National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 July 2017
FIJI
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Fiji. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
18 July 2017
Accessed Date:
18 July 2017
Title:
Mélanésie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Fiji. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Fiji. Amnesty International Report 2016/17: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Fiji. Freedom in the World 2016.
Accessed Date:
28 July 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Citizenship of Fiji Decree 2009 (Decree No. 23)
Accessed Date:
24 May 2013
Title:
Fiji Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Constitution of the Republic of Fiji
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Fiji. Election for House of Representatives of 17 September 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
election; legislation; political organizations; statistics
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Fiji. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
crime; domestic violence; family law; gender equality; gender-based violence; labour; legislation; marriage; sexual violence; social services; statistics
Title:
Domestic Violence Decree 2009
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
children; crime; domestic violence; gender equality; gender-based violence; legal system; legislation; nationality; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual violence; social services
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention. Fifth periodic report of States parties due in 2014. Fiji.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
15 July 2016
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
6.
Sexual Minorities - (No items in this section)
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
12.3 Crime Cases Recorded
Source:
Fiji. Bureau of Statistics.
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Fiji (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Title:
Fiji. 2017 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 May 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems - (No items in this section)
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Beating Justice: How Fiji's Security Forces Get Away With Torture
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 December 2016
Accessed Date:
11 July 2017
Title:
Fiji. Freedom of the Press 2015.
Accessed Date:
28 July 2017
Title:
Fiji. International Religious Freedom Report 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
10 August 2016
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Fiji: The Challenges and Opportunities of Diversity
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
March 2013
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; citizenship; crime; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; government corruption; indigenous groups; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; minorities; nationality; police corruption; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; race; religion; statistics
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on his mission to Fiji
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
12 June 2017
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement - (No items in this section)
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Fiji. ITUC Global Rights Index. The World's Worst Countries for Workers.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 July 2015:
Title:
Fiji. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
23 July 2015
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Fiji. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2015
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=236440
Accessed Date:
26 June 2015
Keywords:
abduction; arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; human rights activists; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; marriage; minorities; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political organizations; political prisoners; race; rejected asylum seekers; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; state surveillance; statistics; torture; trafficking in persons; transport infrastructure; warrants
Title:
Fiji. Amnesty International Annual Report 2014/15: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/fiji/report-fiji/
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
election; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; political activities; torture
Title:
Fiji. Freedom in the World 2015.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2015/fiji
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
children; corruption; crime; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; organized crime; penal system; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Fiji Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/english/fees/reciprocity-by-country/FJ.html
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Crime Cases Recorded
Source:
Fiji. Bureau of Statistics.
Date of Document:
December 2013
URL:
http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/index.php/other-statistics/53-other-statistics/crime/129-crimes-offences
Accessed Date:
19 June 2014
Keywords:
crime; statistics
Title:
Fiji (Tier 2). Trafficking in Persons Report 2014.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2014
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226722.htm
Accessed Date:
25 June 2014
Keywords:
children; institutional efficacy; labour; legislation; police efficacy; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Fiji. 2015 OSAC Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 February 2015
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=17099
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
abduction; crime; drug trafficking; election; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; minorities; organized crime; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; religion; sexual violence; social services; statistics; transport infrastructure
Title:
Fiji. Freedom of the Press 2014.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/fiji
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
corruption; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial efficacy; legislation; minorities; political activities; political opposition; race; religion; state surveillance
Title:
Fiji. International Religious Freedom Report 2013.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
28 July 2014
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222131
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; human rights activists; indigenous groups; legislation; minorities; political activities; religion; social services; statistics
Title:
Fiji. ITUC Global Rights Index. The World's Worst Countries for Workers.
Source:
International Trade Union Confederation
URL:
http://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/survey_ra_2014_eng.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 June 2014
Keywords:
freedom of assembly; labour; legislation; police/security forces; political activities
Title:
Fiji. Central Intelligence Agency.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
URL:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/cia12/fiji_sm_2012.gif
Accessed Date:
24 May 2013
Title:
Fiji. Lonely Planet.
URL:
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/pacific/fiji/
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Title:
Fiji: Honor Commitments to Human Rights Council
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
26 October 2014
URL:
http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/26/fiji-honor-commitments-human-rights-council
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; election; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of movement; freedom of the press; human rights activists; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; penal system; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; torture
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Fiji
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
17 December 2014
URL:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/FJSession20.aspx
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; corruption; disappeared persons; domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; organized crime; penal system; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; torture; trafficking in persons
Title:
Fiji – Country of Concern.
Source:
United Kingdom. Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Date of Document:
21 January 2015
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fiji-country-of-concern/fiji-country-of-concern
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
domestic violence; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political organizations; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; statistics; torture
Title:
Case study: Fiji Elections 2014
Source:
United Kingdom. Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Date of Document:
12 March 2015
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/fiji-elections-2014
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
election; freedom of the press; human rights activists; political activities; statistics
Title:
Fiji. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2014: Events of 2013.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
3 July 2014
URL:
http://www.minorityrights.org/12473/state-of-the-worlds-minorities/mrg-state-of-the-worlds-minorities-2014.pdf
Accessed Date:
7 July 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; election; ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; indigenous groups; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; political activities; race
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
URL:
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/Fiji.pdf
Accessed Date:
26 June 2017
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention. Fifth periodic report of States parties due in 2014. Fiji.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
15 July 2016
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/FJI/5
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
Title:
Beating Justice: How Fiji's Security Forces Get Away With Torture
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 December 2016
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa18/5149/2016/en/
Accessed Date:
11 July 2017
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance on his mission to Fiji
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
12 June 2017
URL:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session35/Documents/A_HRC_35_41_Add.3_AUV.docx
Accessed Date:
25 July 2017
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
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- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.