National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2020
SUDAN
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2012
Accessed Date:
16 January 2013
Title:
Sudan. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
10 February 2020
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
Soudan. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
13 December 2016
Accessed Date:
27 February 2017
Title:
Sudan: Country Report. Country Report on Darfur.
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Sudan: Escalation of violence
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
8 January 2020
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. Situation of Persons from Darfur, Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile in Khartoum.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.; United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
August 2016
Accessed Date:
11 January 2017
Title:
Sudan: Country Report – an update. The Situation in South Kordofan and Blue Nile.
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
15 October 2018
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
18 March 2020
Title:
Sudan. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
22 February 2018
Title:
Sudan. Freedom in the World 2019.
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
26 July 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. World Report 2020: Events of 2019.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights on his visit to Sudan: Comments by the State
Date of Document:
28 August 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
19 November 2018
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Darfur COI Compilation
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
September 2017
Accessed Date:
8 February 2018
Title:
Sudan: Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee: 124th Session, 8 October - 2 November 2018
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
10 September 2018
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Human Rights Update: April – June 2019
Source:
Nubsud Human Rights Monitors Organisation
Date of Document:
30 June 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
15 October 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Sudan Change Now (SCN), including structure, leaders, objectives, activities, and membership procedures; treatment of members and supporters by the authorities (2015-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 December 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
The Nubian Congress, Ourbi Movement, and Dungala Movement including structure, leaders, objectives, activities, and branches; treatment of members by authorities and other groups (2014-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 November 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
The Sudanese Nationality Act 1994 And its amendments 2011 and 2018
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
National identity cards, including issuance procedures; information contained in the cards, including physical description (2001-June 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 July 2013
Accessed Date:
29 January 2014
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; identity documents; internal displacement; legislation
Title:
Sudan. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
Somalia and Sudan: Passports issued to Eritrean refugees by the governments of Somalia and Sudan (1960-1980)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 September 2018
Accessed Date:
18 June 2019
Title:
Whether a person born in Sudan to parents who are refugees is entitled to Sudanese citizenship; procedures and requirements to obtain citizenship; whether this applies to Eritrean nationals; efficacy of access to citizenship (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 February 2017
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a Sudanese passport, including business passports; information on appearance and security features; information on the prevalence of fraudulent passports (2015-2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2017
Accessed Date:
15 February 2018
Title:
La question de la nationalité au Soudan et au Soudan du Sud
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 April 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Sudan: marriage certificates issued by the Eritrean Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church in Khartoum
Source:
Denmark. Danish National ID Centre.
Date of Document:
8 March 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
A Question of Leadership: Addressing a Dangerous Crisis in Sudan's SPLM-N
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
8 February 2018
Title:
Safeguarding Sudan's Revolution. Africa Briefing No 281.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
21 October 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Sudan's Uncertain Transition
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
17 July 2019
Author:
Lauren Ploch Blanchard
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
The Sudanese Congress Party, including origin, structure, leadership, objectives, and activities; requirements and procedures to become a member of the party, including membership cards; treatment of party members and supporters by ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 March 2017
Accessed Date:
15 February 2018
Title:
Information on the Broad National Front (BNF), including its establishment, leadership, structure, membership requirements, purpose and mandate, areas of operation, and perception and treatment by authorities (2009-June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 May 2016
Accessed Date:
14 February 2017
Title:
Information on the Liberal Party (LP), including aims and objectives, leadership, membership procedures, and treatment by authorities (2015-March 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 March 2017
Accessed Date:
6 February 2018
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Sudan.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
'They Were Shouting 'Kill Them'': Sudan's Violent Crackdown on Protesters in Khartoum.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 November 2019
Author:
Jehanne Henry; Mausi Segun
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
The Girifna movement, including origin, objectives, members, regions of operation, activities, methods of communication within the group, funding; treatment of group members by authorities (2010-December 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 December 2014
Accessed Date:
25 February 2015
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; Internet; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture
Title:
The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), including objectives, leadership and activities; treatment by authorities (2015-February 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 February 2017
Accessed Date:
21 February 2018
Title:
Military coup of 2018, including the impact of the regime change on government operations and State institutions; situation and treatment of political opposition (2018-February 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 February 2020
Accessed Date:
27 February 2020
Title:
Intimidation and Persecution: Sudan's Attacks on Peaceful Protesters and Physicians
Source:
Physicians for Human Rights
Date of Document:
5 April 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
10 April 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Negotiations to end all wars in Sudan
Source:
Institute for Security Studies. Peace and Security Council Report.
Date of Document:
19 November 2019
Accessed Date:
18 February 2020
Title:
Violations des droits de l'homme commises par le Mouvement de libération du Soudan (SLA), en particulier les factions Abdel Wahid Mohamed el-Nur (SLA-AW) et Minni Arko Minawi (SLA-MM)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 January 2016
Accessed Date:
3 February 2017
Title:
A Crisis Normalised: Civilian perspectives on the conflict in Sudan's Blue Nile State
Source:
International Refugee Rights Initiative; National Human Rights Monitors Organisation
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
3 February 2017
Title:
Information on the Sudanese Baath Party, including aims and objectives, membership procedures, and treatment by authorities (2014-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 October 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Opposition to the government, including sur place activity. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2018
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Sudan. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
10 January 2019
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences on her mission to the Sudan
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
18 April 2016
Accessed Date:
3 February 2017
Title:
The Sudan. Children and armed conflict: Report of the Secretary-General.
Code:
A/73/907–S/2019/509
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Women and Girls Caught between Rape and Adultery in Sudan: Criminal Law Reform, 2005-2015
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
November 2015
Author:
Liv Tønnessen; Samia al-Nagar
Accessed Date:
22 December 2015
Keywords:
children; conflict; ethnic and national groups; family law; female genital mutilation; gender equality; human rights activists; internal displacement; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; religion; sexual violence
Title:
The Sudan (Darfur). Report of the Secretary-General on conflict-related sexual violence.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
29 March 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan: Gender Justice. Assessment of laws affecting gender equality and protection against gender-based violence.
Source:
United Nations Development Programme et al.
Date of Document:
December 2018
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Women at Work in Sudan: Marital Privilege or Constitutional Right?
Source:
Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society
Date of Document:
16 May 2019
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
The 'Women's and Children's Rights Organization,' including treatment of members, supporters, and participants in demonstrations against female genital mutilation (FGM) and marriage of minors during 2002-2006; treatment of women's rights advocate...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 February 2017
Title:
Child Notice Sudan
Source:
United Nations Children's Fund
Date of Document:
8 December 2016
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Sudan's new law on rape and sexual harassment: One step forward, two steps back?
Source:
African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies
Date of Document:
8 March 2016
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Weak law forbidding female genital mutilation in Red Sea State, Sudan. Sudan Working Paper. Number 1.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
May 2017
Author:
Samia al-Nagar et al.
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Criminalisation of Women in Sudan: A Need for Fundamental Reform
Source:
Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa; Redress
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
22 February 2018
Title:
Interventions for the Abandonment of Child Marriage in Sudan. Sudan Brief. Number 3.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
June 2018
Author:
Liv Tønnessen et al.
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Sudan: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
Accessed Date:
24 February 2020
Title:
Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Eastern Sudan. Sudan Report Number 2.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute et al.
Date of Document:
September 2017
Author:
Hassan A. Abdel Ati
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Ominous Threats Descending on Darfur
Date of Document:
9 November 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Terrorism 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
1 November 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. 2019 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
14 March 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
The Popular Defence Forces (PDF), including whether it is affiliated with the military; maximum age of conscription into the PDF and whether there are exemptions from service; whether individuals must serve for a three-month period, regardless of...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 May 2011
Accessed Date:
12 November 2012
Keywords:
armed groups; children; military service; police/security forces; tribes/clans
Title:
Sudan: Query Response. Query Response on (Forced) recruitment of Arabs by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army – North (SPLM/A-N)
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Information on military service, including deferment for the purpose of attending university; information on punishment for refusing or evading military service, including upon return to Sudan after an extended absence, such as since...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 October 2016
Accessed Date:
14 February 2018
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Peacemaking, Customary Laws and Institutions in Dārfūr. Sudan Working Paper. Number 6.
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
October 2016
Author:
Osman Mohamed Osman Ali; Yousif Suliman Saeed Takana
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Rapid Support Forces: Tactics of bloodshed and violence against civilians in Sudan is not new
Source:
African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies
Date of Document:
27 June 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
The Sudan Armed Forces and Prospects of Change
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
April 2016
Author:
Atta El-Battahani
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Remote-control breakdown: Sudanese paramilitary forces and pro-government militias
Source:
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Small Arms Survey.
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Sudan: a dictator is gone but persecution of the media continues
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
26 June 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. Freedom on the Net 2019.
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan: Relentless harassment, intimidation and censorship of journalists must end
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
2 November 2018
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. International Religious Freedom Report for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 June 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom 2019 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Differences between the Burhaniyya and Burhamiyya Sufi orders; information on the Burhaniyya Sufi order; treatment of followers of the Burhaniyya Sufi order by society and authorities (2014-July 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 August 2016
Accessed Date:
23 February 2017
Title:
Written statement submitted by Christian Solidarity Worldwide, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status
Source:
Christian Solidarity Worldwide
Date of Document:
4 September 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
La communauté chiite
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 January 2017
Accessed Date:
9 February 2018
Title:
Radical Intolerance: Sudan's Religious Oppression and Embrace of Extremist Groups
Date of Document:
12 December 2017
Accessed Date:
22 February 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
The situation in Abyei. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
15 October 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Sudan: Query Response. Inter-communal violence in West Kordofan; Cattle-raiding in West and South Kordofan; The ability of the State authorities to prevent and protect victims or would-be victims in West and South Kordofan.
Source:
Asylum Research Consultancy
Date of Document:
20 September 2016
Accessed Date:
20 February 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Non-Arab Darfuri. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Report of a fact-finding mission to Khartoum, Sudan. Conducted between 10 and 17 August 2018.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2018
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Procedures and requirements to obtain exit permits for Sudanese nationals to leave the country; information on entry and exit screening at Khartoum International Airport; reports of persons wanted or being sought by the authorities being stopped ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 July 2016
Accessed Date:
22 February 2017
Title:
Eritrea and Sudan: Situation of the border region between the two countries, including military and police patrols, as well as legal crossing points; information on physical obstacles to prevent crossing, such as fences and mines; number of people legally and irregularly crossing the border (2013-May 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 May 2014
Accessed Date:
16 September 2014
Keywords:
abduction; children; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of movement; government corruption; identity documents; labour; legislation; marriage; military service; police corruption; police/security forces; rejected asylum seekers; sexual violence; torture; trafficking in persons; transport infrastructure
Title:
Emerging options for durable solutions in Darfur
Source:
Forced Migration Review
Date of Document:
October 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
Title:
Soudan : Risque en cas de retour
Source:
Belgium. Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
6 February 2018
Accessed Date:
10 April 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Sudan: Return of unsuccessful asylum seekers. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2018
Accessed Date:
12 February 2019
Title:
Sudan's unrest and the challenge of understanding internal displacement
Source:
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
August 2019
Accessed Date:
19 February 2020
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 28 February 2020:
Title:
Sudan. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/sudan/
Accessed Date:
13 March 2019
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.