National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 August 2023
CHAD
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Tchad. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Title:
Chad. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
Accessed Date:
17 February 2023
Title:
Tchad. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
24 December 2015
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Aperçu des besoins humanitaires 2022 : Tchad
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
The Ngueli [Nguéli, N'Gueli, N'gueli] massacre on 26 November 2016, including the perpetrators, their motivations and victims; treatment of massacre victims and the people who support them; the 'Ngueli Victims Assistance Committee' ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 June 2019
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
Title:
Chad. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
22 February 2022
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
21 May 2021
Accessed Date:
9 February 2022
Title:
Chad. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
4 February 2021
Title:
Rapport de mission. Enquête sur les conflits intercommunautaires : de Goïgoudoum, (Mayo Kebbi Ouest) et Kolon, (Tandjile-Ouest).
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
4 February 2021
Title:
Chad: DIEM – Data in Emergencies Monitoring brief, round 3.
Source:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Date of Document:
14 December 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Higher prices, less aid: how communities experience COVID-19
Source:
Ground Truth Solutions ; CHSAlliance
Date of Document:
May 2021
Accessed Date:
9 February 2022
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
1 August 2023
Title:
Chad. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. Freedom in the World 2022.
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Rapport sur la situation des Droits de l'Homme au Tchad 2018
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Tchad : La Convention Tchadienne pour la (ou « de ») Défense des Droits de l'Homme (CTDDH)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 November 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Between Recession and Repression: The Rising Cost of Dissent in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Chad: Legal analysis of the Chadian Ordinance on the right to freedom of association: The use of national legislation to impose unlawful restrictions on the right to freedom of associations
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
25 October 2018
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Chad
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/31/TCD/1
Date of Document:
30 August 2018
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Chad
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/31/TCD/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 August 2018
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/31/TCD/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
31 August 2018
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Rapport d'observation des violations des droits de l'Homme au Tchad en période du covid-19
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Chad: Post-Déby Crackdown, Abuses
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
9 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Release Opposition Members and Supporters
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 May 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chad. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
15 February 2023
Title:
Décret n 211/PG.-INT. du 6 novembre 1963 portant application du code de la nationalité tchadienne
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Title:
Refugee attestations and refugee identity cards, their issuing authorities, uses and appearance, including in 2015 (2015–February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
29 January 2021
Title:
Chad. Birth Registration – Phase Two. A Comparative Report Prepared for UNICEF.
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Permis de Conduire. Document: TCD-FO-01001.
Source:
European Council. Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Documents Online.
Date of Document:
8 July 2019
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Requirements and procedure for obtaining a national identity card, a passport, a driver's licence and a vehicle registration (carte grise), both from within the country and from abroad; appearance and security features of these documents...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 January 2018
Accessed Date:
20 September 2018
Title:
Legislation on nationality, including the procedure to obtain nationality; whether dual nationality is recognized (2007-July 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2019
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
Title:
Ordonnance 33/PG.-INT. du 14 août 1962 code de la nationalité tchadienne
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Chad: Transitional National Council.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
The Party for Freedom and Development (Parti pour les libertés et le développement, PLD), including its objectives, activities and membership cards; the disappearance of party leader Ibni Oumar Mahamat Saleh; the treatment of party members by authorities (2013-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2014
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Tchad : Panorama des principaux partis politiques
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
The Chadian Human Rights League (Ligue tchadienne des droits de l'homme, LTDH), including its structure, its objectives and activities; treatment of LTDH members by the authorities
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Treatment of revolutionary movement sympathizers by authorities along the border with Libya (2011-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
Treatment of people who oppose the government, including activists or suspected activists from opposition parties (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 September 2018
Accessed Date:
26 September 2018
Title:
The Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic (Cadre d'action populaire pour la solidarité et l'unité de la République, CAP-SUR) political party, including the treatment of its members by the authorities since ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2017
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Strike and demonstrations organized by teachers, including the demonstration of 25 January 2017 in N'Djamena; student participation in the strike and demonstrations; treatment of participants by the authorities (2016-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 December 2017
Accessed Date:
30 August 2018
Title:
National Union of Chadian Students (Union nationale des étudiants tchadiens, UNET), including the arrest of its leader in 2015; outcome of his trial; circumstances of his release; demonstrations organized by UNET; reaction of authorities to demonstrations (2015-April 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 April 2016
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
The National Union for Development and Renewal (Union nationale pour le développement et le renouveau, UNDR), including its composition, activities and regions of influence; the treatment of its members and sympathizers by authorities, including during the 2016 election campaign (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 February 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (Union des forces pour la démocratie et le développement, UFDD), including origins, structure, ideology and activities; treatment of UFDD members and their families by authorities; whether state agents harass or abduct UFDD members in Saudi Arabia or members of their families (2006-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 October 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Movement for Peace and Development in Chad (Mouvement pour la paix et le développement du Tchad, MPDT), including its structure, objectives, leaders and activities; its membership cards; current situation of the former leader of the party, Mahamat Abdoulaye; treatment of party members by authorities (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 February 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Tchad : Le Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le Salut de la République (CCMSR)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 September 2018
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
Tchad : Chronologie non exhaustive des évènements politiques depuis 2008
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 April 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Legacy of Chad's gatekeeper politics lives on beyond Déby – and carries grave risks
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Author:
Line Engbo Gissel; Troels Burchal Henningsen
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Getting Chad's Transition on Track
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 September 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: What are the risks after Idriss Déby's death?
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 April 2021
Author:
Richard Moncrieff et al.
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Violent Repression of Opposition Protest
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
29 October 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: How Much Longer Will the Military Council Stay?
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 April 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Panorama des principaux partis politiques.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Chronologie non exhaustive des évènements politiques depuis 2008
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 April 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Le Rassemblement Patriotique du Renouveau (RPR)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 October 2021
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
“Transition” Orchestrated by Chad's Military Goes Awry
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
15 November 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Chad. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Forced marriage in Chad, particularly whether an educated woman can flee a forced marriage and the protection she is offered by the authorities and NGOs; whether an educated woman may live alone in N'Djamena and Moundou
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 September 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Custom of levirate, particularly the tradition among the Zakawa [Zagawa, Zaghawa, Zakhawa], including frequency and recourse available to victims; possibility of a woman living alone in major cities (2014-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 July 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Child custody rights when the father is deceased, including the mother's rights if she refuses levirate (2014-2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les mariages forcés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 April 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Date of Document:
July 2018
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
Title:
FGM/C in Chad: Short Report
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
15 February 2023
Title:
Tchad: les minorités sexuelles et de genre.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Accessed Date:
15 February 2023
Title:
Chad. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Chad: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad: Situation sécuritaire. Les groupes rebelles présents en Libye. Le conflit de Miski (Tibesti). La menace djihadiste dans la province du lac Tchad.
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 March 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Chad.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
9 March 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Terrorism 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad's Ongoing Instability, the Legacy of Idriss Déby
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic studies
Date of Document:
3 May 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, the registration process and length of service; whether conscripts receive a notice from a recruitment office (bureau de recrutement); grounds for exemption and the possibility of alternative ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 May 2018
Accessed Date:
30 August 2018
Title:
Les défis de l'armée tchadienne. Rapport Afrique N°298.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 January 2021
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Gouvernance carcérale au Tchad regard de la LTDH
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Enjeux et conséquences de la détention sur la population carcérale et la société tchadienne
Source:
Avocats Sans Frontières
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Update: An Introduction to the Legal System and Legal Research in Chad
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Nadjita F. Ngarhodjim; Miarom Bégoto
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
La face cachée de « la Colère de Bohoma ». Rapport d'enquête de la LTDH
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Tchad : L'Agence nationale de sécurité (ANS)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 May 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Les défis de l'armée tchadienne. Rapport Afrique N°298.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 January 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Post-Déby Crackdown, Abuses
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
Title:
Chad: Killings by Security Forces in East
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 March 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Security Force Abuse Amid National Dialogue
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 September 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad: Scores of Protesters Shot Dead, Wounded
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 October 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad's Transition: Easing Tensions Online
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
13 December 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Chad. International Religious Freedom Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Treatment of members of the Gorane ethnic group [also known as Goran, Daza, Toubou, Dazaga and Dazagada] by the authorities since the presidential elections of April 2016 (April-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 October 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
The Gorane and Zaghawa ethnic groups, including their history and relationship; treatment of Gorane women by Zaghawa men; whether a single woman can relocate from N'Djamena to another area of the country, including treatment by society ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad–Sudan–Libya Triangle
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
June 2017
Author:
Jérôme Tubiana; Claudio Gramizzi
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
La Pratique de la diya au Tchad
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 September 2017
Accessed Date:
17 September 2018
Title:
Chad. The Indigenous World 2019.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2019
Author:
Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim
Accessed Date:
5 September 2019
Title:
Chad. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 February 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Tchad : Personnes relevant de la compétence du HCR
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
6 December 2022
Accessed Date:
3 February 2023
Title:
Tchad : Crise de déplacement au sud du pays
Source:
Government of Chad et al.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
10 February 2022
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 28 February 2023:
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chad
Accessed Date:
11 May 2022
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.