National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
30 September 2019
EGYPT
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2012
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Égypte. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
25 August 2016
Title:
Egypt. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 September 2019
Accessed Date:
19 September 2019
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Egypt
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Country Information and Guidance. Egypt: Background information, including actors of protection and internal relocation. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Christians. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
Accessed Date:
25 March 2019
Title:
Egypt. Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Review of 2018.
Code:
Index: MDE 12/9916/2019
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 February 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. World Report 2019: Events of 2018.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Freedom in the World 2019.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
A Fragile Egypt in a Changing World: Six Years After the Revolution
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt: A Return to a Permanent State of Emergency?
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
18 June 2018
Title:
Egypt's failing “War on Terror”
Source:
Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Human Rights Under Siege: Human Rights in the Arab Region Annual Report 2016.
Source:
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Date of Document:
10 November 2016
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
A Past Still Present. Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Egypt.
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
December 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Egypt
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/1
Date of Document:
22 July 2014
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/2: Egypt.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
18 August 2014
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Summary prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21:Egypt.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/3
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 August 2014
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Decree No. 12025 of the Year 2004 Concerning Certain Provisions Enforcing Law No. 154 of the Year 2004 on Amendment of Certain Provisions of Law No. 26 of the Year 1975 Concerning the Egyptian Nationality.
Code:
Al-Wakaye Al-Mesreya / Government Bulletin, No. 166
Accessed Date:
5 February 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Law No. 26 of 1975 Concerning Egyptian Nationality
Accessed Date:
5 February 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Information on passports including appearance; requirements and procedures to obtain a passport, and whether documents required to apply for a passport can be obtained by a proxy (2010-May 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 May 2016
Accessed Date:
17 August 2016
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Egypt and Palestine: The status of a Palestinian with an Egyptian Travel Document for Palestinian Refugees in Egypt, including rights to residency, employment and education; ability to travel between Gaza and Egypt with this document (2009-2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 September 2014
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; ethnic and national groups; identity documents; labour; minorities; nationality; penal system; rejected asylum seekers; social services
Title:
Egypt. Equal Citizens, Thriving Families, Stronger Societies: Realizing Gender-Equal Nationality Rights in the Middle East-North Africa Region.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
2 April 2018
Accessed Date:
27 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Whether travel documents issued to Palestinians have the same appearance as passports; whether these documents identify a person's legal status; what 'type p' stands for in those documents (2010-February 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 February 2015
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Information on national identity cards including appearance; requirements and procedures to obtain the card, and whether documents required to apply for a card can be obtained by a proxy (2010-May 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 May 2016
Accessed Date:
17 August 2016
Keywords:
family law; identity documents; marriage; military service; religion
Title:
Law # 154 for Year 2004 - Amending Some Provisions of Law No.26 of 1975 Concerning Egyptian Nationality
Date of Document:
14 July 2004
Accessed Date:
27 June 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Egypt's Constitution of 2014
Accessed Date:
13 August 2015
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Egypt
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
4 January 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt's Resilient and Evolving Social Activism
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: Egypt.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Treatment of members of the Muslim Brotherhood, including leaders, returnee members and suspected members, by authorities, following the removal of President Mohamed Morsi (2014-May 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 June 2017
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Election for Majlis al-Sha'b (People's Assembly) of 22 November 2015.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
3 August 2016
Title:
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
12 March 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Legislating Authoritarianism: Egypt's New Era of Repression
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
16 March 2017
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Election for Majlis al-Sha'b (People's Assembly) of 18 October 2015.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
3 August 2016
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Election for President of 26 March 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Referendum of 22 April 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Treatment of women who do not conform to Muslim practices and traditions, including wearing a veil (head covering), in rural and urban areas; state protection available to victims of mistreatment (June 2013-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 November 2014
Accessed Date:
14 August 2015
Keywords:
gender equality; gender-based violence; legislation; police efficacy; political organizations; religion; sexual violence; statistics
Title:
Egypt. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
3 January 2019
Title:
Violence Has Many Prisons: A Look at Women's Experiences in Prisons and Detention Centers in Egypt
Source:
Nazra for Feminist Studies
Date of Document:
11 January 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Process for applying for divorce for women who were married in the Muslim community, including laws, difficulties and obstacles (2004-December 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; medical records; penal system; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
State protection available to victims of spousal and family violence (2010-December 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Keywords:
domestic violence; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; medical records; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services; statistics
Title:
Egypt: Sexual Violence Against Women
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress.
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Egypt
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Situation and treatment of single women and women who head their own households, including availability of support services and ability to access housing and employment, including in Cairo and Alexandria (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Domestic violence, including violence by former partners; legislation and state protection; support services available (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Women. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Dignity Debased: Forced Anal Examinations in Homosexuality Prosecutions.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 July 2016
Accessed Date:
12 July 2016
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
LGBTQ Human Rights in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 July 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Egypt. 2019 Crime and Safety Report: Cairo.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
1 April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Terrorism 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Fighting Corruption Or Protecting The Regime? Egypt's Administrative Control Authority
Source:
Project on Middle East Democracy
Date of Document:
February 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. 2019 Crime and Safety Report: Alexandria.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
1 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
A Challenging State: Emerging Armed Groups in Egypt
Source:
Security Assessment in North Africa; Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
If You Are Afraid for Your Lives, Leave Sinai! Egyptian Security Forces and ISIS-Affiliate Abuses in North Sinai.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Whether a citizen of Egypt who is living abroad can obtain a student deferment from military service without a National Identity Card; whether an Egyptian citizen can apply for a National Identity Card from outside of Egypt
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 January 2016
Accessed Date:
17 August 2016
Keywords:
identity documents; military service
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Military service. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
March 2017
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Circumstances under which evading military service or being a conscientious objector would be considered an act of political opposition by the authorities; consequences for the evader or conscientious objector (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 August 2018
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, exemptions and availability of alternative service; treatment of persons who refuse or evade military service, including upon their return from abroad (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 July 2018
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Egypt: Parliament Should Reject Proposed Constitutional Amendments
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Access to the Justice System and to Legal Aid
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress.
Date of Document:
December 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt's Judiciary: a Tool of Repression. Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence and Impartiality.
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Executions in Egypt: July 2013 – December 2018
Source:
Egyptian Front for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
The State of the Justice and Security Sector in Egypt
Source:
Migrationsverket. Lifos.
Date of Document:
10 September 2015
Accessed Date:
3 August 2016
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; children; conflict; corruption; country overview; crime; election; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; organized crime; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture
Title:
Anti-Terrorism Law.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Crushing Humanity: The Abuse Of Solitary Confinement in Egypt's Prisons
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 May 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Executions and the Death Penalty
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
We Do Unreasonable Things Here: Torture and National Security in al-Sisi's Egypt.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 September 2017
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Press Freedom in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
24 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. Freedom on the Net 2018.
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
15 May 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. International Religious Freedom Report for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 June 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Situation of Coptic Christians, including in Cairo and Alexandria; treatment and availability of state protection (June 2017-September 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 October 2018
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
TIMEP Brief: Christians in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
10 October 2018
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Keywords:
children; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Beliefs and practices of Coptic Christians in Egypt and Syriac Orthodox Christians in Syria, including sacraments, holy days, symbols and official documents; history and structure of the Coptic Church and Syriac Church, including leadership
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 October 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Situation of Coptic Christians, including treatment; availability of state protection (2016-May 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 June 2017
Accessed Date:
30 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2019.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Whether people who have converted from Islam to Christianity, particularly those converts who have been arrested, are able to obtain passports and leave the country (April 2010-November 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 November 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; identity documents; religion
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined seventeenth to twenty-second periodic reports of Egypt
Code:
CERD/C/EGY/CO/17-22
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
6 January 2016
Accessed Date:
4 August 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; crime; ethnic and national groups; freedom of expression; legal system; legislation; minorities; race; religion; trafficking in persons
Title:
Justice Denied, Promises Broken: The Situation of Egypt's Minorities Since 2014
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
18 June 2018
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Exit and entry procedures at airports and land borders; incidence of bribery of Egyptian border officials to facilitate departure by individuals with fraudulent travel documents or outstanding financial, military, or legal obligations or who...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 December 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Keywords:
corruption; freedom of movement; government corruption; identity documents; police corruption; police/security forces
Title:
Exit and entry procedures at airports and land borders (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 September 2019
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 March 2019:
Title:
Egypt. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
6 June 2018
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html
Accessed Date:
14 June 2018
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Egypt: Women. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
March 2017
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/597489/CPIN_-_Egypt_-_Women.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Egypt
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
19 May 2017
URL:
http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/country-information-report-egypt.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. World Report 2018: Events of 2017.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2017
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2018/country-chapters/egypt
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. Freedom in the World 2018.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/egypt
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Egypt.html
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: Egypt
Source:
The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
15 December 2017
URL:
http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/egypt.html
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
8 February 2018
URL:
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33003.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
URL:
https://www.genderindex.org/country/egypt/
Accessed Date:
28 November 2014
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of movement; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; police/security forces; religion; sexual violence; statistics
Title:
Egypt. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2017
Author:
Aengus Carroll; Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
http://ilga.org/downloads/2017/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2017_WEB.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. 2017 Crime and Safety Report: Cairo.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
7 April 2017
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/12fcd560-85f8-4ada-8615-15f4ae103c25
Accessed Date:
28 June 2017
Title:
Egypt: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2018
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-trafficking-in-persons-report/egypt/
Accessed Date:
29 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. Country Reports on Terrorism 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
July 2017
URL:
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/crt_2016.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. 2017 Crime and Safety Report: Alexandria.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
25 April 2017
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/6a936fb5-21e6-4a53-971a-15f4ae1557a5
Accessed Date:
28 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. Freedom on the Net 2017.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2017/egypt
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
28 May 2018
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-report-on-international-religious-freedom/egypt/
Accessed Date:
18 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2018
URL:
http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Tier2_EGYPT.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 June 2018
Title:
Egypt. Amnesty International Report 2017/18: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/egypt/report-egypt/
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
‘Circles of hell': Domestic, public and state violence against women in Egypt
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 January 2015
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/004/2015/en/
Accessed Date:
14 August 2015
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; crime; domestic violence; election; family law; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legislation; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; religion; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture
Title:
Egypt: Prosecution Undermines Anti-Corruption Efforts
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 August 2016
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/08/09/egypt-prosecution-undermines-anti-corruption-efforts
Accessed Date:
24 August 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; freedom of expression; legal system; legislation; police/security forces; political opposition; political organizations
Title:
Egypt: ICJ condemns recent executions following unfair military trials, calls for moratorium
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
19 January 2018
URL:
https://www.icj.org/egypt-icj-condemns-recent-executions-following-unfair-military-trials-calls-for-moratorium/
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
A new purging of the judiciary: 32 judges forced into retirement for expressing their opinion
Source:
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Date of Document:
30 March 2016
URL:
https://cihrs.org/32-judges-forced-into-retirement-for-expressing-their-opinion/?lang=en
Accessed Date:
3 August 2016
Keywords:
judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; political opposition
Title:
Egypt: memorandum: Egypt's draft law on counter terrorism
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
13 August 2015
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/2269/2015/en/
Accessed Date:
4 August 2016
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; legal system; legislation; police/security forces
Title:
“We Are in Tombs”: Abuses in Egypt's Scorpion Prison
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
27 September 2016
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/09/27/we-are-tombs/abuses-egypts-scorpion-prison
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. Freedom of the Press 2017.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2017/egypt
Accessed Date:
6 June 2018
Title:
Egypt: Reverse Blasphemy Sentences Against Christian Children
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 March 2016
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/03/13/egypt-reverse-blasphemy-sentences-against-christian-children
Accessed Date:
4 August 2016
Keywords:
children; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Egypt's Christians Flee ISIS Violence: Displaced Call Security Officials' Response ‘Apathetic'
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 March 2017
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/03/13/egypts-christians-flee-isis-violence
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Egypt: Government must protect Coptic Christians targeted in string of deadly attacks in North Sinai
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
1 March 2017
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/03/egypt-government-must-protect-coptic-christians-targeted-in-string-of-deadly-attacks-in-north-sinai/
Accessed Date:
8 June 2017
Title:
Egypt. Human Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Review of 2018.
Code:
Index: MDE 12/9916/2019
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 February 2019
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/9916/2019/en/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
A Past Still Present. Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Egypt.
Source:
Equal Rights Trust
Date of Document:
December 2018
URL:
https://www.equalrightstrust.org/ertdocumentbank/Egypt_EN_online.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Egypt
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/1
Date of Document:
22 July 2014
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/1
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/2: Egypt.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
18 August 2014
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/20/EGY/2
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Election for President of 26 March 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3047/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Arab Republic of Egypt. Referendum of 22 April 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
URL:
http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3258/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Sexual Violence Against Women
Source:
United States. Law Library of Congress.
Date of Document:
October 2016
URL:
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/sexual-violence-against-women/egypt.php
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Situation and treatment of single women and women who head their own households, including availability of support services and ability to access housing and employment, including in Cairo and Alexandria (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2019
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457905
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Domestic violence, including violence by former partners; legislation and state protection; support services available (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 September 2019
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457904
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
LGBTQ Human Rights in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 July 2019
URL:
https://timep.org/reports-briefings/timep-briefs/timep-brief-lgbtq-human-rights-in-egypt/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Fighting Corruption Or Protecting The Regime? Egypt's Administrative Control Authority
Source:
Project on Middle East Democracy
Date of Document:
February 2019
URL:
https://pomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/POMED_ACAreport_FINAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
If You Are Afraid for Your Lives, Leave Sinai! Egyptian Security Forces and ISIS-Affiliate Abuses in North Sinai.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 May 2019
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/05/28/if-you-are-afraid-your-lives-leave-sinai/egyptian-security-forces-and-isis
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Circumstances under which evading military service or being a conscientious objector would be considered an act of political opposition by the authorities; consequences for the evader or conscientious objector (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 August 2018
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457563
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, exemptions and availability of alternative service; treatment of persons who refuse or evade military service, including upon their return from abroad (2016-July 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 July 2018
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457544
Accessed Date:
20 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Parliament Should Reject Proposed Constitutional Amendments
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2019
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/0147/2019/en/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Executions in Egypt: July 2013 – December 2018
Source:
Egyptian Front for Human Rights et al.
Date of Document:
April 2019
URL:
https://egyptianfront.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Execution-in-Egypt.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Anti-Terrorism Law.
URL:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Egypt_Anti-Terror_Law_Translation.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Egypt: Crushing Humanity: The Abuse Of Solitary Confinement in Egypt's Prisons
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
7 May 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/8257/2018/en/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Executions and the Death Penalty
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
17 June 2019
URL:
https://timep.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ExecutionstheDeathPenalty-2.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Press Freedom in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
24 May 2019
URL:
https://timep.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Press-Freedoms-Issue-Brief.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
The Law Regulating the Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
15 May 2019
URL:
https://timep.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/SCMR-Law-5-15-2019-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Situation of Coptic Christians, including in Cairo and Alexandria; treatment and availability of state protection (June 2017-September 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 October 2018
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457604
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
Title:
TIMEP Brief: Christians in Egypt
Source:
The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
Date of Document:
10 October 2018
URL:
https://timep.org/reports-briefings/timep-brief-christians-in-egypt/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Keywords:
children; legal system; legislation; minorities; religion
Title:
Justice Denied, Promises Broken: The Situation of Egypt's Minorities Since 2014
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
January 2019
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/publications/justice-denied-promises-broken-the-situation-of-egypts-minorities-since-2014/
Accessed Date:
16 September 2019
Title:
Exit and entry procedures at airports and land borders (2017-September 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 September 2019
URL:
https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457899
Accessed Date:
26 September 2019
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