National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis. NDPs are updated cyclically based on publicly available information. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to allow sufficient time to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 July 2024
ECUADOR
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Ecuador. General Logistics Planning Map.
Source:
United Nations. World Food Programme. Logistics Cluster.
Date of Document:
18 April 2016
Accessed Date:
10 January 2017
Title:
Ecuador. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
12 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 July 2024
Accessed Date:
19 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2020
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Présentation de l'Équateur
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
13 August 2021
Accessed Date:
12 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
28 May 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
15 May 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Amnesty International Report 2023/24: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Freedom in the World 2024.
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
11 August 2016
Accessed Date:
10 January 2017
Title:
National report submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21: Ecuador
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/41/ECU/1
Date of Document:
15 August 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Ecuador: Compilation of information
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/41/ECU/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
19 August 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Summary of stakeholders' submissions on Ecuador
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/41/ECU/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 August 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Ecuador. Chapter IV.A: Human Rights Development in the Region. Annual Report 2023.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
31 December 2023
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 40 of the Covenant pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2022
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
9 January 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Aid agencies struggle to adapt to Ecuador's new (violent) normal
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
7 May 2024
Author:
Paula Dupraz-Dobias
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Can a War on Crime Bring Relief to Ecuador?
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 January 2024
Author:
Glaeldys González Calanche
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Ecuador
Code:
RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-CR 2017/5
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
February 2017
Author:
Gabriel Echeverría
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Ecuador. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
19 July 2024
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Ecuador. Election for President Second Round of 15 October 2023.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Date of Document:
14 November 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Presidential Candidate Killed
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 August 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Ecuador: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
12 July 2024
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
“Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?”: The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 July 2021
Editor:
Heather Barr et al.
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Tenth periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2020. Replies to the list of issues prior to reporting.
Date of Document:
1 April 2021
Accessed Date:
14 February 2022
Title:
Concluding observations on the tenth periodic report of Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
24 November 2021
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
“It's a Constant Fight”: School-Related Sexual Violence and Young Survivors' Struggle for Justice in Ecuador
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 December 2020
Editor:
Juliane Kippenberg
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, on her visit to Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
22 May 2020
Accessed Date:
19 February 2021
Title:
Information received from Ecuador on follow-up to the concluding observations on its tenth periodic
Date of Document:
8 December 2023
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Justa Libertad: A Movement to Decriminalize Abortion in Ecuador
Source:
Human Rights watch
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Author:
Cristina Quijano Carrasco
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 44 of the Convention, due in 2023
Date of Document:
13 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador LGBTI: Landscape Analysis of Political, Economic and Social Conditions
Source:
Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice
Date of Document:
1 January 2017
Author:
Ana Cristina Hernández et al.
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Ecuador. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Fight Against “Reparative Sexual Therapy” in Ecuador
Source:
Council on Hemispheric Affairs
Date of Document:
16 June 2017
Author:
Martina Guglielmone
Accessed Date:
7 February 2018
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Ecuador. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2022, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Ecuador: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
Accessed Date:
12 July 2024
Date of Document:
26 September 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
GameChangers 2021: No End in Sight for Ecuador's Downward Spiral
Date of Document:
24 December 2021
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Thriving in the Shadows: Cocaine, Crime and Corruption in Ecuador
Date of Document:
5 February 2020
Accessed Date:
15 July 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Ecuador.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
21 March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: The New Corridor for South American Arms Trafficking
Date of Document:
4 October 2021
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Peace Between Ecuador's Warring Gangs Appears Further than Ever
Date of Document:
7 October 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Civil Society Report on the Implementation of Chapter II (Prevention) & Chapter V (Asset Recovery) of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption in Ecuador
Source:
Fundación Ciudadanía y Desarrollo
Date of Document:
1 February 2022
Author:
Denise Zelaya Perdomo; Mauricio Alarcón Salvador
Editor:
Danella Newman; Mathias Huter
Accessed Date:
14 February 2022
Title:
Ecuador. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2022, Volume II: Money Laundering.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Corrupt Security Services Worsen Ecuador's Murder Problem
Date of Document:
31 May 2022
Accessed Date:
15 July 2024
Date of Document:
8 November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
From Rhetoric to Reality on Ecuador's Security Challenge
Date of Document:
17 October 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Disputes Over Drug Trafficking Routes Drive Child Recruitment in Ecuador
Date of Document:
4 December 2023
Author:
María Fernanda Ramírez
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Plata o Plomo: Ecuador's Public Servants in Gangs' Crosshairs
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Metastasis Case Exposes Ecuador's Corruption Cancer
Date of Document:
21 March 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
How Criminal Elites in Ecuador Twist Legal Norms to Skirt Justice
Date of Document:
17 April 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Unpacking Criminal Violence in Durán, Ecuador's Cocaine Warehouse
Date of Document:
14 February 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Gang Control of Prisons Enabled Massacres
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 July 2022
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Unmasking the Foreign Players on Ecuador's Criminal Chessboard
Date of Document:
7 March 2024
Author:
Anastasia Austin; Henry Shuldiner
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
11 January 2017
Accessed Date:
24 February 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of Ecuador. Addendum: Information received from Ecuador on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CAT/C/ECU/CO/7/Add.1
Date of Document:
24 January 2018
Accessed Date:
21 February 2020
Title:
Ecuador's Constitution of 2008 with Amendments through 2021
Source:
Ecuador; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
14 February 2022
Title:
Update: The Basic Structure of the Ecuadorian Legal System and Legal Research
Date of Document:
April 2021
Author:
Juan Andres Fuentes
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Ecuador: Submission to the UN Committee against Torture: 80th session, 8- 26 July 2024
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 June 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Prisoner Torture and Abuse Rife in Ecuador's Gang Crackdown
Date of Document:
7 June 2024
Author:
James Bargent; Karol Noroña
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Ecuador: Limit Use of Force by Armed Forces
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
19 June 2020
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Ecuador. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
24 February 2023
Title:
Ecuador on edge: Political paralysis and spiking crime pose new threats to press freedom
Source:
Committee to Protect Journalists
Date of Document:
28 June 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Freedom on the Net 2023.
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al.
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2023. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
6 December 2023
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression on his visit to Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
14 May 2019
Accessed Date:
21 February 2020
Title:
Ecuador. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Ecuador. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Twenty-fifth periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2020
Date of Document:
5 August 2020
Accessed Date:
14 February 2022
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined twenty-third and twenty-fourth periodic reports of Ecuador. Addendum: Information received from Ecuador on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CERD/C/ECU/CO/23-24/Add.1
Date of Document:
2 January 2019
Accessed Date:
21 February 2020
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples on her visit to Ecuador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 July 2019
Accessed Date:
21 February 2020
Title:
Chinese Mining and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Author:
Cintia Quiliconi; Pablo Rodriguez Vasco
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Ecuador. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2024
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Indigenous activists are finding ways to use technology to secure their rights - but barriers remain. Minority and Indigenous Trends 2020: Focus on technology.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Author:
Gilda Paulina Palacios Herrera
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Unprotected in Ecuador: Venezuelan refugee women survivors of gender-based violence
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Organic Law on Human Mobility
Date of Document:
28 January 2017
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Uruguay: Rights of citizens of countries belonging to the Southern Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR) to residence, employment, and education in other MERCOSUR countries (2021–April 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 April 2023
Accessed Date:
29 May 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 May 2024:
Title:
Ecuador. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
1 October 2023
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/ecuador
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
22 February 2024
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador/
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
February 2022
URL:
https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/ECU
Accessed Date:
22 February 2022
Title:
Ecuador: Country Overview and U.S. Relations. In Focus.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
24 January 2024
Author:
June S. Beittel; Ramon Miro
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11218
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/POL1056702023ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Freedom in the World 2023.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/ecuador/freedom-world/2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. Chapter IV.A: Human Rights Development in the Region. Annual Report 2022.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
1 April 2023
URL:
https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/annual/2022/Chapters/6-IA2022_Cap_4A_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Ecuador.html
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-trafficking-in-persons-report/ecuador
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Ecuador.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
2 May 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/19e89ddd-38d6-4062-aa6d-1c2aad29162d
Accessed Date:
8 February 2023
Title:
Ecuador. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2022. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
26 May 2022
URL:
https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/docs/annual/2022/Chapters/IA2022_Anexo_RELE_EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/ecuador/
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. The Indigenous World 2023.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2023
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/ecuador/5087-iw-2023-ecuador.html
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Ecuador. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/country/ecuador/
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Ecuador: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/EC/EC-LC01/
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Twenty-fifth periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2020
Date of Document:
5 August 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CERD/C/ECU/25
Accessed Date:
3 February 2021
Title:
Chinese Mining and Indigenous Resistance in Ecuador
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
20 September 2021
Author:
Cintia Quiliconi; Pablo Rodriguez Vasco
URL:
https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/09/20/chinese-mining-and-indigenous-resistance-in-ecuador-pub-85382
Accessed Date:
16 February 2022
Title:
Aid agencies struggle to adapt to Ecuador's new (violent) normal
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
7 May 2024
Author:
Paula Dupraz-Dobias
URL:
https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2024/05/07/aid-agencies-struggle-adapt-ecuadors-new-violent-normal
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Can a War on Crime Bring Relief to Ecuador?
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 January 2024
Author:
Glaeldys González Calanche
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/latin-america-caribbean/andes/ecuador/can-war-crime-bring-relief-ecuador
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Ecuador: National Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/parliament/EC/EC-LC01/
Accessed Date:
12 July 2024
Title:
Information received from Ecuador on follow-up to the concluding observations on its tenth periodic
Date of Document:
8 December 2023
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/ECU/FCO/10
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Justa Libertad: A Movement to Decriminalize Abortion in Ecuador
Source:
Human Rights watch
Date of Document:
15 April 2024
Author:
Cristina Quijano Carrasco
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/04/15/justa-libertad-movement-decriminalize-abortion-ecuador
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Seventh periodic report submitted by Ecuador under article 44 of the Convention, due in 2023
Date of Document:
13 February 2024
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/ CRC/C/ECU/7
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Plata o Plomo: Ecuador's Public Servants in Gangs' Crosshairs
Date of Document:
27 March 2024
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/plata-o-plomo-ecuadors-public-servants-in-gangs-crosshairs/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Metastasis Case Exposes Ecuador's Corruption Cancer
Date of Document:
21 March 2024
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/metastasis-case-exposes-ecuadors-corruption-cancer/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
How Criminal Elites in Ecuador Twist Legal Norms to Skirt Justice
Date of Document:
17 April 2024
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/ecuador-elites-skirt-justice/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Unpacking Criminal Violence in Durán, Ecuador's Cocaine Warehouse
Date of Document:
14 February 2024
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/unpacking-criminal-violence-duran-ecuador-cocaine-warehouse/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Gang Control of Prisons Enabled Massacres
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 July 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/video-photos/interactive/2022/07/28/ecuador-gang-control-prisons-enabled-massacres
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Unmasking the Foreign Players on Ecuador's Criminal Chessboard
Date of Document:
7 March 2024
Author:
Anastasia Austin; Henry Shuldiner
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/unmasking-foreign-players-ecuador-criminal-chessboard/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador: Submission to the UN Committee against Torture: 80th session, 8- 26 July 2024
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 June 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AMR2881322024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Prisoner Torture and Abuse Rife in Ecuador's Gang Crackdown
Date of Document:
7 June 2024
Author:
James Bargent; Karol Noroña
URL:
https://insightcrime.org/news/prisoner-torture-abuse-rife-ecuador-gang-crackdown/
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Title:
Ecuador. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/ecuador
Accessed Date:
10 July 2024
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.