National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2025
SUDAN
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
March 2012
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Sudan. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 March 2025
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: War Crimes in South Kordofan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Country Report. Updated Country Report on Darfur.
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Sudan: Inter-communal conflict – Jebel Moon, West Darfur Flash Update No. 03
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
14 March 2022
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Part 1: Humanitarian Needs. Sudan. Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan: Executive Summary.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
December 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
30 June 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Protection concerns: Ten months into the war.
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Query Response. The situation in Khartoum and Omdurman – An update (4th edition).
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
28 June 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Mental Health Atlas 2020 Country Profile: Sudan
Source:
United Nations. World Health Organization.
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
New Political Deal Amid Rising Disorder in Sudan
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
3 March 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Security Situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Humanitarian situation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2024
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan, Fourth Quarter 2022: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
12 April 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Darfur Town Destroyed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 July 2023
Author:
Mohamed Osman; Jean-Baptiste Gallopin
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Soudan : Situation sécuritaire après deux mois de conflit armé (15 avril – 16 juin 2023)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
23 June 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Soudan : Point de situation – Focus sur le Kordofan Sud et le Darfour Sud (avril – août 2023)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 September 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Situation in Abyei: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
16 October 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
20 February 2025
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Country Focus Report. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 May 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1: Sudan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/39/SDN/1
Date of Document:
27 August 2021
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Compilation on the Sudan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/39/SDN/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 August 2021
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Findings of the investigations conducted by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan into violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and related crimes, committed in the Sudan in th...
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 October 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Hundreds of Protesters Detained, Mistreated
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 April 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Sudan
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/39/SDN/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 August 2021
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Soudan : Le mouvement de contestation populaire (2018-2019)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 May 2021
Accessed Date:
23 March 2022
Title:
Sudan Change Now (SCN), including structure, leaders, objectives, activities, and membership procedures; treatment of members and supporters by the authorities (2015-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 December 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
The Nubian Congress, Ourbi Movement, and Dungala Movement including structure, leaders, objectives, activities, and branches; treatment of members by authorities and other groups (2014-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 November 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
Sudan: Investigate the killings of people after military crackdown against protesters
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 November 2021
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
“Death Came to Our Home': War Crimes and Civilian Suffering in Sudan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 August 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Final report of the Panel of Experts on the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
15 January 2024
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
(Post)-Covid19 era in Sudan: The urgency to unravel the torture and inhuman treatments system one year after the Transition
Source:
African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies; World Organisation Against Torture
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Sudan: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Situation in the Sudan and the activities of the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
13 November 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Overview of recent restrictions to civic freedoms
Date of Document:
October 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
The Sudanese Nationality Act 1994 And its amendments 2011 and 2018
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
National identity cards, including issuance procedures; information contained in the cards, including physical description (2001-June 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 July 2013
Accessed Date:
29 January 2014
Title:
Sudan. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Somalia and Sudan: Passports issued to Eritrean refugees by the governments of Somalia and Sudan (1960-1980)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 September 2018
Accessed Date:
18 June 2019
Title:
Whether a person born in Sudan to parents who are refugees is entitled to Sudanese citizenship; procedures and requirements to obtain citizenship; whether this applies to Eritrean nationals; efficacy of access to citizenship (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 February 2017
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a Sudanese passport, including business passports; information on appearance and security features; information on the prevalence of fraudulent passports (2015-2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2017
Accessed Date:
15 February 2018
Title:
Soudan/Soudan du Sud : La question de la nationalité au Soudan et au Soudan du Sud
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Sudan
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2022
Author:
Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Soudan : Les modalités du mariage (Célébration, procédure, enregistrement…)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
19 June 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Soudan: l'accès aux documents d'identité pour les déplacés internes (PDI)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 October 2022
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Civil Registration, Identity Documents and Passports
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
3 March 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Soudan : Les comités populaires (lajna sha'biya) à Khartoum sous le régime du président Omar el-Béchir
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 January 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Safeguarding Sudan's Revolution. Africa Report N°281.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
21 October 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Darfur after Bashir: Implications for Sudan's Transition and for the Region
Source:
United States Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
April 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
The Sudanese Congress Party, including origin, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including membership cards; treatment of party members and supporters by ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 March 2017
Accessed Date:
15 February 2018
Title:
Information on the Broad National Front (BNF), including its establishment, leadership, structure, membership requirements, purpose and mandate, areas of operation, and perception and treatment by authorities (2009-June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 May 2016
Accessed Date:
14 February 2017
Title:
Information on the Liberal Party (LP), including aims and objectives, leadership, membership procedures, and treatment by authorities (2015-March 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 March 2017
Accessed Date:
6 February 2018
Title:
Soudan : Le parti communiste soudanais (PCS). Situation entre 2011 et 2019.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 April 2019
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Sudan: Ongoing Clampdown on Peaceful Protesters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
3 February 2022
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
The Girifna movement, including origin, objectives, members, regions of operation, activities, methods of communication within the group, funding; treatment of group members by authorities (2010-December 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 December 2014
Accessed Date:
25 February 2015
Title:
The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), including objectives, leadership and activities; treatment by authorities (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 February 2017
Accessed Date:
21 February 2018
Title:
Military coup of 2018, including the impact of the regime change on government operations and State institutions; situation and treatment of political opposition (2018-February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 February 2020
Accessed Date:
27 February 2020
Title:
Sudan: Despite violence, pro-democracy groups won't give up
Date of Document:
22 December 2023
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
A Breakthrough in Sudan's Impasse? (Q&A)
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 August 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Information on the treatment of political activists (including student activists) by the Sudanese Transitional Government established on 17 August 2019, in Darfur, Two Areas, Khartoum.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
19 May 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Security and political developments in Sudan, particularly in the Khartoum state, including civilian impacts.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
11 August 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Information on treatment of political activists by Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir's government between January 2018 and August 2019. Treatment of opposition/activists and targeting protestors including university students.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Information on the Sudanese Baath Party, including aims and objectives, membership procedures, and treatment by authorities (2014-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 October 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Overview of the main political developments during the reference period (September 2021 to 31 August 2022)
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
6 September 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Sudan: Impact of the war on women and girls
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
23 January 2024
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Fighters Rape Women and Girls, Hold Sex Slaves
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 December 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
26 August 2021
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Situation and treatment of single women in Sudan, including their ability to live on their own and access housing, income, and support services (2017–August 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 December 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
The Sudan. Conflict-related sexual violence.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
22 June 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Gender Justice. Assessment of laws affecting gender equality and protection against gender-based violence.
Source:
United Nations Development Programme et al.
Date of Document:
December 2018
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Women at Work in Sudan: Marital Privilege or Constitutional Right?
Source:
Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society
Date of Document:
16 May 2019
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
The 'Women's and Children's Rights Organization,' including treatment of members, supporters, and participants in demonstrations against female genital mutilation (FGM) and marriage of minors during 2002-2006; treatment of women's rights advocate...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 February 2017
Title:
Child Notice Sudan
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
8 December 2016
Author:
Chris Cuninghame et al
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Improved Understanding of FGM/C Abandonment among Sudanese Families in Khartoum and Kassala States
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Nafisa Bedri; Yussra Mohammed
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Children and armed conflict in the Sudan: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
17 August 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Soudan: Les mariages forcés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 February 2019
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Interventions for the Abandonment of Child Marriage in Sudan. Sudan Brief. Number 3.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
June 2018
Author:
Liv Tønnessen; Samia al-Nagar
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Sudan
Date of Document:
November 2019
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Report on Sexual Violence Against the Male Gender: Sudan
Source:
Centre for African Justice, Peace and Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2024
Author:
Júlia Miragall Mas; Lejla Bešić
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Impact of the conflict on children
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
17 November 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan Crisis: In-Depth Gender Assessment Report
Source:
United Nations. UN Women.
Date of Document:
15 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Rapid Gender Analysis: Sudan – Khartoum, Al Gezira, East Darfur, South Darfur
Date of Document:
October 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Sudan summary: legal, social, and political. Queer resistance to digital oppression: Legal, social and political context of digital oppression in MENA.
Date of Document:
July 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity / Expression. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Activism from the closet: Fear of a double backlash against a nascent queer movement in Sudan. Queer Lawfare in Africa: Legal strategies in contexts of LGBTIQ+ criminalisation and politisation.
Source:
Pretoria University Law Press
Author:
Liv Tønnessen et al.
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Sudan: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Conflict drives mass refugee movement and fuels human smuggling
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
October 2024
Author:
Matt Herbert; Emadeddin Badi
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Security Situation. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2025
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Terrorism 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 December 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Sudan.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
7 August 2024
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Soudan : Situation sécuritaire dans les Etats soudanais du Kordofan Sud, du Kordofan Ouest et du Nil Bleu depuis le 15 avril 2023
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
17 July 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: The RSF marches on Sennar and West Kordofan
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
12 July 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Civil War in Sudan. Global Conflict Tracker.
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations. Center for Preventive Action.
Date of Document:
21 March 2025
Accessed Date:
24 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Security Situation in Darfur and the Two Areas. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
23 February 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Warring Parties Execute Detainees, Mutilate Bodies
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 August 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Information on military service, including deferment for the purpose of attending university; information on punishment for refusing or evading military service, including upon return to Sudan after an extended absence, such as since...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 October 2016
Accessed Date:
14 February 2018
Title:
Sudan: Query Response. Query Response on (Forced) recruitment of Arabs by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army – North (SPLM/A-N)
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
21 March 2023
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Peacemaking, Customary Laws and Institutions in Dārfūr. Sudan Working Paper. Number 6.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
October 2016
Author:
Osman Mohamed Osman Ali; Yousif Suliman Saeed Takana
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Sudan: Justice for June 3 Crackdown Delayed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 June 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Sudan: New Law Amending Penal Code Takes Effect
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
23 July 2020
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
The Official Gazette Issue no. 1904 on 13-07-2020
Accessed Date:
18 March 2021
Title:
Soudan : La prison de Kober à Bahri-Karthoum Nord (situation depuis 2019)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 September 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Update: The Crisis in Darfur – Researching the Legal Issues
Date of Document:
August 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Update: Researching the Legal System of the Republic of Sudan
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Serious Human Rights Violations Perpetrated in the Context of Mass Civilian Detention in Sudan
Date of Document:
September 2024
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Sudan: Central reserve police
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan Situation Update: Turning the tide: The SAF's strategic offensive in Khartoum and the RSF's setbacks
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
14 October 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan's entire history has been dominated by soldiers and the violence and corruption they bring
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Rapid Support Forces. Are there any reports on the cooperation between the Rapid Support Forces/Janjaweed and the Sudanese intelligence services (NISS) in the period of April 2019 – March 2020? Introductory note on the Rapi...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
2 June 2020
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Armed groups, Security situation, Internal displacement situation. Armed groups, including structure, relationship with other actors, areas of presence and operation, and activities; security incidents, includin...
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
13 October 2020
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Soudan : Les forces de police dans le conflit actuel
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 April 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2023
Source:
Safeguarding Health in Conflict; Insecurity Insight
Date of Document:
18 September 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Editor:
Amelia Larson et al.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
In the Shadow of Violence: The Pressing Needs of Sudanese Journalists
Source:
Media in Cooperation and Transition
Date of Document:
October 2023
Author:
Leila Bendra; Dominik Lehnert
Editor:
Leila Bendra; Dominik Lehnert
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan's Brief, Fragile Reform Window (2019–2021)
Source:
Center for International Media Assistance
Date of Document:
5 October 2022
Author:
Mary Myers; Lina Yassin
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: A year into the conflict, the fog of war persists
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Londa 2023 Digital Rights and Inclusion in Africa Report: Sudan
Source:
Paradigm Initiative
Date of Document:
April 2024
Editor:
‘Gbenga Sesan et al.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Policy Update: Sudan
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Differences between the Burhaniyya and Burhamiyya Sufi orders; information on the Burhaniyya Sufi order; treatment of followers of the Burhaniyya Sufi order by society and authorities (2014-July 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 August 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
Written statement submitted by Christian Solidarity Worldwide, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status
Source:
Christian Solidarity Worldwide
Date of Document:
4 September 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Soudan : La communauté chiite
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 January 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Radical Intolerance: Sudan's Religious Oppression and Embrace of Extremist Groups
Date of Document:
12 December 2017
Accessed Date:
22 February 2018
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Treatment of people considered as apostates.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
2 December 2022
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Sudan: The situation of Darfuris and Nuba outside their regions of origin. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
28 June 2021
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Pastoral Women in Town: The Case of the Migrant Fulbe in Sinja, Sudan. Sudan Working Paper number 3.
Source:
Chr. Michelson Institute et al.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Author:
Elhadi Ibrahim Osman
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Non-Arab Darfuris. Version 7.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2024
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
“The Massalit Will Not Come Home”: Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity in El Geneina, West Darfur, Sudan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
May 2024
Author:
Jean-Baptiste Gallopin et al.
Editor:
Ida Sawyer et al.
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: New Mass Ethnic Killings, Pillage in Darfur
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 November 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Query response. Sudan: Exit permit and border control.
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
8 October 2018
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Eritrea and Sudan: Situation of the border region between the two countries, including military and police patrols, as well as legal crossing points; information on physical obstacles to prevent crossing, such as fences and mines; number of people legally and irregularly crossing the border (2013-May 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 May 2014
Accessed Date:
16 September 2014
Title:
The Nuba Mountains: A Window into the Sudan Crisis
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
22 August 2024
Author:
Daniel P. Sullivan
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Soudan : Fermeture de camps au début des années 2000
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 November 2023
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Illuminating shadows: The untold impact of the Sudan conflict on Ethiopian and Eritrean Refugees
Source:
Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Displacement situation in Darfur and the Two Areas – Update. Information update on the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and returnees in Darfur and the Two Areas (June-August 2020).
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
13 October 2020
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Spotlight – Sudan: Conflict triggers more displacement than in previous 14 years combined. Global Report on Internal Displacement 2024.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
May 2024
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
UNHCR Position on Returns to Sudan
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
May 2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Nowhere to run: The dilemmas of Eritrean refugees in war-wrecked Sudan
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Author:
Adam Babekir; Lovise Aalen
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan Situation: Country Socioeconomic Profile
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 28 March 2024:
Title:
Sudan. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
18 March 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Part 1: Humanitarian Needs Overview. Sudan. Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
21 December 2023
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/9a4e22b6-967b-4846-8cfc-6f6409cab8b1/HNRP_2024_SDN_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Security situation. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sudan-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-security-situation-sudan-june-2023-accessible
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
17 January 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/sudan
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/sudan/
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Sudan. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/POL1056702023ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Sudan. Freedom in the World 2024.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-world/2024
Accessed Date:
27 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/sudan
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Sudan.html
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/sudan/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2022/sudan
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Sudan.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
29 August 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/a835186b-730a-4bd6-a39f-1c5d651706d3
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Civil War in Sudan. Global Conflict Tracker.
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations. Center for Preventive Action.
Date of Document:
19 November 2023
URL:
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/power-struggle-sudan
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2022
Source:
Safeguarding Health in Conflict; Insecurity Insight
Date of Document:
May 2023
URL:
https://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2022-SHCC-Sudan.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. World Press Freedom Index 2023.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/sudan
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Freedom on the Net 2023.
Author:
Digital Rights Lab - Sudan
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/sudan/freedom-net/2023
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/sudan/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Non-Arab Darfuris. Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1028042/SDN_CPIN_Non-Arab_Darfuris.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Spotlight – Sudan: A five-fold increase in internal displacement. 2022 Global Report on Internal Displacement.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
19 May 2022
URL:
https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC_GRID_2022_LR.pdf#
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Soudan. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
31 January 2024
URL:
http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/soudan.htm
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
URL:
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/africa/sudan.html
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Sudan: Situation Report
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
23 February 2024
URL:
https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/sudan/
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Country Report. The situation in South Kordofan and Blue Nile – An Update (3rd edition with addendum).
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
March 2021
URL:
https://asylumresearchcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Final_01.03.2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2021
Title:
Les principaux camps de déplacés internes au Darfour
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
14 March 2022
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2203_sdn__ppx_camps_des_deplaces__152696_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 March 2023
Title:
Containing the Volatile Sudan-Ethiopia Border Dispute. Africa Briefing N°173.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/ethiopia/b173-containing-volatile-sudan-ethiopia-border-dispute
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Delays and Dilemmas: New Violence in Darfur and Uncertain Justice Efforts within Sudan's Fragile Transition
Source:
International Federation for Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2021
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/fidh_report_sudan2021.pdf_.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2022
Title:
Sudan: Pact Omits Key Justice Reforms
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 December 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/13/sudan-pact-omits-key-justice-reforms
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Socio-Economic Assessment: East Darfur and West Kordofan States, Sudan
Source:
International Labour Organization et al.
URL:
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---ddg_p/documents/publication/wcms_819056.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Soudan : Evolution des libertés civiles et religieuses depuis la chute du régime d'Omar al-Bachir
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
26 August 2020
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2008_sdn_libertes.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in the Sudan and the activities of the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
1 December 2022
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2022/898
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
“Chaos and Fire”: An Analysis of Sudan's June 3, 2019 Khartoum Massacre
Source:
Physicians for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2020
Author:
Adrienne L. Fricke et al.
Editor:
Claudia Rader et al.
URL:
https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PHR-Report-Sudan-Chaos-and-Fire-March-2020-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
12 May 2023
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/53/19
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
“Your life isn't worth the price of a bullet.” Examining serious human rights violations in Sudan since 25 October 2021
Date of Document:
June 2022
URL:
https://redress.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Sudan-Serious-Ongoing-Human-Rights-Violations-Briefing.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan's turmoil: Revolution, power struggles, and the quest for stability
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Author:
Samah Khalaf Allah; Afaf Doleeb
URL:
https://www.cmi.no/publications/8772-sudans-turmoil-revolution-power-struggles-and-the-quest-for-stability
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Soudan : Point de situation depuis le coup d'Etat militaire du 25 octobre 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
21 December 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2112_sdn_point_de_situation_154969_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2022
Title:
Sudan Uprising: Popular Struggles, Elite Compromises, and Revolution Betrayed
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
June 2020
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/HSBA-Report-Sudan-Uprising_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Opposition to the government. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
April 2021
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/977224/Sudan_-_opposition_to_state_-_CPIN__-_v3.0.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 July 2021
Title:
Sudan: Gender Annual Report 2021
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://www.unicef.org/sudan/media/8516/file/UNICEF%20Sudan-%20Gender-%20Report%20(2021).pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Voices from Sudan 2020: A qualitative assessment of gender-based violence in Sudan
Source:
United Nations Population Fund; Sudan. Unit of Combating Violence Against Women and Children.
Date of Document:
2 August 2021
URL:
https://sudan.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/unfpa_16th.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Initial Gender Assessment Sudan. Geographical coverage: White Nile, Blue Nile, Darfur, Red Sea, Khartoum States.
Source:
United Nations. UN Women.
Date of Document:
December 2023
URL:
https://sudan.un.org/sites/default/files/2023-12/final_initial_gender_assessement.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Soudan : les minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 November 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2111_sdn_min_sexuelles_et_de_genre_152698_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2022
Title:
Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Eastern Sudan. Sudan Report Number 2.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute et al.
Date of Document:
September 2017
Author:
Hassan A. Abdel Ati
URL:
https://www.cmi.no/publications/6325-human-smuggling-and-trafficking-in-eastern-sudan
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
The Conflict in Darfur, Sudan: Background and Overview
Source:
Tufts University. Fletcher School. World Peace Foundation
Date of Document:
February 2022
URL:
https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/files/2022/04/AdW-expert-witness-statement-DF-for-ICC.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan: The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) Gains Ground in Sudan
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
12 January 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/01/12/sudan-situation-update-januar-2024-the-rapid-support-forces-rsf-gains-ground-in-sudan/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan created a paramilitary force to destroy government threats – but it became a major threat itself
Date of Document:
19 April 2023
URL:
https://theconversation.com/sudan-created-a-paramilitary-force-to-destroy-government-threats-but-it-became-a-major-threat-itself-203974
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: The SAF Faces Setbacks as Armed Groups Overtake Territory Across the Country
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
21 July 2023
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2023/07/21/sudan-situation-update-july-2023-the-saf-faces-setbacks-as-armed-groups-overtake-territory-across-the-country/
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Remote-control breakdown: Sudanese paramilitary forces and pro-government militias
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
April 2017
URL:
https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/HSBA-IB-27-Sudanese-paramilitary-forces.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Sudan: Ongoing Clampdown on Peaceful Protesters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
3 February 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/03/sudan-ongoing-clampdown-peaceful-protesters
Accessed Date:
23 March 2022
Title:
Three years after Al-Bashir ouster, Sudan's internet freedom landscape remains precarious
Source:
Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)
Date of Document:
22 December 2022
URL:
https://cipesa.org/2022/12/three-years-after-al-bashir-ouster-sudans-internet-freedom-landscape-remains-precarious/
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Non-Arab Darfuris in Khartoum. Information on the situation of non-Arab Darfuris (including Fur, Zaghawa, Masalit, Bergu, Dajo) in Khartoum, in the period of August 2019 - May 2020: living conditions and access to employment; instances of ill-treatment and attacks; access to justice.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2031655/2020_06_Q11_EASO_COI_Query_Response_Sudan_non_Arab_Darfuris.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Report of a fact-finding mission to Khartoum, Sudan. Conducted between 10 and 17 August 2018.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2018
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/759280/Sudan_-_FFM_report_2018_-_NAD-returns.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Nuba. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
December 2020
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/945107/_E__CPIN_Sudan_-_Nuba_December_2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Emerging options for durable solutions in Darfur
Source:
Forced Migration Review
Date of Document:
October 2019
URL:
https://www.fmreview.org/return/elzarov
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan: Risk upon return. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
6 February 2018
URL:
https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_sudan._risk_upon_return_1.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Return of unsuccessful asylum seekers. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2018
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/788028/_E__Sudan_-_Returnees_-_CPIN_-_v4.0__July_2018_.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Mental Health Atlas 2020 Country Profile: Sudan
Source:
United Nations. World Health Organization.
URL:
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/mental-health/mental-health-atlas-2020-country-profiles/sdn.pdf?sfvrsn=539a3380_4&download=true
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
New Political Deal Amid Rising Disorder in Sudan
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
3 March 2023
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2023/03/03/context-assessment-new-political-deal-amidst-rising-political-disorder-in-sudan/
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Darfur Town Destroyed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 July 2023
Author:
Mohamed Osman; Jean-Baptiste Gallopin
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/07/11/sudan-darfur-town-destroyed
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: Hundreds of Protesters Detained, Mistreated
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 April 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/28/sudan-hundreds-protesters-detained-mistreated
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
“Death Came to Our Home': War Crimes and Civilian Suffering in Sudan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 August 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/AFR-54.7037.2023.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Security and political developments in Sudan, particularly in the Khartoum state, including civilian impacts.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
11 August 2023
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2023_08_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Q26_Sudan_Security_and_political_situation_Khartoum.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2024
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Information on treatment of political activists by Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir's government between January 2018 and August 2019. Treatment of opposition/activists and targeting protestors including university students.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2031654/2020_06_Q12_EASO_COI_Query_Response_Sudan_Political_Activists_Pre_August_2019.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Sudan: Overview of the main political developments during the reference period (September 2021 to 31 August 2022)
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
6 September 2022
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2078441/2022_09_Q34_EUAA_COI_Query_Response_Sudan_political_developments.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan: Central reserve police
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://redress.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Briefing-Central-Reserve-Police.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2023
Title:
Sudan's entire history has been dominated by soldiers and the violence and corruption they bring
Date of Document:
3 May 2023
URL:
https://theconversation.com/sudans-entire-history-has-been-dominated-by-soldiers-and-the-violence-and-corruption-they-bring-204928
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Pastoral Women in Town: The Case of the Migrant Fulbe in Sinja, Sudan. Sudan Working Paper number 3.
Source:
Chr. Michelson Institute et al.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Author:
Elhadi Ibrahim Osman
URL:
https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/7372-pastoral-women-in-town-the-case-of-the-migrant-fulbe-in-sinja-sudan.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2021
Title:
Sudan: New Mass Ethnic Killings, Pillage in Darfur
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 November 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/26/sudan-new-mass-ethnic-killings-pillage-darfur
Accessed Date:
25 March 2024
Title:
Sudan: War Crimes in South Kordofan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 December 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/12/10/sudan-war-crimes-south-kordofan
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 July 2022
URL:
https://www.issa.int/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07/Sudan.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Protection concerns: Ten months into the war.
Date of Document:
29 February 2024
URL:
https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240229_ACAPS_Sudan_analysis_hub_protection_concerns_10_months_into_the_war.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Country Focus Report. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2025
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_02_EUAA_COI_Report_Sudan_Country_Focus.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Findings of the investigations conducted by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan into violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and related crimes, committed in the Sudan in th...
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 October 2024
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session57/A-HRC-57-CRP-6-en.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Sudan: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 March 2024
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/55/29
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Despite violence, pro-democracy groups won't give up
Date of Document:
22 December 2023
URL:
https://www.dw.com/en/sudan-despite-violence-pro-democracy-groups-wont-give-up/a-67799806
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Fighters Rape Women and Girls, Hold Sex Slaves
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 December 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/12/15/sudan-fighters-rape-women-and-girls-hold-sex-slaves
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Report on Sexual Violence Against the Male Gender: Sudan
Source:
Centre for African Justice, Peace and Human Rights
Date of Document:
November 2024
Author:
Júlia Miragall Mas; Lejla Bešić
URL:
https://centreforafricanjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Sudan-Report.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan Crisis: In-Depth Gender Assessment Report
Source:
United Nations. UN Women.
Date of Document:
15 February 2024
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/3fd7b2e4-7206-4097-89e2-f9ce8c45d018/sudan_crisis_-_in_depth_gender_assessment_.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan summary: legal, social, and political. Queer resistance to digital oppression: Legal, social and political context of digital oppression in MENA.
Date of Document:
July 2024
URL:
https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LGBTQ-MENA-Report-1-Background-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
17 December 2024
URL:
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/sudan/
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Conflict drives mass refugee movement and fuels human smuggling
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
October 2024
Author:
Matt Herbert; Emadeddin Badi
URL:
https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Matt-Herbert-Emadeddin-Badi-Sudan-Conflict-drives-mass-refugee-movement-and-fuels-human-smuggling-GI-TOC-October-2024.v2.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Security Situation. Country of Origin Information Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2025
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_02_EUAA_COI_Report_Sudan_Security_Situation.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: The RSF marches on Sennar and West Kordofan
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
12 July 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/07/12/sudan-situation-update-july-2024-the-rsf-marches-on-sennar-and-west-kordofan/
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: Warring Parties Execute Detainees, Mutilate Bodies
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 August 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/08/29/sudan-warring-parties-execute-detainees-mutilate-bodies
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
URL:
https://ocindex.net/country/sudan
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Serious Human Rights Violations Perpetrated in the Context of Mass Civilian Detention in Sudan
Date of Document:
September 2024
URL:
https://redress.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Sudan-Arbitrary-Detention-Report_EN-v.5.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 March 2025
Title:
Sudan Situation Update: Turning the tide: The SAF's strategic offensive in Khartoum and the RSF's setbacks
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
14 October 2024
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/10/14/turning-the-tide-the-safs-strategic-offensive-in-khartoum-and-the-rsfs-setbacks-sudan-october-2024/
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Soudan : Les forces de police dans le conflit actuel
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 April 2024
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2404_sdn_forces_de_police_161754_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Sudan: A year into the conflict, the fog of war persists
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/sudan-a-year-into-the-conflict-the-fog-of-war-persists/
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
Londa 2023 Digital Rights and Inclusion in Africa Report: Sudan
Source:
Paradigm Initiative
Date of Document:
April 2024
Editor:
‘Gbenga Sesan et al.
URL:
https://paradigmhq.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Sudan-Country-Report.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 March 2025
Title:
“The Massalit Will Not Come Home”: Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity in El Geneina, West Darfur, Sudan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
May 2024
Author:
Jean-Baptiste Gallopin et al.
Editor:
Ida Sawyer et al.
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2024/05/sudan0524web_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
The Nuba Mountains: A Window into the Sudan Crisis
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
22 August 2024
Author:
Daniel P. Sullivan
URL:
https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports-briefs/the-nuba-mountains-a-window-into-the-sudan-crisis/
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Soudan : Fermeture de camps au début des années 2000
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 November 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2310_sdn_maj_wad_sharife_160430.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Illuminating shadows: The untold impact of the Sudan conflict on Ethiopian and Eritrean Refugees
Source:
Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa
Date of Document:
June 2024
URL:
https://issuu.com/halayassin/docs/research_report_on_impact_of_the_sudan_war_on_ethi
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
Title:
Sudan Situation: Country Socioeconomic Profile
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
January 2025
URL:
https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/114067
Accessed Date:
20 March 2025
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