National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2023
EGYPT
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2012
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Égypte. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Title:
Egypt. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 March 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Egypt
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Country Background Note. Egypt. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Mental Health Atlas 2020.
Source:
United Nations. World Health Organization.
Date of Document:
15 April 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt Implements Extensive Pension System Changes. Africa. International Update: Recent Developments in Foreign Public and Private Pensions.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
February 2020
Author:
Ben Danforth et al.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Présentation de l'Égypte
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
29 September 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
13 July 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
Egypt. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt. Freedom in the World 2022.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt: ”Disconnected from reality”: Egypt's National Human Rights Strategy covers up human rights crisis
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 September 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt: A Return to a Permanent State of Emergency?
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
18 June 2018
Title:
Egypt's failing “War on Terror”
Source:
Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Evocations of the Arab Spring amid newly drawn armed conflicts. A brief reading of human rights trends in the Arab region
Source:
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Date of Document:
2 January 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
A Past Still Present; Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Egypt.
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
December 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Egypt
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/EGY/1
Date of Document:
21 August 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/EGY/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
2 September 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Egypt
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/EGY/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 August 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
The Nile. Alkarama Annual Report 2022.
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt: Sexually Abused Refugees Find No Justice. Lack of Investigation, Follow Up by Police.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Egypt: Treatment of former convicts by authorities and society.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
4 June 2021
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Decree No. 12025 of the Year 2004 Concerning Certain Provisions Enforcing Law No. 154 of the Year 2004 on Amendment of Certain Provisions of Law No. 26 of the Year 1975 Concerning the Egyptian Nationality.
Code:
Al-Wakaye Al-Mesreya / Government Bulletin, No. 166
Accessed Date:
5 February 2013
Title:
Law No. 26 of 1975 Concerning Egyptian Nationality
Accessed Date:
5 February 2013
Title:
Passports, including their appearance and security features; requirements and procedures to obtain a passport, including whether documents required to apply for a passport can be obtained by a proxy (2019–October 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 October 2021
Accessed Date:
19 November 2021
Title:
Egypt and Palestine: The status of a Palestinian with an Egyptian Travel Document for Palestinian Refugees in Egypt, including rights to residency, employment and education; ability to travel between Gaza and Egypt with this document (2009-2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 September 2014
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Title:
Egypt. Equal Citizens, Thriving Families, Stronger Societies: Realizing Gender-Equal Nationality Rights in the Middle East-North Africa Region.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
5 April 2018
Accessed Date:
27 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
22 March 2023
Title:
Whether travel documents issued to Palestinians have the same appearance as passports; whether these documents identify a person's legal status; what 'type p' stands for in those documents (2010-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 February 2015
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Title:
Information on national identity cards including appearance; requirements and procedures to obtain the card, and whether documents required to apply for a card can be obtained by a proxy (2010-May 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 May 2016
Accessed Date:
17 August 2016
Title:
Law # 154 for Year 2004 - Amending Some Provisions of Law No.26 of 1975 Concerning Egyptian Nationality
Date of Document:
14 July 2004
Accessed Date:
27 June 2018
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Egypt
Source:
European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: Activist Stripped of Citizenship
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 February 2021
Accessed Date:
25 November 2021
Title:
Summonses, arrest warrants, and related police or national security documents, including appearance, security features, issuance procedures, and samples; court decisions and investigation reports from the Public Prosecution Office, ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 May 2021
Accessed Date:
26 November 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Egypt: Legislation on nationality and implementation.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
24 February 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Egypt's Constitution of 2014 with Amendments through 2019
Source:
Egypt; Constitutions Comparative Project.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Egypt: Opposition to state. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
30 November 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt's Resilient and Evolving Social Activism
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Referendum of 22 April 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Treatment of members of the Muslim Brotherhood, including leaders, returnee members and suspected members, by authorities, following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi (2014-May 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 June 2017
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Election results. Egypt: House of Representatives.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
25 November 2021
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Election for President of 26 March 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Legislating Authoritarianism: Egypt's New Era of Repression
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Election results. Egypt: Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Treatment of women who do not conform to Muslim practices and traditions, including wearing a veil (head covering), in rural and urban areas; state protection (2020–April 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 May 2022
Accessed Date:
27 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
28 October 2020
Title:
Violence Has Many Prisons: A Look at Women's Experiences in Prisons and Detention Centers in Egypt
Source:
Nazra for Feminist Studies
Date of Document:
11 January 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Process for applying for divorce for women who were married in the Muslim community, including laws, difficulties and obstacles (2004-December 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Title:
State protection available to victims of spousal and family violence (2010-December 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Title:
Egypt: Sexual Violence Against Women
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Centre.
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Egypt
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Situation and treatment of single women and women who head their own households, including availability of support services and ability to access housing and employment, including in Cairo and Alexandria (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Domestic violence, including violence by former partners; legislation and state protection; support services available (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Égypte : Situation des femmes
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 August 2021
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
“No One Cared He Was A Child”. Egyptian Security Forces' Abuse of Children in Detention
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 March 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Egypt: Spate of ‘Morality' Prosecutions of Women
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 August 2020
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Review of the Arab Republic of Egypt's periodic report for the 79th Pre-Session
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Our identities under arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
LGBTQ Human Rights in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 July 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Repression in Egypt: 92 LGBTIQ+ arrests last year
Source:
The African Human Rights Media Network
Date of Document:
8 March 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Egypt: Security Forces Abuse, Torture LGBT People
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 October 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Egypt. Trans Legal Mapping Report 2019: Recognition before the law.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
September 2020
Author:
Zhan Chiam et al.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Egypt.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
3 November 2022
Accessed Date:
23 March 2023
Title:
Egypt: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 July 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Fighting Corruption Or Protecting The Regime? Egypt's Administrative Control Authority
Source:
Project on Middle East Democracy
Date of Document:
February 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
If You Are Afraid for Your Lives, Leave Sinai! Egyptian Security Forces and ISIS-Affiliate Abuses in North Sinai.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
A Challenging State: Emerging Armed Groups in Egypt
Source:
Security Assessment in North Africa; Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt: Massive Sinai Demolitions Likely War Crimes
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 March 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Whether a citizen of Egypt who is living abroad can obtain a student deferment from military service without a National Identity Card; whether an Egyptian citizen can apply for a National Identity Card from outside of Egypt
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 January 2016
Accessed Date:
17 August 2016
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, exemptions and availability of alternative service; treatment of persons who refuse or evade military service, including upon their return from abroad (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 July 2018
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
Title:
Circumstances under which evading military service or being a conscientious objector would be considered an act of political opposition by the authorities; consequences for the evader or conscientious objector (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 August 2018
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Egypt: Military Service. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Egypt: National Referendum on Constitutional Amendments Takes Place
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
5 June 2019
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: Access to the Justice System and to Legal Aid
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Center.
Date of Document:
December 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt's Judiciary: A Tool of Repression. Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence and Accountability.
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Executions in Egypt: July 2013 – December 2018
Source:
Egyptian Front for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
The State of the Justice and Security Sector in Egypt
Source:
Sweden. Migrationsverket. Lifos.
Date of Document:
10 September 2015
Accessed Date:
3 August 2016
Title:
Anti-Terrorism Law
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Crushing Humanity: The Abuse of Solitary Confinement in Egypt's Prisons
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 May 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
The death penalty in Egypt: Ten years after the uprising
Date of Document:
24 May 2021
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Permanent State of Exception: Abuses by the Supreme State Security Prosecution
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 November 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Egypt: Renewed Judicial Harassment of Rights Defenders
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
31 July 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
“What do I care if you die?”: Negligence and denial of health care in Egyptian prisons
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
25 January 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Life Restrained by State Security's Follow-up: Report on the National Security's follow-up policy towards former detainees
Source:
Egyptian Front for Human Rights
Date of Document:
22 June 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: No Pretense of Judicial Review for Hundreds
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 May 2020
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: Terrorism Laws Abused in Businessmen's Arrests
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 November 2021
Accessed Date:
25 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: Retry 36 men facing execution following unfair trials by emergency courts
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 November 2021
Accessed Date:
25 November 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
“We Do Unreasonable Things Here”: Torture and National Security in al-Sisi's Egypt
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 September 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
“Security Forces Dealt with Them”: Suspicious Killings and Extrajudicial Executions by Egyptian Security Forces
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 September 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt: Rare protests met with unlawful force and mass arrests
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
2 October 2020
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
“This will only end when you die”: National Security Agency harassment of activists in Egypt
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 September 2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
24 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Freedom on the Net 2022.
Editor:
Adrian Shahbaz et al..
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
15 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Prisons are now journalists' newrooms
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 May 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
President Sisi's puppets: TV Presenters Used to Wage War on Journalism
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
June 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. International Religious Freedom Report for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Situation of Coptic Christians and treatment by authorities and society; ability to access housing, employment, education, health care, and support services, particularly in Cairo and Alexandria; state protection (2020–April 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 May 2022
Accessed Date:
27 September 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Christians. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt and Syria: Beliefs and practices of Coptic Christians in Egypt and Syriac Orthodox Christians in Syria, including sacraments, holy days, symbols and official documents; history and structure of the Coptic Church and Syriac Church, including leadership
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 October 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Egypt: UN experts condemn execution of Coptic Christian
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
27 May 2021
Author:
Nils Melzer et al.
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Whether people who have converted from Islam to Christianity, particularly those converts who have been arrested, are able to obtain passports and leave the country (April 2010-November 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 November 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined seventeenth to twenty-second periodic reports of Egypt
Code:
CERD/C/EGY/CO/17-22
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
6 January 2016
Accessed Date:
4 August 2016
Title:
Justice Denied, Promises Broken: The Situation of Egypt's Minorities Since 2014
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Exit and entry procedures at airports and land borders; incidence of bribery of Egyptian border officials to facilitate departure by individuals with fraudulent travel documents or outstanding financial, military, or legal obligations or who...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 December 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Exit and entry procedures at airports and land borders (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Egypt as a Country of Origin. Migration Drivers Report.
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
29 July 2022
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Common Situational Analysis: Education and Health Services for Migrants and Refugees in Egypt
Source:
United Nations Egypt
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 September 2022:
Title:
Egypt. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 September 2022
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Présentation de l'Égypte
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
23 July 2021
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/egypte/presentation-de-l-egypte/
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/egypt
Accessed Date:
25 April 2022
Title:
Egypt. World Report 2022: Events of 2021.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/egypt
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
The Nile. Alkarama Annual Report 2021.
Date of Document:
24 January 2022
URL:
https://www.alkarama.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/ALK-EN-2021-Final.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Egypt.html
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Egypt: Opposition to state. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2020
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/901405/Egypt__Opposition_to_state_CPIN.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 October 2020
Title:
Egypt Country Security Report
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
14 July 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/f9535564-b44b-40f6-971b-1c31033d9a55
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Terrorism 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
December 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2020/egypt/
Accessed Date:
22 September 2022
Title:
Egypt. Freedom on the Net 2021.
Editor:
Elisha Aaron et al.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/egypt/freedom-net/2021
Accessed Date:
9 November 2021
Title:
A Fragile Egypt in a Changing World: Six Years After the Revolution
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
May 2017
URL:
https://timep.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Fragile-Egypt-in-a-Changing-World.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Executions and the Death Penalty
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
URL:
https://timep.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ExecutionstheDeathPenalty-2.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: ”Disconnected from reality”: Egypt's National Human Rights Strategy covers up human rights crisis
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 September 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/6014/2022/en/
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Egypt: Sexually Abused Refugees Find No Justice. Lack of Investigation, Follow Up by Police.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 November 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/11/24/egypt-sexually-abused-refugees-find-no-justice
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
COI Query Response. Egypt: Treatment of former convicts by authorities and society.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
4 June 2021
URL:
https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_06_EASO_COI_QUERY_RESPONSE_%20Q12_EGYPT.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Egypt: Military Service. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
October 2022
URL:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1120932/CPIN_Egypt_military_service.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
The death penalty in Egypt: Ten years after the uprising
Date of Document:
24 May 2021
URL:
https://reprieve.org/uk/2021/05/24/the-death-penalty-in-egypt-ten-year-after-the-uprising/
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Title:
Common Situational Analysis: Education and Health Services for Migrants and Refugees in Egypt
Source:
United Nations Egypt
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://egypt.un.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Joint%20Platform%20for%20Migrants%20and%20Refugees-%20First%20Report%20on%20Education%20and%20Health%20final%20%28002%29.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 March 2023
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.