National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
16 April 2021
BURUNDI
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Burundi - Rwanda. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
6 March 2017
Title:
Burundi. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
9 August 2020
Accessed Date:
21 August 2020
Title:
Burundi. Situation sécuritaire.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
29 April 2019
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Burundi. Aperçu des besoins humanitaires 2020.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2020
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
List of all the neighbourhoods of Bujumbura, including the ethnicity and socio-economic status of the inhabitants of those neighbourhoods (2014-September 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
At what age are people considered elderly; treatment of the elderly by society and the authorities, including those who are political militants (2014-March 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 February 2018
Accessed Date:
27 March 2018
Title:
Burundi. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Source:
France. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international.
Date of Document:
9 July 2019
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report – Burundi
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
ACAPS Crisis Analysis: Burundi
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
28 May 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
28 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Burundi. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
Accessed Date:
13 April 2021
Title:
“We Will Beat You to Correct You”: Abuses Ahead of Burundi's Constitutional Referendum
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
18 May 2018
Editor:
Ida Sawyer; Babatunde Olugboji
Accessed Date:
6 March 2019
Title:
Burundi. World Report 2020: Events of 2019.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Burundi. Freedom in the World 2020.
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council Resolution 16/21: Burundi
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/BDI/1
Date of Document:
13 November 2017
Accessed Date:
20 March 2018
Title:
The situation in Burundi
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
24 October 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
“I Fled Because I was Afraid to Die”: Causes of Exile of Burundian Asylum Seekers
Source:
International Refugee Rights Initiative
Date of Document:
August 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
6 August 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/29/BDI/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Date of Document:
13 November 2017
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Conform or Flee: Repression and Insecurity Pushing Burundians into Exile
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 September 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Burundi. Human Rights in Africa: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Burundi: Prioritise human rights in election season
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Citizenship legislation; procedures for obtaining citizenship; whether dual citizenship is possible and, if so, how to obtain it; procedures for renouncing citizenship and the necessary documents; grounds for revoking citizenship
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 January 2007
Accessed Date:
13 November 2012
Title:
The requirements and procedures for obtaining a biometric passport, from within Burundi or from abroad; description of biometric passports
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 March 2014
Accessed Date:
27 March 2014
Title:
Décret N° 100/156 du 14 octobre 2003 portant, modalités pratiques d'acquisition de la nationalité burundaise par naturalisation
Accessed Date:
21 March 2013
Title:
Burundi. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Issuance, appearance and content of civil status documents, including death, birth and marriage certificates and excerpts of such certificates; issuance, appearance and content of a death certificate excerpt issued by the Civil Registrar [Bureau d'état...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2017
Title:
The format of the date of birth on a passport and whether it ever varies
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 November 2011
Accessed Date:
13 November 2012
Title:
The practices involved in issuing proof of birth documents, particularly in Bujumbura; whether proof of birth documents are normally issued at birth; if not, when they are normally issued and for what purpose; the information and documents ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 March 2012
Accessed Date:
27 March 2013
Title:
Procedure for obtaining a medical report from inside Burundi and from outside the country; whether there is a nation-wide standard format for medical reports; whether physicians are required to notify the police of injuries sustained as a result ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 January 2013
Accessed Date:
27 March 2013
Title:
Requirements and procedure to obtain or replace a national identity card (carte nationale d'identité, CNI), including age-related restrictions; CNI appearance and security features (2016-January 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 January 2020
Accessed Date:
25 March 2020
Title:
Requirements and procedure to obtain a birth certificate or a birth certificate extract; appearance and security features of such documents; administrative transactions that can be performed with each document (2017-January 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 February 2020
Accessed Date:
25 March 2020
Title:
Loi organique n°1/11 du 20 mai 2019 portant modification de la loi n°1/20 du 3 juin 2014 portant code electoral
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Burundi: Campaigns Begin Amid Clampdown
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
The Association for the Promotion of the Burundian Girl (Association pour la promotion de la fille burundaise - APFB), including its members and activities; the treatment of APFB members by the authorities and the Imbonerakure (2016-March 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 March 2017
Accessed Date:
9 March 2018
Title:
The National Liberation Forces (Forces nationales de libération, FNL) political party; the treatment of FNL members by the authorities (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
Accessed Date:
29 March 2017
Title:
La réforme électorale au Burundi: un commentaire du projet de Code électoral
Source:
University of Antwerp. Institute of Development Policy and Management.
Author:
Françoise Toyi ; Stef Vandeginste
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Arrêt RCC 3888 du 04 juin 2020
Source:
République du Burundi. Cour Constitutionnelle.
Date of Document:
4 June 2020
Accessed Date:
19 August 2020
Title:
Front for Democracy in Burundi (Frodebu), including treatment of its members and their families by government authorities (November 2004-February 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 February 2013
Accessed Date:
27 March 2014
Title:
Burundi's constitutional amendment: what do we know so far? Analysis and Policy Brief N°24.
Source:
University of Antwerp. Institute of Development Policy and Management.
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
19 March 2018
Title:
Republic of Burundi. Election for Inama
Nkenguzamateka (Burundian Senate) of 24 July 2015.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
9 December 2015
Title:
Arrêt RCC 3887 du 4 juin 2020
Source:
République du Burundi. Cour Constitutionnelle.
Date of Document:
4 June 2020
Accessed Date:
19 August 2020
Title:
L'opposition burundaise en exil
Source:
French Institute of International Relations. Programme Afrique subsaharienne.
Date of Document:
April 2017
Author:
Thierry Vircoulon
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Membership cards of the National Liberation Forces (Forces nationales de libération, FNL) party
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2014
Accessed Date:
27 March 2014
Title:
The May 2015 coup attempt, including its instigators, how it unfolded, the violent incidents and the outcome; the treatment of the coup instigators by the government (May 2015-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 October 2015
Accessed Date:
17 December 2015
Title:
Treatment of members of the Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (Mouvement pour la solidarité et la démocratie, MSD) by the authorities; MSD membership card, including the party's logo (2016-March 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 March 2019
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
Membership cards of the National Council for the Defence of Democracy - Forces for the Defence of Democracy (Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie - Forces pour la défense de la démocratie, CNDD-FDD) and their issuance (2004-2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 December 2016
Accessed Date:
22 March 2017
Title:
A First Step Toward Reform: Ending Burundi's Forced Contribution System. Africa Briefing N°153.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Policy Brief. Genre et justice transitionnelle au Burundi : entre rôles sexo-spécifiques, hiérarchies & dynamiques politique.
Date of Document:
July 2018
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined fifth
and sixth periodic reports of Burundi. Addendum: Information provided by
Burundi in follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CEDAW/C/BDI/CO/5-6/Add.1
Date of Document:
26 August 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Loi N° 1/13 du 22 septembre 2016 portant prévention, protection des victimes et répression des violences basées sur le genre.
Accessed Date:
19 March 2018
Title:
Burundi. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Burundi : Situation des minorités sexuelles et de genre
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
25 January 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Burundi. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
21 April 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Concluding observations of the Committee on the special report of Burundi requested under article 19 (1) in fine of the Convention
Code:
CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1
Source:
United Nations. Committee Against Torture.
Date of Document:
9 September 2016
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
Title:
Burundi: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
Accessed Date:
19 August 2020
Title:
Burundi and its development partners: navigating the turbulent tides of governance setbacks.
Source:
University of Antwerp. Institute of Development Policy and Management.
Date of Document:
December 2017
Author:
Nadia Molenaers; Gervais Rufyikiri; Stef Vandeginste
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
The Imbonerakure, including their activities and their ties to the authorities, specifically with the Bujumbura police; whether they are able to find a person in all parts of the country and abroad or prevent a person from exiting the ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
27 March 2018
Title:
Concluding observations of the Committee on the special report of Burundi requested under article 19 (1) in fine of the Convention. Addendum: Information received from Burundi on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.2
Date of Document:
31 October 2016
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Burundi: Rampant Abuses Against Opposition
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 June 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Rapport alternatif de la société civile à l'attention du Comité Contre la Torture sur la situation au Burundi
Source:
Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture et al.
Date of Document:
July 2016
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
Title:
Loi n° 1/27 du 29 décembre 2017 portant révision du Code pénal
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Update: The Burundi Legal System and Research
Date of Document:
March 2017
Author:
Syldie Bizimana et al.
Accessed Date:
20 March 2018
Title:
Constitutionality of Criminal Procedure and Prison Laws in Africa: Burundi
Source:
Civil Society Prison Reform Initiative
Author:
Guy-Fleury Ntwari
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
Title:
Organisation et compétence judiciaires. Codes et Lois du Burundi, deuxième édition, Tome II.
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
Title:
Procédure pénale. Codes et Lois du Burundi, deuxième édition, Tome II.
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Burundi: The Army in Crisis. Africa Report N°247.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
5 April 2017
Accessed Date:
20 March 2018
Title:
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda: Activities of Burundian militias in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Uganda, including relationship with Burundian refugees (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 March 2017
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
Recourse available to victims of violence, including state protection (2013-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 March 2015
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
“We Let Our Children Go Hungry to Pay”: Abuses Related to the 2020 Election Levy in Burundi
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
December 2019
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Burundi : Situation sécuritaire dans la province de Bururi depuis avril 2015
Source:
France. Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 May 2016
Accessed Date:
27 March 2017
Title:
Information on the police, in particular its mandate, structure, geographical distribution, and reputation; the appearance of police uniforms, vehicles, emblems and flags; whether police members carry weapons
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 December 2015
Accessed Date:
17 December 2015
Title:
Burundi, the Forgotten Crisis, Still Burns
Source:
Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Date of Document:
24 September 2019
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Loi N°1/19 du 14 septembre 2018 portant modification de la loi N°1/15 du 9 mai 2015 régissant la presse au Burundi
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
Harassment of Burundi's media intensifies for referendum
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
16 May 2018
Accessed Date:
9 March 2020
Title:
The Cruel Irony of Burundi's Media Awards
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 May 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
State of Internet Freedom in Burundi 2019
Source:
The Collaboration on International ICT Policy in East and Southern Africa (CIPESA)
Date of Document:
January 2020
Editor:
Ashnah Kalemera et al.
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
Title:
Burundi. International Religious Freedom Report for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 June 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
The situation of the Tutsi, including the Tutsi elite; their treatment by the authorities and by society; and protection provided to them (December 2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 March 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2017
Title:
The treatment of Tutsi, including women and youth, by the authorities and Imbonerakure members (2017-November 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2019
Accessed Date:
25 March 2020
Title:
Burundi. The Indigenous World 2020.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
19 August 2020
Title:
Treatment of Tutsis, in particular, young Tutsis, by the authorities; their treatment at the ports of entry (April 2015 November 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2015
Accessed Date:
17 December 2015
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Airport security screening procedures for passengers boarding international flights; reports of persons sought by the authorities being stopped at the airport by security services (2016-March 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 March 2018
Accessed Date:
27 March 2018
Title:
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda: Ability to travel from Burundi to bordering countries, including the documents required for travel and obstacles encountered at the border (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 March 2017
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
IOM Burundi Internal Displacement Trends
Source:
International Organization for Migration. Displacement Tracking Matrix.
Date of Document:
May 2020
Accessed Date:
14 August 2020
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 1 September 2020:
Title:
Burundi. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/burundi/
Accessed Date:
18 March 2020
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.