National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 July 2017
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
March 2007
Accessed Date:
30 October 2012
Title:
Bosnie-Herzégovine. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
26 July 2016
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
17 July 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Amnesty International Report 2016/17: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. World Report 2017: Events of 2016.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2017
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Commission Staff Working Document. Bosnia and Herzegovina 2016 Report.
Code:
SWD(2016) 365 final
Source:
European Union. European Commission.
Date of Document:
9 November 2016
Page Numbers:
6-30; 41-42; 67-75
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nations in Transit 2017.
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
4 December 2014
Accessed Date:
14 July 2015
Keywords:
children; conflict; corruption; crime; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; organized crime; race; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
Civil Rights Defenders
Date of Document:
9 June 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
conflict; corruption; freedom of expression; human rights activists; legislation; minorities; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services
Title:
ECRI Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina (fifth monitoring cycle)
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
28 February 2017
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Focus.
Source:
European Asylum Support Office
Date of Document:
November 2016
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
13 April 2017
Accessed Date:
11 July 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law on Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unofficial Consolidated Text.
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Accessed Date:
28 July 2017
Title:
Country Report: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
European University Institute. EUDO Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
January 2013
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
citizenship; conflict; ethnic and national groups; identity documents; legislation; political activities
Title:
Bylaw of 2014 on Specified Evidence of Eligibility for Acquisition of the Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina through Naturalization or Facilitated Naturalization
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ministry of Civil Affairs.
Accessed Date:
25 July 2014
Keywords:
identity documents
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Report.
Source:
Gütersloh Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; conflict; corruption; crime; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; minorities; organized crime; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; social services; torture
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Political parties
Source:
European Parliament
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Election for President of 12 October 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
14 July 2015
Keywords:
election; political activities; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Election for Predstavnicki Dom (House of Representatives) of 12 October 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
14 July 2015
Keywords:
election; political activities; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Election for Dom Naroda (House of Peoples) of 12 October 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
16 July 2015
Keywords:
election; political activities; statistics
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
A Decree on the Proclamation of the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Accessed Date:
25 July 2014
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; legislation; marriage; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Follow-up Report on the Implementation by Bosnia and Herzegovina's of the Recommendations Issued by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in July 2013.
Source:
Track Impunity Always (TRIAL) et al.
Date of Document:
July 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
children; conflict; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services; torture
Title:
Combating Impunity for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina Progress and Challenges (2004-2014)
Source:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Date of Document:
13 July 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
children; conflict; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Compilation of Country Profiles. WAVE Report 2015.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
Date of Document:
July 2016
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Annual Report on the State of Women's Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Orange Report 2016.
Source:
Sarajevo Open Centre
Date of Document:
February 2016
Author:
Saša Gavrić et al.
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
children; conflict; domestic violence; gender equality; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe. 6th Edition.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in BIH. Pink Report 2016.
Source:
Sarajevo Open Centre
Date of Document:
April 2016
Author:
Vladana Vasić et al.
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
crime; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legislation; political activities; sexual minorities
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Bosnia-Herzegovina. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
6 March 2017
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Country Reports on Terrorism 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
July 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Fourth Evaluation Round. Corruption prevention in respect of members of parliament, judges and prosecutors. Evaluation Report: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Code:
Greco Eval IV Rep (2015) 2E
Source:
Council of Europe. Group of States Against Corruption.
Date of Document:
22 February 2016
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
corruption; crime; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; sexual violence; social services; witness protection
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
11.
Media Freedoms - (No items in this section)
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Fourth Report submitted by Bosnia and Herzegovina pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Code:
ACFC/SR/IV(2016)007
Source:
Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees.
Date of Document:
October 2016
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Bosnian Baby Beats Ethnically-Divided System
Source:
Balkan Investigative Reporting Network
Date of Document:
16 February 2015
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; identity documents; legal system; nationality
Title:
Collateral Damage of the Dayton Peace Agreement: Discrimination Against Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Twenty Years On
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
14 December 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Title:
Alternative Report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD). Minority Rights Group International : Review of the Periodic Report of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
15 May 2015
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; legal system; legislation; minorities; nationality; political activities; race; social services
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Global Overview 2015: People internally displaced by conflict and violence - Protracted displacement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
6 May 2015
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Keywords:
conflict; ethnic and national groups; humanitarian situation; internal displacement; legal system; minorities; statistics
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2017:
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Amnesty International Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/bosnia-and-herzegovina/report-bosnia-and-herzegovina/
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
conflict; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; Internet; legal system; legislation; minorities; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; torture; witness protection
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. World Report 2016 Events of 2015.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2016
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/country-chapters/bosnia-and-herzegovina
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; conflict; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; internal displacement; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; political activities; race; religion; sexual minorities; social services; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Freedom in the World 2015.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2015/bosnia-and-herzegovina#.VafqwWfbLcs
Accessed Date:
29 July 2015
Keywords:
children; corruption; crime; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; identity documents; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; minorities; nationality; organized crime; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Commission Staff Working Document Bosnia and Herzegovina 2015 Report.
Code:
SWD(2015) 214 final
Source:
European Union. European Commission.
Date of Document:
10 November 2015
Page Numbers:
6-29; 38-40; 58-63
URL:
http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2014/20141008-bosnia-and-herzegovina-progress-report_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
children; conflict; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; domestic violence; drug trafficking; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; nationality; organized crime; penal system; police/security forces; political activities; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture; trafficking in persons; witness protection
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nations in Transit 2016.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2016/bosnia-and-herzegovina
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
children; citizenship; conflict; corruption; crime; document fraud; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; identity documents; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial efficacy; legislation; minorities; nationality; organized crime; penal system; police corruption; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; religion; sexual minorities; social services; statistics; warrants; witness protection
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Wave Report 2014. Specialized Women's Support Services and New Tools for Combatting Gender-Based Violence in Europe.
Source:
Women Against Violence Europe
URL:
http://www.wave-network.org/sites/default/files/01%20WAVEREPORT_2014.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; gender equality; gender-based violence; sexual violence; social services; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. ILGA-Europe.
Date of Document:
May 2016
URL:
http://www.ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/2016/full_annual_review.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
police/security forces; sexual minorities; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Tier 2 Watch List). Trafficking in Persons Report 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
July 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2016/258729.htm
Accessed Date:
26 July 2016
Keywords:
children; gender-based violence; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; police efficacy; political activities; sexual violence; social services; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Bosnia-Herzegovina. 2016 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
23 February 2016
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=19155
Accessed Date:
27 July 2016
Keywords:
armed groups; crime; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; organized crime; police/security forces; religion; sexual violence; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Country Reports on Terrorism 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015/257516.htm
Accessed Date:
26 July 2016
Keywords:
crime; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; identity documents; institutional efficacy; legislation; police efficacy; religion; state surveillance; statistics
Title:
Bosnia and Herzegovina. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
14 October 2015
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=238362
Accessed Date:
27 July 2016
Keywords:
crime; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; institutional efficacy; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
Law on Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina (as amended 2003)
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
URL:
http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/942/file/9dedbe28c50cf1065d77fb8842c0.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; identity documents; legislation
Title:
Law on the Amendments to the Law on Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
URL:
http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/943/file/fc079c9e29de761afd03e39474a6.pdf
Accessed Date:
30 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
Passports, including issuing procedures in and outside the country; entry requirements for citizens of neighbouring former Yugoslav republics (2009-June 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 July 2013
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=454653
Accessed Date:
29 July 2013
Keywords:
citizenship; identity documents; political activities
Title:
Bosnia's Future. Europe Report No. 232.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
10 July 2014
URL:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/53bf7fc24.html
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; conflict; corruption; country overview; election; ethnic and national groups; government corruption; institutional efficacy; legislation; minorities; nationality; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; race; religion; transport infrastructure
Title:
Committee of Experts on Terrorism (CODEXTER). Profiles on Counter-Terrorism Capacity: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Source:
Council of Europe
Date of Document:
May 2014
URL:
https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680641031
Accessed Date:
15 July 2015
Keywords:
crime; extremist/terrorist organizations; legal system; legislation; police/security forces; witness protection
Title:
Treatment of ethnic minorities and availability of state protection; situation and treatment of Roma and Serb populations
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 July 2010
URL:
http://irb-cisr.gc.ca/Eng/ResRec/RirRdi/Pages/index.aspx?doc=453028
Accessed Date:
30 October 2012
Keywords:
children; crime; ethnic and national groups; legislation; minorities; political activities; race; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
Third Opinion on Bosnia and Herzegovina Adopted on 7 March 2013
Code:
ACFC/OP/III(2013)003
Source:
Council of Europe. Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Date of Document:
7 April 2014
URL:
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1396947740_pdf-3rd-op-bih-en.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 July 2014
Keywords:
children; citizenship; ethnic and national groups; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; identity documents; labour; legislation; minorities; nationality; political activities; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
ECRI Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina (fifth monitoring cycle)
Source:
Council of Europe. European Commission against Racism and Intolerance.
Date of Document:
28 February 2017
URL:
https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/Bosnia_Herzegovina/BIH-CbC-V-2017-002-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Focus.
Source:
European Asylum Support Office
Date of Document:
November 2016
URL:
https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/EASO%20COI%20report%20BiH%20final_final%2015nov%202016.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 June 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
13 April 2017
URL:
http://undocs.org/CCPR/C/BIH/CO/3
Accessed Date:
11 July 2017
Title:
Law on Citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unofficial Consolidated Text.
Source:
Bosnia and Herzegovina
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1471601612_bih-law-citizenship-1997-am2013-en.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 July 2017
Title:
Fourth Report submitted by Bosnia and Herzegovina pursuant to Article 25, paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Code:
ACFC/SR/IV(2016)007
Source:
Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees.
Date of Document:
October 2016
URL:
https://rm.coe.int/16806d318e
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.