National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 September 2017
CHAD
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Title:
Tchad. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Title:
Chad. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 September 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Tchad. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
24 December 2015
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Tchad. Aperçu des besoins humanitaires 2017.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Chad. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
8 March 2017
Title:
Chad. Amnesty International Report 2016/17: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Chad. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
28 September 2016
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Chad
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 January 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
children; conflict; crime; ethnic and national groups; female genital mutilation; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; military service; penal system; police efficacy; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Rapport alternatif de la FIACAT et de l'ACAT Tchad pour l'adoption d'une liste de points à traiter avant soumission du rapport à l'occasion de l'examen du quatrième rapport périodique du Tchad sur la mise en œuvre du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques
Source:
Fédération internationale de l'Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture; Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture au Tchad
Date of Document:
April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Between Recession and Repression: The Rising Cost of Dissent in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Rapport sur la situation des Droits de l'Homme Du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 decembre 2016
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Chad Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Décret n 211/PG.-INT. du 6 novembre 1963 portant application du code de la nationalité tchadienne
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; identity documents; legislation; marriage
Title:
Citizenship laws, including methods by which a person may obtain citizenship; whether dual citizenship is recognized and if so, how it is acquired; process for renouncing citizenship and related documentation; grounds for withdrawing citizenship
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 April 2007
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation
Title:
Chad. Birth Registration – Phase Two. A Comparative Report Prepared for UNICEF.
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Permis de Conduire. Document: TCD-FO-01001.
Source:
European Council. Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Documents Online.
Date of Document:
7 May 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Chad. Election for President (President) of 10 April 2016.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
28 September 2016
Title:
The Party for Freedom and Development (Parti pour les libertés et le développement, PLD), including its objectives, activities and membership cards; the disappearance of party leader Ibni Oumar Mahamat Saleh; the treatment of party members by authorities (2013-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2014
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 - Chad Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
The Chadian Human Rights League (Ligue tchadienne des droits de l'homme, LTDH), including its structure, its objectives and activities; treatment of LTDH members by the authorities
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 August 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
children; ethnic and national groups; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; minorities; police corruption; police/security forces; statistics
Title:
The Chadian Non-Violence Association (Tchad Non Violence, TNV), including its leaders, structure, mission and activities; treatment of the organization's members by the authorities
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 January 2014
Accessed Date:
26 September 2014
Keywords:
children; corruption; election; freedom of expression; gender equality; government corruption; human rights activists; penal system; police corruption; police/security forces; political opposition; social services; statistics
Title:
Treatment of political opponents, including opposition party activists and those suspected of being so (January 2016-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 December 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
The Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic (Cadre d'action populaire pour la solidarité et l'unité de la République, CAP-SUR) political party, including the treatment of its members by the authorities since ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2017
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Information on the Mouvement d'action pour le changement au Tchad (MACT), including ideology, activities, and structure within and outside Chad; treatment of members, leaders and their families, by authorities (2012-December 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2016
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
National Union of Chadian Students (Union nationale des étudiants tchadiens, UNET), including the arrest of its leader in 2015; outcome of his trial; circumstances of his release; demonstrations organized by UNET; reaction of authorities to demonstrations (2015-April 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 April 2016
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Public servant strike in September 2015, especially in the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization; organizing union, duration, demands and development; government response, including arrests (September 2015-March 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 March 2016
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (Union des forces pour la démocratie et le développement, UFDD), including origins, structure, ideology and activities; treatment of UFDD members and their families by authorities; whether state agents harass or abduct UFDD members in Saudi Arabia or members of their families (2006-October 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 October 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Movement for Peace and Development in Chad (Mouvement pour la paix et le développement du Tchad, MPDT), including its structure, objectives, leaders and activities; its membership cards; current situation of the former leader of the party, Mahamat Abdoulaye; treatment of party members by authorities (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 February 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
The National Union for Development and Renewal (Union nationale pour le développement et le renouveau, UNDR), including its composition, activities and regions of influence; the treatment of its members and sympathizers by authorities, including during the 2016 election campaign (2014-January 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 February 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Treatment of revolutionary movement sympathizers by authorities along the border with Libya (2011-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2016
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les manifestations estudiantines à N'Djamena du 9 mars 2015 et du 4 et 6 février 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 March 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Chad. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
1 September 2015
Keywords:
abduction; children; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of movement; gender equality; gender-based violence; internal displacement; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; police efficacy; religion; sexual violence; social services; statistics
Title:
Forced marriage in Chad, particularly whether an educated woman can flee a forced marriage and the protection she is offered by the authorities and NGOs; whether an educated woman may live alone in N'Djamena and Moundou
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 September 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Custom of levirate, particularly the tradition among the Zakawa [Zagawa, Zaghawa, Zakhawa], including frequency and recourse available to victims; possibility of a woman living alone in major cities (2014-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 July 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Child custody rights when the father is deceased, including the mother's rights if she refuses levirate (2014-2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les mariages forcés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 April 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Situation of sexual minorities, including legislation; treatment by government and society, including in N'Djamena; state protection and support services (2011-July 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 July 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
Title:
Chad joins list of now 77 countries with anti-LGBT laws
Date of Document:
14 December 2016
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Whether the draft penal code was adopted; the situation of sexual minorities, including their treatment by the government and society, especially in N'Djamena, state protection and support services (September 2014-November 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2015
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Chad (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Fighting Boko Haram in Chad: Beyond Military Measures. Africa Report N°246.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 March 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Chad. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 March 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Military service, including age of recruitment, enrollment procedure and duration of service; whether conscripts receive notification from regional recruitment office; reasons for exemption and the possibility of performing alternative ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 March 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
children; corruption; ethnic and national groups; legislation; military service; police corruption; statistics; tribes/clans
Title:
Chad. Concerns about Chad's child protection record one year after delisting.
Source:
Child Soldiers International
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Gouvernance Carcerale au Tchad regard de la LTDH
Source:
La Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Enjeux et conséquences de la détention sur la population carcérale et la société tchadienne
Source:
Avocats Sans Frontières
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Police and security forces, including structure, divisions, and ranks (2013-April 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 April 2014
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
legislation; police/security forces
Title:
Chad. Freedom of the Press 2015.
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad. International Religious Freedom Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 August 2017
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Treatment of members of the Gorane ethnic group [also known as Goran, Daza, Toubou, Dazaga and Dazagada] by the authorities since the presidential elections of April 2016 (April-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 October 2017
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
The Gorane and Zaghawa ethnic groups, including their history and relationship; treatment of Gorane women by Zaghawa men; whether a single woman can relocate from N'Djamena to another area of the country, including treatment by society ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 December 2013
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; judicial efficacy; minorities; political activities
Title:
Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad–Sudan–Libya Triangle
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
June 2017
Author:
Jérôme Tubiana; Claudio Gramizzi
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2017:
Title:
Chad. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
16 September 2016
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html
Accessed Date:
28 September 2016
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Chad. Amnesty International Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/chad/report-chad/
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/fees/reciprocity-by-country/CD.html
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2016/258742.htm
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad. International Religious Freedom Report 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
14 October 2015
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=256007
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Annual Report 2015 – Chad
Source:
International Committee of the Red Cross
Date of Document:
May 2016
URL:
https://app.icrc.org/files/2015-annual-report/files/2015_ar_chad.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad: In the name of security? Arrests, detentions and restrictions on freedom of expression in Chad.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
24 October 2013
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr20/007/2013/en/
Accessed Date:
1 September 2015
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; disappeared persons; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; labour; legal system; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; state surveillance; torture
Title:
Chad: Between Ambition and Fragility. Africa Report No 233.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 March 2016
URL:
http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/central-africa/chad/233-chad-between-ambition-and-fragility.aspx
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Chad. Conflict Trends (No. 47) Real-Team Analysis of African Political Violence.
Source:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
April 2016
URL:
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/3230_1460633884_acled-conflict-trends-report-no-47-april-2016-pdf.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Coming into force of the new penal code, particularly article 361 bis, including the process for enacting this code (September 2014-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 December 2014
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=456695
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
Briefing on the Status of Implementation of the June 2011 Action Plan on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups in Chad and its 10-Point Roadmap
Source:
Child Soldiers International
Date of Document:
13 March 2014
URL:
http://www.child-soldiers.org/research_report_reader.php?id=748
Accessed Date:
1 September 2015
Keywords:
armed groups; children; conflict; institutional efficacy; legal system; legislation; police/security forces
Title:
Chad: Light must be shed on the fate of missing people
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 April 2016
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/04/chad-light-must-be-shed-on-the-fate-of-missing-people/
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Treatment of members of the Gorani ethnicity by the authorities; treatment of former members of Hissène Habré's government and their families by society and authorities (2013- February 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 March 2014
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=455185&pls=1
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; family law; freedom of movement; gender equality; marriage; minorities; political activities; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Chad. Global Overview 2014: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
14 May 2014
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/53747489d.html
Accessed Date:
23 September 2014
Keywords:
armed groups; ethnic and national groups; internal displacement; statistics
Title:
Tchad. Aperçu des besoins humanitaires 2017.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
November 2016
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/tchad-aper-u-des-besoins-humanitaires-2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Rapport alternatif de la FIACAT et de l'ACAT Tchad pour l'adoption d'une liste de points à traiter avant soumission du rapport à l'occasion de l'examen du quatrième rapport périodique du Tchad sur la mise en œuvre du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques
Source:
Fédération internationale de l'Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture; Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture au Tchad
Date of Document:
April 2017
URL:
http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/TCD/INT_CCPR_ICS_TCD_27154_F.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Between Recession and Repression: The Rising Cost of Dissent in Chad
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 September 2017
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr20/7045/2017/en/
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Rapport sur la situation des Droits de l'Homme Du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 decembre 2016
Source:
Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
URL:
http://www.laltdh.org/pdf/rapport_dh_2016.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Chad. Birth Registration – Phase Two. A Comparative Report Prepared for UNICEF.
Date of Document:
May 2016
URL:
http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/UNICEF-Comp-laws-Birth-Registration2_2016.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Permis de Conduire. Document: TCD-FO-01001.
Source:
European Council. Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Documents Online.
Date of Document:
7 May 2017
URL:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/prado/EN/TCD-FO-01001/index.html#
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Treatment of political opponents, including opposition party activists and those suspected of being so (January 2016-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 December 2016
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457219
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
The Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic (Cadre d'action populaire pour la solidarité et l'unité de la République, CAP-SUR) political party, including the treatment of its members by the authorities since ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2017
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457230
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Information on the Mouvement d'action pour le changement au Tchad (MACT), including ideology, activities, and structure within and outside Chad; treatment of members, leaders and their families, by authorities (2012-December 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 December 2016
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=456851
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Treatment of revolutionary movement sympathizers by authorities along the border with Libya (2011-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2016
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457216
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les manifestations estudiantines à N'Djamena du 9 mars 2015 et du 4 et 6 février 2016
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
1 March 2017
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1702_tcd_manif_n_djamena_2015_2016_105603.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Child custody rights when the father is deceased, including the mother's rights if she refuses levirate (2014-2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 December 2016
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457229
Accessed Date:
28 September 2017
Title:
Tchad : Les mariages forcés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
11 April 2017
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1704_tcd_mariages_forces.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Chad joins list of now 77 countries with anti-LGBT laws
Date of Document:
14 December 2016
URL:
https://76crimes.com/2016/12/14/chad-joins-list-of-now-77-countries-with-anti-lgbt-laws/
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Fighting Boko Haram in Chad: Beyond Military Measures. Africa Report N°246.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 March 2017
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/246-fighting-boko-haram-chad-beyond-military-measures
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Chad. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
21 March 2017
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=21491
Accessed Date:
26 September 2017
Title:
Chad. Concerns about Chad's child protection record one year after delisting.
Source:
Child Soldiers International
Date of Document:
28 July 2015
URL:
https://www.child-soldiers.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=4045785c-51a3-4a9a-a361-2ed44f98a0be
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Gouvernance Carcerale au Tchad regard de la LTDH
Source:
La Ligue Tchadienne des Droits de l'Homme
Date of Document:
November 2016
URL:
http://www.laltdh.org/pdf/rapport_gouvernance_carcerale.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Enjeux et conséquences de la détention sur la population carcérale et la société tchadienne
Source:
Avocats Sans Frontières
Date of Document:
October 2016
URL:
http://www.asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ASF_CHAD_ED%C3%A9tention_201610_FR.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Treatment of members of the Gorane ethnic group [also known as Goran, Daza, Toubou, Dazaga and Dazagada] by the authorities since the presidential elections of April 2016 (April-October 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 October 2017
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=457215
Accessed Date:
20 September 2017
Title:
Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad–Sudan–Libya Triangle
Source:
Small Arms Survey
Date of Document:
June 2017
Author:
Jérôme Tubiana; Claudio Gramizzi
URL:
http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2017/highlight-hsba-wp43.html
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
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