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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2024
LIBERIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
September 2014
Accessed Date:
29 July 2015
Title:
Liberia. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
31 October 2012
Title:
Liberia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
12 October 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Mental Health Atlas 2020 Member State Profile: Liberia
Source:
World Health Organization
Date of Document:
15 April 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Liberia. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties. Liberia.
Date of Document:
5 August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Liberia. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Liberia: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
14 February 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Libéria : Les conflits fonciers dans le compté de Nimba
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 September 2021
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Liberia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
18 May 2024
Title:
An Assessment of Human Rights Issues Emanating from Traditional Practices in Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Mission in Liberia.
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
21 July 2016
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises on its visit to Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
21 April 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Liberia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/1
Date of Document:
24 August 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Liberia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 February 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
6 March 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Information on the Liberian Initiative for the Promotion of Rights, Identity and Equality (LIPRIDE) and the Liberia Women Empowerment Network (LIWEN), including objectives; treatment of members by society and authorities (2014-January 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
COI Query Response. Liberia: Political opponents, journalists and activists; Treatment of political opponents, journalists and activists by state actors between 1 January 2019- 31 July 2021.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
9 August 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia. Strengthening Human Rights: Translating Multilateral Commitments into Action.
Source:
The Stimson Center
Date of Document:
March 2022
Author:
Lisa Sharland et al.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Liberia. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Liberia. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Aliens and Nationality Law (amended 1974)
Accessed Date:
28 July 2014
Title:
Constitution of the Republic of Liberia
Accessed Date:
31 October 2012
Title:
Appearance and security features of birth certificates and death certificates; how to obtain these documents
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 July 2017
Accessed Date:
29 August 2017
Title:
Passport appearance and security features; how to obtain a passport; passport specimen (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 July 2017
Accessed Date:
28 August 2017
Title:
ID4D Country Diagnostic: Liberia
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Liberia: Law Authorizing Dual Citizenship and Allowing Women to Pass Citizenship to Their Children Enacted
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
13 October 2022
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
An Act to Amend and/or Nullify Certain Provisions of the Aliens and Nationality Law Relating to Citizenship and Restoring the Citizenship Rights Lost as a Consequence of those Provisions
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Snapshot of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems of Liberia
Source:
International Development Research Centre
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
15 May 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia election results: George Weah and Joseph Boakai face run-off vote
Source:
British Broadcasting Corporation
Date of Document:
25 October 2023
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Liberians fault government performance on promoting child welfare. Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 614.
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
7 March 2023
Author:
Komi Amewunou; Oscar Bloh
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
The Hidden War: Legal Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Fragility and Conflict
Source:
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
The Sande secret society, its activities, organization, leaders and consequences of refusing the role of leader; Sande's power, its treatment of those who speak out against or oppose its practices; state protection for individuals threatened by...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 February 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
UN in Liberia Lauds NACCEL for FGM ban in Montserrado County
Date of Document:
10 February 2023
Author:
Gradiah Walker Bou Hussein et al.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Has Liberia's ‘feminist' president forgotten his promise to tackle rape?
Date of Document:
7 June 2022
Author:
Dounard Bondo; Bettie K. Johnson-Mbayo
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Liberia. Country Gender Equality Profile.
Source:
United Nations. UN Women.
Date of Document:
August 2021
Author:
Emmanuel Letouzé et al.
Editor:
André Cat-Nguyen Danh Luu; Eva-Marie Canan
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice: Grand Bassa County, Liberia
Source:
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Author:
Randi Solhjell; Debey Sayndee
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Liberia
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia. 2022 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
29 September 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Women in Liberia, and Reaching Equality. Are we there yet?
Source:
Centre for Sustainable Peace and Democratic Development
Date of Document:
July 2021
Author:
Maria Symeou; Sonia Dassé
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Women's Empowerment; Domestic Violence. Liberia Demographic and Health Survey 2019-20.
Source:
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services et al.
Date of Document:
April 2021
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Liberia. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Rights (SOGIR) in Africa. Liberia. Country Report.
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
Title:
Libéria : Les minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 May 2021
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Liberia. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Liberia: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Liberia.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
France's Trial for Atrocities Committed in Liberia. Questions and Answers.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 October 2022
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
France: Conviction for Atrocities in Liberia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 November 2022
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
State of Corruption Report 2022. Trends and Citizens' Views and Perception of Corruption.
Source:
Center for Transparency and Accountability. Transparency International.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Author:
Gerald D. Yeakula et al.
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Liberia. Global Organized Crime Index.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Veneers of governance: Lessons from Liberia's growing vulnerability
Date of Document:
June 2022
Author:
Gregory Coleman; Ben Spatz
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Civil Society Report on the Implementation of Chapter II (Prevention) & Chapter V (Asset Recovery) of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption in Liberia
Source:
Center for Security Studies and Development
Author:
Philip Poppelreuter; Richelieu Marcel Allison
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Traditional Justice Mechanisms in Liberia
Source:
African Security Sector Network. African societal Analysis.
Date of Document:
January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Pragmatism and Mistrust: The Interaction of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Liberia
Source:
Berghof Foundation
Date of Document:
1 August 2016
Author:
Janel B. Galvanek
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Title:
Update: Liberian Legal System and Legal Research
Date of Document:
October 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Understanding Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Post-Conflict Societies
Source:
Conflict Studies Quarterly
Date of Document:
January 2019
Author:
Olugbemiga Samuel Afolabi et al.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Police Practices in Liberia
Author:
Kari Oygard Larsen et al.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Liberia. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
17 October 2022
Title:
Liberians cite corruption, lack of professionalism among police failings. Afrobarometer Dispatch No. 632.
Source:
Afrobarometer et al.
Date of Document:
18 April 2023
Author:
Kelechi Amakoh; Oscar Bloh
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression on his mission to Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 June 2018
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Journalists intimidated, threatened, assaulted
Date of Document:
12 October 2022
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
Title:
Liberia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Liberia. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Migration Profile: Liberia
Source:
Integral Human Development
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
25 October 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 October 2023:
Title:
Liberia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/liberia
Accessed Date:
4 August 2023
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.