National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 October 2017
TOGO
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
7 November 2012
Title:
Togo. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 October 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo. Questionnaire Unifié des Indicateurs de Base du Bien-Être 2015.
Date of Document:
April 2016
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
Title:
Togo. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
25 December 2015
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. COI Compilation.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
August 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
8 March 2017
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2016/2017: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
10 October 2017
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2017.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Rapport d'activités. Exercice 2015.
Source:
Togo. Commission nationale des droits de l'homme.
Date of Document:
20 September 2016
Accessed Date:
20 October 2016
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Togo
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 December 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/TGO/1
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Togo Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Loi sur la nationalité togolaise
Accessed Date:
24 September 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; nationality
Title:
Chapitre II – Le droit à une nationalité. Loi No.2007-017 du 6 juillet 2007 portant code de l'enfant.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Procedures for issuing a passport abroad, particularly from Canada; whether it is necessary to go to the embassy; whether passports are produced at the embassy or in Togo
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Togo Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. Assemblée nationale (National Assembly).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
17 February 2017
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Togolese Republic. Election for President of 25 April 2015.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
15 September 2015
Title:
The National Alliance for Change (Alliance nationale pour le changement, ANC), including its structure, the treatment of its members by the government and the issuance of membership cards (2010-May 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 May 2013
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; identity documents; judicial efficacy; police efficacy; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; torture
Title:
Combat for Political Change 2015 (Combat pour l'alternance politique en 2015, CAP 2015), including its objectives, structure, leaders and activities; demonstration of 21 November 2014, including the violence that occurred
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
Accessed Date:
25 September 2015
Keywords:
political opposition
Title:
Togo: Security forces, political parties must exercise restraint after call for fresh protests today.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 October 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo: Referendum to Be Held on Constitutional Reform
Source:
United States. The Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
28 September 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Loi portant modification de l'ordonnance n°80-16 du 31 janvier portant code des personnes et de la famille
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Les mariages forcés au Togo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2016
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Togo. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
15 September 2015
Keywords:
children; citizenship; disappeared persons; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; political activities; religion; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Whether the first born son and/or the only son born into a family has a customary obligation to become a voodoo priest; consequences for refusal (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 August 2016
Accessed Date:
25 October 2016
Title:
Submission for the Universal Periodic Review of Togo - Sex Discrimination in the Nationality Law
Source:
Equality Now; Questions des Femmes
Date of Document:
16 May 2016
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. State Sponsored Homophobia 2017: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition. 12th Edition.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2017
Author:
Aengus Carroll; Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Contribution conjointe pour l'examen périodique universel du Togo sur les droits sexuels et reproductifs 26e session - octobre 2016
Source:
Afrique Arc-En-Ciel; Sexual Rights Initiative
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Les Togolais acceptent les différences sociales à l'exception de celles d'orientation sexuelle. Dépêche No. 34.
Source:
Afrobaromètre; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
2 June 2015
Author:
Ekoutiamé A. Ahlin et al.
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Togo (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
17 March 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Conflict Trends (No. 62). Real-Time Analysis of African Political Violence, October 2017. Togo.
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Loi No 2015-10 du 24 Novembre 2015 portant nouveau code pénal
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Visit to Togo conducted 1 to 10 December 2014: findings and recommendations for the State party. Report of the Subcommittee.
Source:
United Nations. Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
28 April 2016
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo's judicial system marked by popular distrust, perceptions of corruption. Dispatch No. 147.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
18 May 2017
Author:
Pauline M. Wambua; Carolyn Logan
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Togo. Freedom of the Press 2016.
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Communication soumise par la plateforme des ONG Togolaises pour la liberté d'expression
Source:
Coalition Togolaise des Défenseurs des Droits Humains et al.
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 August 2017
Accessed Date:
30 October 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race - (No items in this section)
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Migration au Togo. Profil National 2015.
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Author:
Kodjo Segniagbeto; Sénamé Dodzi Kossi
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2017:
Title:
Togo. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
October 2016
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/to.html
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
Title:
Togo. Amnesty International Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/togo/report-togo/
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. Freedom in the World 2016.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2016/togo
Accessed Date:
3 October 2016
Title:
Togo Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/fees/reciprocity-by-country/TO.html
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Togo. Assemblée nationale (National Assembly).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
23 March 2015
URL:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2315.htm
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition of Same-Sex Love.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2016
URL:
http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2016/258878.htm
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. 2016 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
5 February 2016
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=19602
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Togo. International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2016&dlid=268706
Accessed Date:
5 October 2016
Title:
Togo. Human Rights - A Long Way to Go. Amnesty International Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review, October - November 2016.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 May 2016
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr57/3852/2016/en/
Accessed Date:
19 August 2016
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders, Margaret Sekaggya. Addendum, Mission to Togo.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
26 February 2014
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/534e74fa4.html
Accessed Date:
24 September 2014
Keywords:
election; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual minorities; torture; witness protection
Title:
Republic of Togo Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 26th Session of the UPR Working Group
Source:
CIVICUS; Concertation Nationale de la Société Civile du Togo
Date of Document:
24 March 2016
URL:
http://www.civicus.org/images/CIVICUS%20CNSC%20Joint%20Togo%20UPR%20Submission.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 October 2016
Title:
Compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/TGO/2
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
22 August 2016
URL:
http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?c=185&su=183
Accessed Date:
19 October 2016
Title:
Summary prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21: Togo
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/26/TGO/3
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
17 August 2016
URL:
http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?c=185&su=183
Accessed Date:
20 October 2016
Title:
Concluding Observations on the Sixth and Seventh Periodic Reports of Togo, Adopted by the Committee at Its Fifty-Third Session (1-19 October 2012)
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
8 November 2012
URL:
http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CEDAW%2fC%2fTGO%2fCO%2f6-7&Lang=en
Accessed Date:
24 September 2013
Keywords:
children; citizenship; female genital mutilation; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; nationality; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Title:
Forced marriage, particularly in Lomé, including its prevalence, the consequences of a refusal, and the treatment by society and the government of women who refuse a forced marriage; state protection and services (2010-February 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 April 2013
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455207&pls=1
Accessed Date:
24 September 2014
Keywords:
children; gender equality; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; religion; sexual violence
Title:
Togo. COI Compilation.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
August 2016
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/58d0eabe4.html
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Togo. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2017.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2017
URL:
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2016-2017/africa/togo.html
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Togo
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
30 December 2016
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/34/4
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Chapitre II – Le droit à une nationalité. Loi No.2007-017 du 6 juillet 2007 portant code de l'enfant.
URL:
http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/togo-loi-no-2007-017-du-6-juillet-2007-portant-code-de-denfant/
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Procedures for issuing a passport abroad, particularly from Canada; whether it is necessary to go to the embassy; whether passports are produced at the embassy or in Togo
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457255
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo: Security forces, political parties must exercise restraint after call for fresh protests today.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
18 October 2017
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/10/togo-forces-de-securite-et-partis-politiques-doivent-faire-preuve-de-retenue/
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Togo: Referendum to Be Held on Constitutional Reform
Source:
United States. The Law Library of Congress. Global Legal Monitor.
Date of Document:
28 September 2017
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/togo-referendum-to-be-held-on-constitutional-reform/
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Loi portant modification de l'ordonnance n°80-16 du 31 janvier portant code des personnes et de la famille
URL:
http://www.assemblee-nationale.tg/images/documents/Loi-portant-modification-du-code-des-personnes-et-de-la-famille-Copy.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Les mariages forcés au Togo
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 October 2016
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1610_tgo_mariages_forces.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Les Togolais acceptent les différences sociales à l'exception de celles d'orientation sexuelle. Dépêche No. 34.
Source:
Afrobaromètre; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
2 June 2015
Author:
Ekoutiamé A. Ahlin et al.
URL:
http://afrobarometer.org/publications/ad34-les-togolais-acceptent-les-differences-sociales-lexception-de-celles-dorientation
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Conflict Trends (No. 62). Real-Time Analysis of African Political Violence, October 2017. Togo.
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
October 2017
URL:
https://www.acleddata.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ACLED_Conflict-Trends-Report_October2017_FINAL.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Loi No 2015-10 du 24 Novembre 2015 portant nouveau code pénal
URL:
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/104616/127692/F-194593081/TGO-104616.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 October 2017
Title:
Visit to Togo conducted 1 to 10 December 2014: findings and recommendations for the State party. Report of the Subcommittee.
Source:
United Nations. Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
Date of Document:
28 April 2016
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/CAT/OP/TGO/1
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Togo's judicial system marked by popular distrust, perceptions of corruption. Dispatch No. 147.
Source:
Afrobarometer; Center for Research and Opinion Polls
Date of Document:
18 May 2017
Author:
Pauline M. Wambua; Carolyn Logan
URL:
http://afrobarometer.org/publications/ad147-togos-judicial-system-marked-popular-distrust-perceptions-corruption
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
Communication soumise par la plateforme des ONG Togolaises pour la liberté d'expression
Source:
Coalition Togolaise des Défenseurs des Droits Humains et al.
Date of Document:
November 2016
URL:
https://www.upr-info.org/sites/default/files/document/togo/session_26_-_november_2016/js6_upr26_tgo_f_main.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.