National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 August 2023
ISRAEL
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Israël. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
18 January 2017
Title:
Revised Route of the Security Fence According to the Government Decision of April 30, 2006
Source:
Israel. Ministry of Defence.
Date of Document:
30 April 2006
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
West Bank: Access Restrictions
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Gaza Strip: Access and Movement
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Date of Document:
21 July 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2019
Accessed Date:
4 February 2020
Title:
Israel. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel Report: Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Author:
Alex Altshuler et al.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties
Date of Document:
23 July 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Beyond Business as Usual in Israel-Palestine. Middle East Report N°225.
Source:
International Crisis Group; U.S/Middle East Project
Date of Document:
10 August 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Gaza's New Coronavirus Fears. Crisis Group Middle East Briefing N°78.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
9 September 2020
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Land Registry Regulation in the Occupied Territories
Source:
Association for Civil Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
February 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Israel. The Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
29 October 2020
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Movement in and out of Gaza: update covering March 2022
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Date of Document:
1 March 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
4 August 2023
Title:
Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Israel and Palestine. World Report 2022: Events of 2021.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel. Freedom in the World 2022.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Israel
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ISR/1
Date of Document:
13 November 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Israel
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ISR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
3 November 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Compilation on Israel
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/ISR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
10 November 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Shrinking Space for Civil Society in Israel
Source:
Arab Association for Human Rights
Date of Document:
24 May 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Israel
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
12 November 2019
Accessed Date:
4 February 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Israel
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
3 June 2016
Accessed Date:
18 January 2017
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
21 September 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel's Perpetual “State of Emergency”, Criminalizing Palestinian Civil Society and Political Dissent
Source:
Meezaan Organization for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
24 February 2017
Title:
Democracy, Human Rights, COVID-19 and Beyond
Source:
Association for Civil Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Born Without Civil Rights: Israel's Use of Draconian Military Orders to Repress Palestinians in the West Bank
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
November 2019
Author:
Omar Shakir et al.
Editor:
Eric Goldstein et al.
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Situation of human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, with a focus on the legal status of the settlements: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupie...
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
29 July 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
JCB Off Track: Evading responsibility for human rights violations committed with JCB machines in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 November 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Israel's apartheid against Palestinians: Cruel system of domination and crime against humanity
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
1 February 2022
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Devices of Palestinian Human Rights Defenders Hacked with NSO Group's Pegasus Spyware
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
November 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
The Israeli Government's Old-New Palestine Strategy. Crisis Group (with USMEP) Middle East Briefing No 86
Source:
International Crisis Group; U.S./Middle East Project
Date of Document:
28 March 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Information received from Israel on follow-up to the concluding observations on its fourth periodic report
Date of Document:
23 March 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
9 May 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Raising the Alarm: Israel's All-Out Assault on Rights Defenders
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
19 August 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Sixth periodic report submitted by Israel under article 19 of the Convention pursuant to the simplified reporting procedure, due in 2020
Date of Document:
21 December 2021
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 March 2008
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Acquisition of Israeli Nationality
Source:
Israel. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
1 January 2010
Accessed Date:
25 March 2014
Title:
Israel: Amendment Authorizing Revocation of Israeli Nationality Passed
Source:
United States. Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
23 March 2017
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Entry into Israel Law, 5712-1952
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Entry into Israel Law (Amendment No. 30), 5778-2018
Date of Document:
7 March 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2018
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Israel
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
June 2018
Author:
Yossi Harpaz; Ben Herzog
Accessed Date:
4 February 2020
Title:
Law of Return, 5710-1950 (amended 1970)
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Nationality Law, 5712-1952 (amended 1980)
Accessed Date:
23 March 2015
Title:
The Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary Provision) 5763-2003
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
COI Query Response. Israel: National legislation regarding acquisition of Israeli citizenship, and of permanent residence status.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
27 May 2021
Accessed Date:
6 December 2021
Title:
Israel and Palestine: Travel documents issued by the Israeli government to residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, including procedure and issuing authority; restrictions, including validity period; whether entry can be refused upon ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 April 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Legality of Israel's Policy Regarding the Revocation of Residency in East Jerusalem. Legal Expert Opinion.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
22 June 2016
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Israel: Jerusalem Palestinians Stripped of Status
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 August 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Israel/OPT: Israel must repeal the discriminatory Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
19 February 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Certification of Israeli Public Documents
Source:
Israel. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
21 October 2020
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Israel, the West Bank and Gaza. U.S Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
State of Israel. Election for Knesset of 1 November 2022.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
The Israeli Democracy Index 2021
Source:
Israel Democracy Institute
Author:
Tamar Hermann et al.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
In Israel, Change Coalition Ousts Netanyahu, But Little Change Expected
Source:
International Crisis Group; U.S/ Middle East Project
Date of Document:
11 June 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
About parliament. Israel: Parliament.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation; state protection and support services available to victims (March 2010-January 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 February 2013
Accessed Date:
27 March 2013
Title:
Israel. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
12 December 2019
Title:
Family law in Israel: overview
Source:
Practical Law Canada
Date of Document:
1 October 2020
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on her mission to Israel
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 January 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Summary. Femicide: A Grim Reality and Possibilities for Resistance
Source:
Kayan Feminist Organization
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
NGO Pre-Sessional Submission on Israel's Implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination...
Source:
The Working Group on the Status of Palestinian Women Citizens of Israel
Date of Document:
June 2016
Accessed Date:
18 January 2017
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention pursuant to the simplified reporting procedure. Sixth periodic report of States parties due in 2017. Israel.
Date of Document:
14 July 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Israel: Extrajudicial Sanctions Against Husbands Noncompliant with Rabbinical Divorce Rulings
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Tel Aviv To Recognize Same-Sex Civil Unions
Date of Document:
23 June 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Life for LGBT people in Israel
Date of Document:
29 February 2016
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Israel, The West Bank and Gaza.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
5 November 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Israel: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
Accessed Date:
13 December 2022
Title:
Gaza: Apparent War Crimes During May Fighting
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 July 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Gaza: Israel's May Airstrikes on High-Rises
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 August 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
A Threshold Crossed: Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Q&A: 2021 Hostilities between Israel and Palestinian armed groups
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 May 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Israel: Military Draft Law and Enforcement
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Directorate.
Date of Document:
November 2019
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Sanctions for and consequences of avoiding military service or refusing to bear arms or to follow orders from officers, including in battle zones; possibility for soldiers to sue officers for improper conduct or wrong-minded orders (March 2009-...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 February 2013
Accessed Date:
27 March 2013
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, length of service, grounds for exemption, and availability of alternative service (March 2009-January 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 February 2013
Accessed Date:
27 March 2013
Title:
Israel: High Court Strikes Down Draft Exemption for Ultra-Orthodox
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
25 September 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Israel: New Discriminatory and Anti-Democratic Legislation
Source:
Adalah - The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
The witness protection program, including the type of protection offered, the requirements and procedures to access the program, and the program's effectiveness
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 February 2012
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Legal Memo: FAQs on Main Legal Issues in East Jerusalem
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Annual Violations Report 2020
Source:
Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Update: Overview of Legal Research in Israel
Date of Document:
December 2019
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Requirements and procedures for a victim of crime to file a complaint with the police, including obtaining a copy of the complaint and effectiveness; mechanisms available to file a complaint against the police, including effectiveness (2012-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 March 2015
Accessed Date:
16 March 2016
Title:
Israeli police targeted Palestinians with discriminatory arrests, torture and unlawful force
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 June 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Israel: Abusive Policing in Lod During May Hostilities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 December 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Unwilling and Unable: Israel's Whitewashed Investigations of the Great March of Return Protests
Source:
Palestinian Centre for Human Rights
Date of Document:
December 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Israel/OPT: Continuing patterns of unlawful killings and other crimes further entrench apartheid
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 May 2022
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Outcry about Israeli TV news channel's firing of journalists
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
8 July 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Israel/Palestine: Facebook Censors Discussion of Rights Issues
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 October 2021
Accessed Date:
7 December 2021
Title:
Israel-Palestine : Four years of violence against Palestinian journalists covering “March of Return” protests
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
25 April 2022
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Israel, West Bank and Gaza. International Religious Freedom Report for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2021
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
Title:
Israel's Religiously Divided Society
Source:
Pew Research Center
Date of Document:
8 March 2016
Accessed Date:
19 January 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Israel: Discriminatory Land Policies Hem in Palestinians
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 May 2020
Accessed Date:
2 December 2020
Title:
Israel's Nation-State Law: Netanyahu Government Lays the Foundations for a Majoritarian System
Source:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
Date of Document:
October 2018
Author:
Peter Lintl; Stefan Wolfrum
Accessed Date:
6 February 2020
Title:
Situation and treatment of people who self-identify as being Jewish but are not recognized as Jewish according to halacha (Jewish religious law), including immigrants from the former Soviet Union, and differences in rights; whether people with...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 March 2016
Accessed Date:
11 March 2016
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Seventeenth to nineteenth periodic reports of States parties due in 2016. Israel.
Date of Document:
14 March 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Written statement submitted by the Meezaan Center for Human Rights, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status
Source:
Meezaan Center for Human Rights
Date of Document:
20 February 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2018
Title:
Non-Jewish Minorities and Their Access to Israeli Citizenship
Source:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
19 January 2017
Title:
NGO Pre-Sessional Report to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) for the List of Issues Prior to Reporting on Israel at the 68th Session
Source:
Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
1 July 2016
Accessed Date:
19 January 2017
Title:
Elected but restricted: Shrinking space for Palestinian parliamentarians in Israel's Knesset
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 September 2019
Accessed Date:
6 February 2020
Title:
NGO Report to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in Advance of its List of Themes for the State of Israel: Violations of the ICERD committed by the State of Israel against Palestinian citizens of Israel
Source:
Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
12 September 2019
Accessed Date:
6 February 2020
Title:
Joint NGO Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Re: List of Themes for the State of Israel: Violations of the ICERD against the Arab Bedouin citizens of Israel living in the Naqab/Negev desert
Source:
Negev Coexistence Forum for Civil Equality (NCF); Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel
Date of Document:
12 September 2019
Accessed Date:
6 February 2020
Title:
Israel. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2020
Accessed Date:
8 December 2020
Title:
Israel. The Indigenous World 2022.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2022
Author:
Elianne Kremer et al.
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
14 December 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 21 December 2022:
Title:
Israel. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/israel-west-bank-and-gaza
Accessed Date:
22 April 2022
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.