National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 October 2021
LIBERIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
September 2014
Accessed Date:
29 July 2015
Title:
Liberia. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
31 October 2012
Title:
Liberia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 October 2021
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
Title:
Final progress report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
13 April 2018
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Liberia. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties. Liberia.
Date of Document:
5 August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Liberia
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
14 February 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
June 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
Accessed Date:
13 April 2021
Title:
An Assessment of Human Rights Issues Emanating from Traditional Practices in Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Mission in Liberia.
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
21 July 2016
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant. Initial reports of States parties due in 2005. Liberia.
Date of Document:
9 December 2016
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Liberia. Freedom in the World 2021.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Liberia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/1
Date of Document:
24 August 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Liberia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
25 February 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/36/LBR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
6 March 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Information on the Liberian Initiative for the Promotion of Rights, Identity and Equality (LIPRIDE) and the Liberia Women Empowerment Network (LIWEN), including objectives; treatment of members by society and authorities (2014-January 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
COI Query Response. Liberia: Political opponents, journalists and activists; Treatment of political opponents, journalists and activists by state actors between 1 January 2019- 31 July 2021.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
9 August 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Liberia. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Aliens and Nationality Law (amended 1974)
Accessed Date:
28 July 2014
Title:
Constitution of the Republic of Liberia
Accessed Date:
31 October 2012
Title:
Appearance and security features of birth certificates and death certificates; how to obtain these documents
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 July 2017
Accessed Date:
29 August 2017
Title:
Passport appearance and security features; how to obtain a passport; passport specimen (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 July 2017
Accessed Date:
28 August 2017
Title:
ID4D Country Diagnostic: Liberia.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
15 May 2018
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Election results. Liberia: The Liberian Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Republic of Liberia. Election for President of 10 October 2017.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
2 August 2018
Title:
Republic of Liberia. Election for Liberian House of Representatives of 10 October 2017.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
2 August 2018
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Liberia: The Law and FGM
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
The Hidden War: Legal Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Fragility and Conflict
Source:
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
The Sande secret society, its activities, organization, leaders and consequences of refusing the role of leader; Sande's power, its treatment of those who speak out against or oppose its practices; state protection for individuals threatened by...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 February 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Executive Order Number 92 on Domestic Violence
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Liberian women still wait for promised action on rape
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
14 December 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Gender-Based Violence and Access to Justice: Grand Bassa County, Liberia
Source:
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
Author:
Randi Solhjell; Debey Sayndee
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Liberia
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia. State Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Rights (SOGIR) in Africa. Liberia. Country Report
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
Title:
Liberia: Country profile.
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
2 March 2019
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Liberia: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
17 April 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Landmark Swiss Conviction for Wartime Atrocities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 June 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Traditional Justice Mechanisms in Liberia
Source:
African Security Sector Network. African societal Analysis.
Date of Document:
January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 August 2017
Title:
Pragmatism and mistrust: The interaction of dispute resolution mechanisms in Liberia
Source:
Berghof Foundation
Date of Document:
1 August 2016
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Title:
Update: Liberian Legal System and Legal Research
Date of Document:
October 2019
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Understanding Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Post-Conflict Societies
Source:
Conflict Studies Quarterly
Date of Document:
January 2019
Author:
Olugbemiga Samuel AFOLAB et al.
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Police Practices in Liberia
Author:
Kari Oygard Larsen et al.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression on his mission to Liberia
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 June 2018
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
RSF urges Liberian authorities to investigate threats against journalists
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
16 December 2020
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Journalists attacked, harassed, and threatened while covering Liberian senate election
Source:
Committee to Protect Journalist
Date of Document:
28 January 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Liberia. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 16 April 2021:
Title:
Liberia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
18 January 2021
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia/
Accessed Date:
21 January 2021
Title:
Liberia. Freedom in the World 2020.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/liberia/freedom-world/2020
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Liberia.html
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Political Transition and U.S. Relations.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
15 May 2018
URL:
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45195.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Title:
Liberia. Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/liberia/
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
Liberia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 June 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-report-on-international-religious-freedom/liberia/
Accessed Date:
8 January 2021
Title:
2020 Senatorial Election Results
Source:
Republic of Liberia. National Elections Commission.
URL:
https://necliberia.org/results/
Accessed Date:
22 January 2021
Title:
Liberia: Temporary Ban on Domestic Violence, Including Female Genital Mutilation
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Research Centre.
Date of Document:
31 January 2018
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/liberia-temporary-ban-on-domestic-violence-including-female-genital-mutilation/
Accessed Date:
2 August 2018
Title:
Liberia's Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil & Political Rights: Harmful Practices and Violence against Women.
Source:
The Advocates for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
URL:
https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/uploads/liberia_fgm.pdf
Accessed Date:
12 August 2019
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
June 2021
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/liberia/presentation-du-liberia/
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Liberia: Political opponents, journalists and activists; Treatment of political opponents, journalists and activists by state actors between 1 January 2019- 31 July 2021.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
9 August 2021
URL:
https://coi.easo.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_08_Q22_EASO_COI_Query_Response_LIBERIA_OPPONENTS.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Election results. Liberia: The Liberian Senate.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
URL:
https://data.ipu.org/node/96/elections?chamber_id=13448
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
The Hidden War: Legal Responses to Intimate Partner Violence in Fragility and Conflict
Source:
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security
URL:
https://giwps.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/The-Hidden-War.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberian women still wait for promised action on rape
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
14 December 2020
URL:
https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2020/12/14/liberia-women-girls-rape-epidemic-justice
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Rights (SOGIR) in Africa. Liberia. Country Report
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
April 2020
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LR/OHCHR-UNDP-SOGIR-Report-Liberia.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
Title:
Liberia: Country profile.
Source:
Human Dignity Trust
Date of Document:
2 March 2019
URL:
https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/liberia/
Accessed Date:
22 October 2021
Title:
Liberia: Landmark Swiss Conviction for Wartime Atrocities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 June 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/18/liberia-landmark-swiss-conviction-wartime-atrocities
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Liberia: Understanding Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Post-Conflict Societies
Source:
Conflict Studies Quarterly
Date of Document:
January 2019
Author:
Olugbemiga Samuel AFOLAB et al.
URL:
http://www.csq.ro/wp-content/uploads/Olugbemiga-Samuel-AFOLABI-et-al.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
RSF urges Liberian authorities to investigate threats against journalists
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
16 December 2020
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-urges-liberian-authorities-investigate-threats-against-journalists
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Title:
Journalists attacked, harassed, and threatened while covering Liberian senate election
Source:
Committee to Protect Journalist
Date of Document:
28 January 2021
URL:
https://cpj.org/2021/01/journalists-attacked-harassed-and-threatened-while-covering-liberian-senate-election/
Accessed Date:
7 October 2021
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.