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11080
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syria: Ruling over Aleppo's Ruins. Middle East Report N°234.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
9 May 2022
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/syria/syria-ruling-over-aleppos-ruins
Accessed Date:
2 December 2022
Title:
Syria's Kurds faced with all-out war as Turkey, Sunni allies target Kobani
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
URL:
https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/12/syrias-kurds-faced-all-out-war-turkey-sunni-allies-target-kobani
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Northwest Syria: Government Uses Cluster Munitions
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 November 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/05/northwest-syria-government-uses-cluster-munitions
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syria: Civilian Homes Demolished in Security Operation
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 November 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/11/01/syria-civilian-homes-demolished-security-operation
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Northeast Syria: Turkish Strikes Disrupt Water, Electricity
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 October 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/26/northeast-syria-turkish-strikes-disrupt-water-electricity
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
North-West Syria. Situation Report.
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
18 October 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/north-west-syria-escalation-hostilities-flash-update-no-2-2-december-2024-enar
Accessed Date:
2 December 2024
Title:
Israel seizing on Syria chaos to strike military assets
Source:
British Broadcasting Corporation
Date of Document:
11 December 2024
URL:
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdx921zreweo
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic: Flash Update No. 4 on the recent developments in Syria (As of 10 December 2024)
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/attachments/809146f3-f53c-4ad1-8cea-1c51c3b45214/Syria-FlashUpdate4-fin-2.pdf
Accessed Date:
21 March 2025
Title:
Priorities after Assad's Fall
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/syria/priorities-after-assads-fall
Accessed Date:
21 March 2025
Title:
The Alawites caught between revenge and a new Syria
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
26 March 2025
URL:
https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/03/26/alawites-caught-between-revenge-and-new-syria
Accessed Date:
27 March 2025
Title:
Syria flashes signs of peril and promise in a week of violence and diplomacy
Date of Document:
13 March 2025
URL:
https://apnews.com/article/syria-killings-al-sharaa-alawites-sanctions-4fe1c4fa844bc5b8b30f4d70d2a74fa8
Accessed Date:
21 March 2025
Title:
Welcome No More: How Turkey Targets Increasingly Vulnerable Syrians
Source:
Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
11 October 2023
Author:
Elise Daniaud Oudeh; Hussam al-Nahar
URL:
https://timep.org/2023/10/11/welcome-no-more-how-turkey-targets-increasingly-vulnerable-syrians/
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
14 August 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/54/58
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
12 August 2024
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/57/86
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Election for President of 26 May 2021.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3615/
Accessed Date:
16 December 2021
Title:
Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
28 January 2021
Author:
Karam Shaar; Samy Akil
URL:
https://www.mei.edu/publications/inside-syrias-clapping-chamber-dynamics-2020-parliamentary-elections
Accessed Date:
16 December 2021
Title:
Assessment of the Syrian 2021 Presidential Election
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems
Date of Document:
December 2021
URL:
https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/migrate/ifes_syrian_assessment_of_the_2021_presidential_election_final.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Kurdish-led SDF agrees to integrate with Syrian government forces
Source:
British Broadcasting Corporation
Date of Document:
11 March 2025
Author:
David Gritten; Lina Sinjab
URL:
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cedlx0511w7o
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
On International Women's Day: The Devastating Earthquake that Hit Northwestern Syria Has Exacerbated the Dire Situation of Women, With No Fewer than 35,000 Women Losing Their Homes in the Earthquake
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
8 March 2023
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/R230304E.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Sacrificing the Future to Survive the Present: Findings from the whole of Syria. Rapid Gender Analysis.
Date of Document:
April 2022
Editor:
Zenab Bagha; Johanna Wynn Mitscherlich
URL:
https://www.care-international.org/sites/default/files/2022-08/Rapid%20Gender%20Analysis_Syria_Whole%20country.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
27 October 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2023/805
Accessed Date:
12 December 2023
Title:
Syria: 185 Cases of “Honor Killing” since 2019
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
25 November 2022
URL:
https://stj-sy.org/en/syria-185-cases-of-honor-killing-since-2019/
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syrie : La situation sécuritaire dans le gouvernorat de Deraa entre juin 2018 et septembre 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 January 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2201_syr_deraa_114449_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/syria/
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
June 2020
URL:
https://www.nyidanmark.dk/-/media/Files/US/Landenotater/COI_brief_report_Islamic_State_in_Syria_June_2020.pdf?la=en-GB&hash=4D6D0600E943D0BCCDFEB918EE8E941CB8DE9ADD
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Syria: Military Service. Report based on a fact-finding mission to Istanbul and Beirut (17-25 February 2020).
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
May 2020
URL:
https://www.nyidanmark.dk/-/media/Files/US/Landerapporter/Report_Syria_Military_Service_may_2020.pdf?la=en-GB&hash=7D2747090A3711EAD308A188A442B8F7D71D9F42
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Changes to legal exemptions from compulsory military service, including implementation (January–July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 September 2017
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457214
Accessed Date:
27 September 2017
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Syria: Military service.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
April 2021
URL:
https://euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2021_04_EASO_COI_Report_Military_Service.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
At Least 156 Children Still Conscripted by Syrian Democratic Forces
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/pdf/english/At_Least_156_Children_Still_Conscripted_by_Syrian_Democratic_Forces_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Detention in the Syrian Arab Republic: A Way Forward
Source:
United Nations. Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic.
Date of Document:
8 March 2018
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoISyria/AWayForward_DetentionInSyria.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2018
Title:
The Syrian Regime is Accused of Killing 15,051 Individuals, Including 190 Children and 94 Women, Under Torture in Its Detention Centers Since March 2011, While Nearly 136,000 Remain Forcibly Disappeared
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
10 October 2023
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/R231007E.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Syrian leader signs constitution that puts the country under an Islamist group's rule for 5 years
Date of Document:
13 March 2025
Author:
Ghaith Alsayed; Kareem Chehayeb
URL:
https://apnews.com/article/syria-constitution-assad-alsharaa-4caa2074f20155c2399451d9669e435b
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Policy Brief: Summer 2022. Dispossession in Syria: A Fundamental Piece of the Accountability Puzzle.
Source:
International Legal Assistance Consortium
URL:
https://ilacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ILAC_Syria-Dispossession-in-Syria_Brief_2022.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
Assad Rex? Assessing the autonomy of Syrian armed groups fighting for the regime
Source:
Clingendael: Netherlands Institute of International Relations
Date of Document:
September 2017
URL:
https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-09/PB_Autonomy_Syrian_militias_NG.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2018
Title:
Syria. Freedom on the Net 2020.
Editor:
Elisha Aaron et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-net/2020
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Idlib's Druze Complain of Persecution
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
November 2022
URL:
https://stj-sy.org/en/idlibs-druze-complain-of-persecution/
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
“Our Lives Are Like Death”: Syrian Refugee Returns from Lebanon and Jordan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/10/20/our-lives-are-death/syrian-refugee-returns-lebanon-and-jordan
Accessed Date:
13 December 2021
Title:
Returnees in Syria: Sustainable reintegration and durable solutions, or a return to displacement?
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
November 2017
URL:
http://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/20171130-idmc-syria-case-study.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2018
Title:
Easing Syrian Refugees' Plight in Lebanon. Middle East Report N°211.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
13 February 2020
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/eastern-mediterranean/lebanon/211-easing-syrian-refugees-plight-lebanon
Accessed Date:
9 December 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Returnees. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2022
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-returnees-syria-june-2022-accessible
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Syria: Which groups have been fighting each other and where?
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Date of Document:
11 December 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/12/11/syria-which-groups-have-been-fighting-each-other-and-where/
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Syria: Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
1 October 2025
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_10_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Q33_Syria_Major_Human_rights.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
The End of Assad: A New Chapter in Syrian History
Source:
Italian Institute for International Political Studies
Date of Document:
8 December 2024
URL:
https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/the-end-of-assad-a-new-chapter-in-syrian-history-193946
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: Parties to Conflict Aggravate Cholera Epidemic
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 November 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/11/07/syria-parties-conflict-aggravate-cholera-epidemic
Accessed Date:
8 December 2022
Title:
Country of Origin Information: Thematic COI Report. Security situation in North and East Syria before the downfall of the Assad government.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service; Swedish Migration Agency
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://us.dk/media/14pkvx2b/thematic-report-feb-2025_security-situation-in-n-and-e-syria-before-the-downfall-of-assad-government.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
“Everything is by the Power of the Weapon”: Abuses and Impunity in Turkish-Occupied Northern Syria
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
Editor:
Adam Coogle; Tom Porteous
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/02/29/everything-power-weapon/abuses-and-impunity-turkish-occupied-northern-syria
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syria. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/syria
Accessed Date:
19 May 2024
Title:
Syria. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2023.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
17 June 2024
URL:
https://webfs.oecd.org/devsigi/SIGI%202023%20Country%20Profiles/MENA/country_profile_SYR_Syria.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
SNHR's 13th Annual Report on Violations Against Females in Syria
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 November 2024
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/R241106E.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 December 2024
Title:
Syria: End Coastal Killing Spree, Protect Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 March 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/03/10/syria-end-coastal-killing-spree-protect-civilians
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Syrie : La brigade 55 de la 24e division de l'armée de l'air
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 June 2024
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2406_syr_brigade_55_162752_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Syrie : Le Haut conseil judiciaire issu de l'opposition
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 March 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2203_syr_haut_conseil_judiciaire_155719_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 December 2023
Title:
The Syrian Regime's Law No. 19 of 2024 on Establishing a Media Ministry Blatantly Violates Freedom of Media, Opinion, and Expression
Source:
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 June 2024
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/R240606E.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 December 2024
Title:
Northeast Syria: Camp Detainees Face Uncertain Future
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 February 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/02/07/northeast-syria-camp-detainees-face-uncertain-future
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
“Living Between Hope and Fear”: Testimonies Documenting the Persistence of Enforced Disappearance in Post-Assad Syria
Source:
Syrians For Truth and Justice
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
URL:
https://stj-sy.org/en/living-between-hope-and-fear-testimonies-documenting-the-persistence-of-enforced-disappearance-in-post-assad-syria/
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Situation Report No. 5 (As of 28 April 2025)
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
8 May 2025
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-humanitarian-situation-report-no-5-28-april-2025
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Security situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-security-situation-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Landmines, Explosive Remnants Harming Civilians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 April 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/04/08/syria-landmines-explosive-remnants-harming-civilians
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrie : Point de situation à la suite de la chute de l'Etat baathiste et de son président, Bachar al-Assad
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 February 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2502_syr_point_de_situation_164710_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Beyond Return: Ensuring sustainable recovery & (re)- integration in Syria
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
May 2025
URL:
https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/beyond-return-ensuring-sustainable-recovery--re-integration-in-syria/2025-returns-and-reintegration.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Humanitarian Situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-and-policy-information-note-humanitarian-situation-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Humanitarian Situation Overview of Syria
Source:
REACH Initiative
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://repository.impact-initiatives.org/document/impact/a7613f36/REACH-Syria-HSOS-Analysis-July-2025.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Security situation
Source:
Danemark. Danish Immigration Service
Date of Document:
June 2025
URL:
https://us.dk/media/uhxnvfwp/syria-security-situation-final-20062025.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria. Socio-Economic Survey 2025.
Source:
Austria. Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum.
Date of Document:
24 October 2025
Author:
Monika Potkanski-Palka
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/austria/PLib/2025-10-24_COI_CMS_Dossier%20Socio-Economic%20Survey%202025%20-%20SYRIA_Version_1.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
A Compromise is Urgently Needed in Southern Syria
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 July 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/syria/compromise-urgently-needed-southern-syria
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Syria. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/syria/
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Abuses, Humanitarian Emergency Amid Sweida Clashes
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 July 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/07/22/syria-abuses-humanitarian-emergency-amid-sweida-clashes
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 March 2025
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/58/66
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrie: L'enregistrement a posteriori auprès des autorités des mariages et des divorces non enregistrés du fait du conflit depuis 2011
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 October 2024
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2410_syr_mariage_163688_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
FALQs: The Interim Constitutional Declaration of the New Syrian Government
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
5 August 2025
URL:
https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2025/08/falqs-the-interim-constitutional-declaration-of-the-new-syrian-government/
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria's 2025 Elections: Legitimacy and Representation
Date of Document:
17 September 2025
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrias-2025-elections-legitimacy-and-representation
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrie: Le ministère de l'Intérieur
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 September 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2509_syr_le_ministere_de_l%E2%80%99interieur_166339_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syrian Kurdish forces reach agreement with Damascus to merge with national army, commander says
Date of Document:
16 October 2025
URL:
https://apnews.com/article/syria-kurds-sdf-mazloum-abdi-army-merger-alsharaa-8de0ee121b7a475fbbc27cbe46784f32
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria: Constitutional Declaration Risks Endangering Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/03/25/syria-constitutional-declaration-risks-endangering-rights
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
Date of Document:
13 March 2025
URL:
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20%28English%29.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Syria's Transitional Phase: “Honor” Killings Persist Amid Failing Protection and Legal Response
Source:
Syrians For Truth & Justice
Date of Document:
June 2025
URL:
https://stj-sy.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Honor-Killings-Persist-Amid-Failing-Protection-and-Legal-Response.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Title:
Children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
28 August 2025
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2025/535
Accessed Date:
8 December 2025
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
7 January 2025
URL:
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/syria/
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Islamic State reactivating fighters, eying comeback in Syria and Iraq
Date of Document:
12 June 2025
Author:
Ahmed Rasheed et al.
URL:
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/islamic-state-reactivating-fighters-eying-comeback-syria-iraq-2025-06-12/
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
ISIS is on the ropes in Syria. A successful transition in Damascus could deliver a knockout blow
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
14 April 2025
URL:
https://www.mei.edu/publications/isis-ropes-syria-successful-transition-damascus-could-deliver-knockout-blow
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syria: Security, military service and the situation of certain profiles
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
September 2025
URL:
https://us.dk/media/nfodu2ui/syria-security-military-service-and-the-situation-of-certain-profiles.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Military service
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office. Version 1.0.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-military-service-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Northeast Syria: Military Recruitment of Children Persists
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 October 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/02/northeast-syria-military-recruitment-children-persists
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Truth Still Buried: The struggle for justice of disappeared people's families in Syria
Source:
Amnesy International
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde24/0167/2025/en/
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
New Information Reveals the Deaths of Thousands of Forcibly Disappeared Persons in the Detention Centers of the Former Syrian Regime Raising the Death Toll to 45,342
Source:
Syrians for Truth and Justice
URL:
https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/R250611E.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
“Are you Alawi?”: Identity-Based Killings During Syria's Transition
Source:
Human Rights Watch et al.
Date of Document:
23 September 2025
Author:
Hiba Zayadin et al.
Editor:
Hiba Zayadin et al.
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2025/09/syria0925%20web.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Alawites and Actual or Perceived Assadists. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-alawites-and-actual-or-perceived-assadists-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Religious minorities. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-religious-minorities-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syrian Alawites flee to Lebanon, with little aid to meet them
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
4 June 2025
URL:
https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2025/06/04/syrian-alawites-flee-lebanon-little-aid-meet-them
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syria: New investigation reveals evidence government and affiliated forces extrajudicially executed dozens of Druze people in Suwayda
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
2 September 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/09/syria-new-investigation-reveals-evidence-government-and-affiliated-forces-extrajudicially-executed-dozens-of-druze-people-in-suwayda/
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Syrie/ Turquie: Les Kurdes de Syrie dans les régions occupées par les forces armée turques et les milices soutenues par la Turquie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 March 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2503_syr_kurdes_occupation_turque_depuis_2018_164965_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Kurds and Kurdish areas. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-kurds-and-kurdish-areas-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
15 December 2025
Title:
Syrian Arab Republic. UNHCR-supported Voluntary Repatriation of Syrian refugees Lebanon - September 2025.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2025
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/119001
Accessed Date:
9 December 2025
Title:
Syria: Israel Forcibly Displaces Villagers in Occupied South
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 September 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/17/syria-israel-forcibly-displaces-villagers-in-occupied-south
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Syria: Returnees after fall of Al-Assad regime. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2025
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/syria-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-returnees-after-fall-of-al-assad-regime-syria-july-2025-accessible
Accessed Date:
30 November 2025
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