National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 April 2025
NEPAL
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2007
Accessed Date:
14 February 2013
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on his visit to Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
13 May 2022
Accessed Date:
11 April 2023
Title:
Nepal. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 April 2025
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: Administrative Unit Map
Source:
United Nations. Nepal Information Platform.
Date of Document:
6 November 2017
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
Road Distances of Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Resident Coordinator's Office Nepal.
Date of Document:
22 August 2011
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Nepal
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
1 March 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
7 September 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 January 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Disaster Displacement: Nepal Country Briefing
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.; Asian Development Bank
Author:
Christelle Cazabat et al.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal's Constitution and Federalism: Vision and Implementation
Source:
The Asia Foundation
Date of Document:
May 2020
Author:
Subash Chandra Nembang et al.
Editor:
Dil Kumari Rawal Thapa; Ram Guragain
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
No Law, No Justice, No State for Victims: The Culture of Impunity in Post-Conflict Nepal
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Advocacy Forum
Date of Document:
November 2020
Editor:
Meenakshi Ganguly
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
9 August 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
23 October 2023
Author:
Maria A. Blackwood
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Insight and challenges: mental health services in Nepal
Source:
BJPsych International
Date of Document:
May 2021
Author:
Yugesh Rai et al.
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal. The State of Conflict and Violence in Asia 2021: Identity-based Conflict and Extremism.
Source:
The Asia Foundation
Author:
Adam Burke et al.
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal's Social Protection System Reinforces Inequality
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 February 2023
Accessed Date:
11 April 2023
Title:
Nepal. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
29 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
29 April 2025
Title:
Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2025: Political Maneuvering in Transitional Justice
Source:
Informal Sector Service Centre
Date of Document:
19 February 2025
Editor:
Madan Paudel et al.
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Achieving Justice for Gross Human Rights Violations in Nepal
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Nepal. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
State of Implementation of International Human Rights Standards in Nepal and the Implications for Minorities. South Asia State of Minorities Report 2022: Weakening Human Rights Commitments and Its Impact on Minorities.
Source:
South Asia Collective
Date of Document:
February 2023
Author:
Apurwa Baral et al.
Editor:
Sanjit Shrestha et al.
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Nepal. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
29 April 2024
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants on his mission to Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 April 2018
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Right to Food in Nepal: Analysis of the Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Act 2018
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 April 2019
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Human Rights and the Rule of Law in a Federal Nepal: Recommendations from an ICJ High-Level Mission
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
10 July 2020
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Nepal
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/NPL/1
Date of Document:
3 November 2020
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/NPL/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
29 October 2020
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Nepal
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/NPL/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
5 November 2020
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
Nepal: Government must fulfil its promise and end the use of torture and other ill-treatment
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: District Court's historic verdict a welcome step for justice for Dalit community
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 December 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: New Government Should Address Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 July 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Breaking Barriers to Justice: Nepal's Long Struggle for Accountability, Truth and Reparations
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Nepal Citizenship Act 2063 (2006)
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Identity documents, including citizenship certificates, birth certificates, driver's licences, and biometric identification cards (2012-April 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 April 2019
Accessed Date:
10 October 2019
Title:
Identity documents in Nepal, including citizenship certificates, birth certificates, driver's licences, and biometric identification cards, and the names of the agencies that issue them
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Situation of Tibetans with a Refugee Identity Card (RIC) [Refugee Card (RC); Refugee Identification Certificate (RC)], including social, legal, and mobility rights; conditions and instances under which status given by the RIC is lost; requirements...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 January 2015
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Title:
Prevalence and availability of fraudulent documents such as police certificates and reports, medical reports or hospital records, employment records and certificates (2014- June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
Whether an individual born in Nepal to Tibetan parents would be eligible for Nepali citizenship, including requirements and procedures; if citizenship by birth is not applicable to said individual, other options available to that person for...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 August 2013
Accessed Date:
26 February 2014
Title:
Machine-readable passports, including whether previously issued passports are still valid; requirements and procedures to obtain them, processing times, and sample copies
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 February 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Birth and Marriage Registration in Nepal: Understanding Trends, Causes, Barriers and Impacts
Source:
Forum for Women, Law and Development
Date of Document:
26 December 2018
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Nepal: President Authenticates New Amendment to Citizenship Act
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
27 June 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Népal : Les poursuites judiciaires et actions de police à l'encontre de l'Alliance pour le Madhesh indépendant (Alliance for Independent Madhesh, AIM) et de ses militants, dont son président, Chandra Kant Raut
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 April 2018
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Monitoring Political Disorder in Nepal: A Joint ACLED, COCAP, and CSC Report
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
5 May 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Nepal: House of Representatives.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Election results. Nepal: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: Transitional Justice Bill Needs to Protect Victims, not Abusers; Proposed Law Disregards Domestic and International Legal Standards
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 March 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Political situation; treatment and situation of supporters and members of political parties, including the Nepali Congress (NC), the Nepal Tarun Dal [youth wing of NC], and the National Democratic Party (Rastriya Prajantra Party, RPP) ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2022
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Instances of kidnapping and extortion by Maoist groups and affiliated student groups, including targeting of the Nepal Congress (NC) party and pro-monarchists; instances of land capture by Maoist groups; availability and effectiveness of...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2015
Accessed Date:
16 March 2016
Title:
Threat letters issued by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) CPN-M), Unified Communist Party of Nepal (UCPN), and Young Communist League (YCL) groups, including prevalence; whether regional commanders issue threat letters ordering households to joi...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
Information on the Human Rights Organization of Nepal (HURON), including location of the office, listings of leaders and staff; whether HURON issues letters of support for people who are political targets or victims of attacks by Maoist groups...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 August 2016
Accessed Date:
15 March 2017
Title:
The Nepal Family Party (Nepal Parivar [Pariwar] Dal, NPD), including leadership, membership, objectives, political platform, and activities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including documents issued to ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 November 2018
Accessed Date:
26 April 2019
Title:
Political Parties, Old and New. Accord Issue 26.
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Date of Document:
26 March 2017
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Can Nepal's Latest Citizen-Led Street Protests Shake Things Up? Politics of Opposition in South Asia.
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
27 January 2022
Editor:
Paul Staniland; Milan Vaishav
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Nepal: Political Affiliation. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
The Ordeals of Nepal's Victims of Torture and Conflict-era sexual Violence. Women Break the Silence: Gender-Based Torture in Asia.
Source:
World Organisation Against Torture; Philippine Alliance for Human Rights Advocates
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
28 February 2025
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Shadow Report on Seventh Periodic Report of Nepal on CEDAW
Source:
Forum for Women, Law and Development
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Sexual Violence in Nepal: Legal and Other Barriers to Justice for Survivors
Source:
Equality Now; Women for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 April 2021
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Promoting Gender Equality and Social Inclusion: Nepal's Commitments and Obligations
Source:
International Institute for Human Rights, Environment and Development
Date of Document:
15 August 2018
Editor:
Shreejana Pokhrel; Gopal Krishna Siwakoti
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Practice and lived experience of menstrual exiles (Chhaupadi) among adolescent girls in far-western Nepal
Date of Document:
10 December 2018
Author:
Prabisha Amatya et al.
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Népal : Violences domestiques et conjugale faites aux femmes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on her visit to Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 June 2019
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Népal : Les femmes victimes de la traite des êtres humains à des fins d'exploitation sexuelle
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 May 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Nepal: Transitional Justice Mechanisms with a Gender Perspective
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
May 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Decriminalization of abortion in Nepal: Imperative to uphold women's rights
Source:
Center for Reproductive Rights
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal Study on Opportunities for Reparations for Victims and Survivors of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
Source:
International Center for Transitional Justice et al.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Under-reporting an Endemic: Analysis of News Reports on Violence against Women in Nepal
Source:
Democracy Resource Center et al.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Gender equality in numbers: Progress and challenges in achieving gender equality in Nepal
Source:
United Nations. UN Women.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Rapid Gender Analysis: Update 2021
Source:
CARE International
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by Nepal under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2022
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
3 August 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Civil Society's Submission for “List of Issues” on 7th Periodic Report of Nepal. Submitted to: 89th Pre-Sessional Working Group of CEDAW Committee.
Source:
CEDAW Shadow Report Committee; Forum for Women, Law and Development
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Replies of Nepal to the list of issues and questions in relation to its seventh periodic report
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Submission by National Human Rights Commission of Nepal (NHRCN) and National Women Commission (NWC) to Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Source:
National Human Rights Commission of Nepal
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Nepal: Information on Access to Healthcare.
Source:
The Refugee Documentation Centre Of Ireland
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: 2023 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
5 September 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Treatment of sexual minorities, including legislation, state protection, and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
“We Have to Beg So Many People”: Human Rights Violation in Nepal's Largest Gender Recognition Practices
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
February 2024
Editor:
Graeme Reid et al.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Discrimination and violence to Female Sex Workers and Third Gender Women Sex Workers of Nepal: Shadow Report
Source:
Society for Women Awareness Nepal
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Did Nepal Achieve Marriage Equality? Not Quite Yet
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 December 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Shadow Report on Nepal's Seventh Periodic Report on the Implementation of CEDAW (90th Session)
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association; Mitini Nepal.
Date of Document:
December 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Evidence to Action: Addressing Violence Against LGBTIQ+ People in Nepal
Source:
United Nations. UN Women Nepal.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Nepal: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Information on the Democratic Terai Liberation Front (Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, JTMM), including origins, structure, and activities (2002-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 September 2016
Accessed Date:
22 March 2017
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Nepal.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
20 December 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Vulnerability to Human Trafficking in Nepal from Enhanced Regional Connectivity
Date of Document:
December 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Researching the Legal System of Kingdom of Nepal
Date of Document:
February 2023
Author:
Sirjana Sharma Pokhrel; Md. Ershadul Karim
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Nepal: New Transitional Justice Law a Flawed Step Forward
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 August 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal's Constitution of 2015 with Amendments through 2016
Source:
Nepal; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Nepal: Protect Judicial Independence and Integrity
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 November 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal: 15 Years On, Act on Peace Agreement Pledges
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 November 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepal: Human Rights Commission's Integrity in Jeopardy
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 March 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. Nepal: Information on the treatment of detainees and prisoners.
Source:
Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland
Date of Document:
24 April 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Breaking Barriers to Justice: Nepal's Long Struggle for Accountability, Truth and Reparations
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: Police Allegedly Use Excessive Force on Protesters, Target Activists
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 October 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Nepali Police Kill Protester Demanding Protection from Tiger Attacks
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 June 2022
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Népal : Point de situation sur le Teraï
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 November 2018
Accessed Date:
16 April 2020
Title:
Unable or unwilling? Nirmala Panta Investigation Exposes Systemic Police Failures
Source:
Advocacy Forum- Nepal
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Népal : La législation envers les agents de l'État ayant participé à la guerre civile népalaise
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 June 2022
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Economic Slump Takes Toll on Sustainability of Free Media. Annual Media Report 2023.
Date of Document:
31 December 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: Country Report. Pressure & Polarisation: Powering Media Resistance in South Asia. 21st Annual South Asia Press Freedom Report 2022-2023.
Source:
International Federation of Journalists
Date of Document:
May 2023
Accessed Date:
29 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: Civic Freedoms at Risk with Tik Tok Ban, Social Media Directive and targeting of Journalists and Protesters
Date of Document:
2 February 2024
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: Revise cybersecurity policy to avoid further internet fragmentation
Date of Document:
30 August 2023
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Date of Document:
22 March 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Country Update: Nepal. Religious Freedom Conditions in Nepal.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
August 2023
Author:
Sema Hasan; Luke Wilson
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Nepal. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
Author:
Krishna B. Bhattachan
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Under China's Shadow: Mistreatment of Tibetans in Nepal
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
April 2014
Editor:
Sophie Richardson
Accessed Date:
20 March 2015
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Seventeenth to twenty-third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008. Nepal.
Date of Document:
20 February 2017
Accessed Date:
23 March 2017
Title:
Népal : Le travail forcé et la servitude pour dette
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 June 2020
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Violations in the name of conservation: “What crime had I committed by putting my feet on the land that I own?”
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 August 2021
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
The Protection of Dalit Rights in Nepal: Status and Way Forward
Source:
East Asia Institute
Date of Document:
23 June 2022
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
“No-One Cares”. Descent-Based Discrimination Against Dalits in Nepal
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 May 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Nepal and India: Status of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship (No. 1302), including implementation (2012-October 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 October 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
China, India, Nepal: Situation and treatment of Tibetans in China; treatment of returnees to China, including returnees from India and Nepal (2017–October 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 October 2020
Accessed Date:
21 October 2020
Title:
Languishing in Limbo: Tibetan Refugees in Nepal
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy; Asian Dignity Initiative
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Népal : La communauté tibétaine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 December 2019
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 April 2024:
Title:
Nepal. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
24 April 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Nepal
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
1 March 2019
URL:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/country-information-report-nepal.pdf
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Nepal. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
7 February 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/nepal
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
9 October 2023
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/nepal/presentation-du-nepal/
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 April 2024
Title:
Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2024: Federalism and Human Rights
Source:
Informal Sector Service Centre
Date of Document:
19 February 2024
Editor:
Madan Paudel et al.
URL:
https://www.insec.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Nepal-Human-Rights-Year-Book-2024-English_Full-Text.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/nepal
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Nepal.html
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
14 November 2018
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/NPL/CO/6
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Nepal: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/nepal/
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Nepal.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
15 August 2023
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/e2f3165d-d6c6-49e2-b43b-1c4d0973d346
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/nepal/
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on his visit to Nepal
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
13 May 2022
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/50/38/Add.2
Accessed Date:
11 April 2023
Title:
Nepal: Revise cybersecurity policy to avoid further internet fragmentation
Date of Document:
30 August 2023
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/nepal-revise-cybersecurity-policy-to-avoid-further-internet-fragmentation/
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Languishing in Limbo: Tibetan Refugees in Nepal
Source:
Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy; Asian Dignity Initiative
URL:
https://tchrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Languishing-in-Limbo-Tibetan-Refugees-in-Nepal.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal's Earthquake Survivors Need Relief Aid to Survive Winter
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 December 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/13/nepals-earthquake-survivors-need-relief-aid-survive-winter
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Népal. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
23 December 2023
URL:
https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/asie/nepal.htm
Accessed Date:
25 April 2024
Title:
Nepal: Justice Stalled for Conflict Victims. Amnesty International Submission for the UN Universal Periodic Review, 37th session of the UPR Working Group, January 2021.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 October 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ASA3132172020ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2021
Title:
The Nepal Peace Monitor: Annual Review 2020
Source:
Collective Campaign for Peace
URL:
https://nepalmonitor.org/uploads/images/analysis/media/1631688867-Annual-report-2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Gender and Nepal's transition from war
Source:
Conciliation Resources
Date of Document:
September 2017
Author:
Jeevan Baniya et al.
URL:
https://rc-services-assets.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Gender_and_Nepal%27s_transition_from_war_Accord_Spotlight.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 March 2018
Title:
Pursuing Truth, Justice, and Redress in Nepal: An Update on the Transitional Justice Process
Source:
The International Center for Transitional Justice
Date of Document:
February 2018
URL:
https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Briefing-Nepal-Justice-Truth-Reparations-Workshop-Feb-2018.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 April 2019
Title:
Unshackling Expression: A study on laws criminalising expression online in Asia
Date of Document:
25 November 2020
Author:
Rita Baramu; Dikshya Khadgi
URL:
https://www.apc.org/sites/default/files/Nepal_12.05.pdf
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Title:
Joint submission to the Universal Periodic Review of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 37th Session of the UPR Working Group, January 2021
Source:
Freedom Forum; Free Press Unlimited
URL:
http://freedomforum.org.np/download/nepals-upr-report-on-foe/?wpdmdl=4662&refresh=6021ed395cc1e1612836153
Accessed Date:
23 April 2021
Title:
Displacement Tracking Matrix. Flow Monitoring – Round IV.
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Date of Document:
November 2022
URL:
https://nepal.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1116/files/documents/DTM%20Round%20Four%20Report%20Nov%2024%202022.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 April 2023
Title:
Nepal: Government must fulfil its promise and end the use of torture and other ill-treatment
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa31/8210/2024/en/
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Breaking Barriers to Justice: Nepal's Long Struggle for Accountability, Truth and Reparations
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 March 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/03/05/breaking-barriers-justice/nepals-long-struggle-accountability-truth-and
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Election results. Nepal: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/NP/NP-UC01/
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Shadow Report on Seventh Periodic Report of Nepal on CEDAW
Source:
Forum for Women, Law and Development
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCEDAW%2FCSS%2FNPL%2F61759&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Replies of Nepal to the list of issues and questions in relation to its seventh periodic report
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Submission by National Human Rights Commission of Nepal (NHRCN) and National Women Commission (NWC) to Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
Source:
National Human Rights Commission of Nepal
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCEDAW%2FNHS%2FNPL%2F61750&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Nepal: Information on Access to Healthcare.
Source:
The Refugee Documentation Centre Of Ireland
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/ireland/PLib/2024_12_Nepal_Information_on_access_to_healthcare.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: 2023 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
5 September 2024
URL:
https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nepal
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Shadow Report on Nepal's Seventh Periodic Report on the Implementation of CEDAW (90th Session)
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association; Mitini Nepal.
Date of Document:
December 2024
URL:
https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCEDAW%2FCSS%2FNPL%2F61754&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Evidence to Action: Addressing Violence Against LGBTIQ+ People in Nepal
Source:
United Nations. UN Women Nepal.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://un.org.np/sites/default/files/doc_publication/2023-06/LGBTIQ%20Study%20Report-Final-web%20version-11%20June%202023%20evening.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: New Transitional Justice Law a Flawed Step Forward
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
20 August 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/08/nepal-new-transitional-justice-law-a-flawed-step-forward/
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Nepal: Information on the treatment of detainees and prisoners.
Source:
Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland
Date of Document:
24 April 2024
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/ireland/PLib/2024_04_Nepal_Detainees_and_prisoners.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal: World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/nepal
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
“No-One Cares”. Descent-Based Discrimination Against Dalits in Nepal
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 May 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ASA3179802024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Title:
Nepal. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2024
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/country/nepal/
Accessed Date:
22 April 2025
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.