National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2020
KAZAKHSTAN
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
January 2004
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Title:
Kazakhstan. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Title:
Kazakhstan. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
26 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
20 March 2020
Title:
Kazakhstan. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
3 August 2018
Title:
Kazakhstan. World Report 2019: Events of 2018.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. Nations in Transit 2018.
Author:
Malika Tukmadiyeva
Accessed Date:
22 August 2018
Title:
Kazakhstan. Freedom in the World 2019.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Kazakhstan
Source:
United Nations. Economic and Social Council
Date of Document:
29 March 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
In the Name of Unity: Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Kazakhstan
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
December 2016
Accessed Date:
25 August 2017
Title:
Kazakhstan. The Danger of Standing up for Justice and Rights in Central Asia
Source:
International Partnership for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan: “We are like dead souls”: Life without legal capacity in Kazakhstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
12 October 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law on Citizenship (1991, amended 2017)
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Law on Documents of Identification (2013, amended 2014)
Accessed Date:
25 August 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Kazakhstan. Election for Mazhilis (Kazakh House of Representatives) of 20 March 2016.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Title:
Kazakhstan. Election for President of 9 June 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Kazakhstan.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
22 August 2018
Source:
European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity
Date of Document:
19 June 2018
Accessed Date:
22 August 2018
Title:
2017 Constitutional Reform in Kazakhstan: increasing democracy without political pluralism?
Date of Document:
28 March 2017
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence (2009, amended 2014)
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
Title:
Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities of Men and Women (2009, amended 2013)
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
Title:
Women in Kazakhstan. Wonder Foundation Insight Report.
Source:
Wonder Foundation; Kazakhstan Foundation for Cultural, Social and Educational Development
Accessed Date:
25 August 2017
Title:
Kazakhstan. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
“On the Margins”: Education for Children with Disabilities in Kazakhstan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 March 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
“That's When I Realized I Was Nobody”: A Climate of Fear for LGBT People in Kazakhstan
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 July 2015
Accessed Date:
15 July 2016
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; human rights activists; religion; sexual minorities; torture
Title:
“Don't Provoke, Don't Challenge”: The Censorship and Self-Censorship of the LGBT Community in Kazakhstan
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
29 August 2016
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; gender-based violence; human rights activists; sexual minorities
Title:
Less Equal: LGBTI Human Rights Defenders in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyszstan.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 December 2017
Page Numbers:
18-19, 27-31, 38-41, 43
Accessed Date:
3 August 2018
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Anti-Corruption Reforms in Kazakhstan. Fourth Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Accessed Date:
29 August 2018
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Terrorism 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. 2019 Crime and Safety Report: Almaty.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
3 June 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. 2019 Crime and Safety Report: Astana.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
23 May 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Kazakhstan: Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 June 2016
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
Title:
Dead End Justice: Impunity for Torture in Kazakhstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
3 March 2016
Accessed Date:
15 July 2016
Keywords:
human rights activists; torture
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Kazakhstan. Addendum. Additional information received from Kazakhstan on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CAT/C/KAZ/CO/3/Add.2
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
18 January 2017
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Think Before You Post: Closing Down Social Media Space in Kazakhstan
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 February 2017
Accessed Date:
10 July 2017
Title:
Kazakhstan. Freedom on the Net 2018.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. International Religious Freedom Report for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 June 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Kazakhstan. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Religion and the Secular State in Kazakhstan
Source:
Silk Road Studies Program. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute.
Date of Document:
April 2018
Author:
Svante E. Cornell et al.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
The Fethullah Gülen movement (Hizmet movement), including activities and regions of operation; treatment by society and authorities; state protection (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2018
Accessed Date:
20 August 2019
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Kazakhstan: Discriminations et persécutions à l'encontre des citoyens kazakhstanais d'origine ouïghoure depuis l'année 2013
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides
Date of Document:
17 January 2018
Accessed Date:
13 August 2019
Title:
Situation of Russian minorities; state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 August 2012
Accessed Date:
5 November 2012
Keywords:
institutional efficacy; legislation; minorities
Title:
Kazakhstan. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2016: Events of 2015.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
July 2016
Author:
Katya Quinn-Judge
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; minorities; religion; statistics
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 August 2019:
Title:
Kazakhstan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/kazakhstan/
Accessed Date:
20 March 2019
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.