National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2022
BELARUS
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Biélorussie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Belarus. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 March 2021
Accessed Date:
19 March 2021
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties: Belarus.
Date of Document:
18 January 2016
Accessed Date:
12 April 2017
Title:
EaP CSF Monitoring Mission: Belarus political and societal developments after the presidential elections
Source:
Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum
Date of Document:
1 September 2020
Author:
Hennadiy Maksak et al.
Editor:
Natalia Yerashevich et al.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Belarus
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus: Suggested issues and questions for the List of Issues Prior to Reporting
Source:
Belarusian Helsinki Committee et al.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
26 May 2022
Title:
Belarus. Human Rights in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
16 April 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. World Report 2021: Events of 2020.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. Nations in Transit 2020.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2021
Title:
Situation of human rights in Belarus. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, Anaïs Marin
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
17 July 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Belarus
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/BLR/1
Date of Document:
27 February 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/BLR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 February 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Belarus
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/BLR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
17 February 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus: Crackdown on Political Activists, Journalists: Arrests, Criminal Charges, Police Beatings Ahead of August 9 Presidential Vote
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
30 July 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law of the Republic of Belarus on Citizenship of the Republic of Belarus (As Amended in 2016)
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Country Report: Belarus
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
January 2013
Accessed Date:
28 May 2013
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
2020 Presidential Election. Preliminary report on election observation.
Source:
Belarusian Helsinki Committee
Date of Document:
9 August 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
OSCE Rapporteur's Report under the Moscow Mechanism on Alleged Human Rights Violations related to the Presidential Elections of 9 August 2020 in Belarus
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Date of Document:
5 November 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Republic of Belarus. Election for Palata Predstaviteley (Belarusian Chamber of Representatives) of 17 November 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
The United Civil [Civic] Party (UCPB, UCP) including its structure (national and local), number of members, duties of members; whether the party issues membership cards, appearance and format of membership cards, including a sample; treatment...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 May 2016
Title:
Police Crack Down On Protests In Belarus After Results Show Lukashenka Winning In Landslide
Source:
Radio Free Europe
Date of Document:
10 August 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Biélorussie : Les trois partis politiques « Hramada » (ou « Gramada ») : La Hramada sociale-démocrate biélorusse (BSDH) ; le Parti social-démocrate biélorusse, BSDP(NH) ou Assemblée populaire (Narodnaia Hramada, NH) ; et le Parti social-démocrat...
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 October 2019
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Concluding observations on the eighth periodic report of Belarus
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
25 November 2016
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Authorities breaking silence on harassment and gender-based violence in Belarus
Date of Document:
18 January 2018
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
Title:
Belarus. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
11 February 2019
Title:
Biélorussie : Situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
14 August 2020
Accessed Date:
19 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Accessed Date:
19 March 2021
Title:
4.2 Belarus. Less Equal: LGBTI Human Rights Defenders in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 December 2017
Accessed Date:
4 May 2018
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Belarus: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
1 June 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems - (No items in this section)
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Belarus Escalates Crackdown on Independent Journalism: Online News Outlet TUT.BY Stripped of Media Credentials
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 December 2020
Author:
Anastasiia Zlobina
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. Freedom on the Net 2020.
Editor:
Elisha Aaron et al.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Title:
Belarus. International Religious Freedom Report for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 June 2020
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention. Twentieth to twenty-third periodic reports of States parties due in 2016: Belarus.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
29 July 2016
Accessed Date:
12 April 2017
Title:
Report on Implementation of International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by the Republic of Belarus Prepared by Civil Society Organizations
Source:
Belarusian Helsinki Committee et al.
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 September 2019
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Belarusian labour activists pressured as political crisis drags on
Source:
openDemocracy; Global Voices
Date of Document:
26 August 2020
Author:
Maxim Edwards; Thomas Rowley
Accessed Date:
4 March 2021
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2021:
Title:
Belarus. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/belarus
Accessed Date:
23 March 2020
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
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NDPs are the responsibility of independent
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The information presented in
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IRB or the Government of Canada.