National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 March 2017
MAURITANIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Title:
Mauritania. Central Intelligence Agency.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
3 October 2012
Title:
Mauritanie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
8 July 2016
Title:
Mauritania. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
11 July 2016
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
country overview; map
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
3 March 2017
Accessed Date:
7 March 2017
Title:
Mauritania. Amnesty International Report 2015/16: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; disappeared persons; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; political activities; political prisoners; rejected asylum seekers; torture; trafficking in persons
Title:
Mauritania. Freedom in the World 2015.
Accessed Date:
27 August 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; country overview; crime; document fraud; election; ethnic and national groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; identity documents; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; minorities; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; religion; sexual minorities; state surveillance; statistics; torture; trafficking in persons; tribes/clans
Title:
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Mauritania.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 December 2015
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; children; conflict; disappeared persons; drug trafficking; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; gender-based violence; humanitarian situation; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; marriage; nationality; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; race; religion; sexual violence; social services; torture; trafficking in persons
Title:
Rapport de mission en République Islamique de Mauritanie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
March 2014
Accessed Date:
13 August 2015
Keywords:
citizenship; country overview; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; female genital mutilation; femicide; freedom of movement; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; indigenous groups; labour; legislation; map; minorities; race; rejected asylum seekers; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; social services; statistics; trafficking in persons; tribes/clans
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Mauritania Reciprocity Schedule
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Loi No 1961-112, Loi portant code de la nationalité mauritanienne
Accessed Date:
3 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; legislation
Title:
National identity documents in use in Mauritania, including the passport, identity card, birth certificate and marriage certificate; description of those documents and procedures for obtaining them (2012-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2015
Accessed Date:
25 August 2015
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
Loi No 2010 - 023 du 11 février 2010 abrogeant et remplaçant certaines dispositions de la loi 61 - 112 du 12 juin 1961 portant code de la Nationalité Mauritanienne
Accessed Date:
31 July 2013
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Election for Al Jamiya al Wataniya (National Assembly) of 21 December 2013
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
25 July 2014
Keywords:
election; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; statistics
Title:
Mauritania's Precarious Stability and Islamist Undercurrent
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
11 February 2016
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; minorities; nationality; political activities; political opposition; race
Title:
Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Election for President (President) of 21 June 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems: Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
13 August 2015
Keywords:
election; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; statistics
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 – Mauritania.
Source:
Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; conflict; corruption; election; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; extremist/terrorist organizations; freedom of the press; government corruption; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; religion
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Prevalence of forced marriage; information on legal status, including state protection; ability of women to refuse a forced marriage
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 June 2012
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
Keywords:
family law; marriage
Title:
Mauritania. Social Institutions and Gender Index.
Source:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
13 August 2015
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; gender equality; legislation; marriage; political activities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined second and third periodic reports of Mauritania.
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women.
Date of Document:
24 July 2014
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
children; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; gender equality; legislation; marriage; political activities; sexual violence; trafficking in persons
Title:
Treatment of sexual minorities by society and the authorities, including laws, state protection and support services (2009-March 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 April 2013
Accessed Date:
24 August 2015
Keywords:
legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces; sexual minorities
Title:
Mauritania. State-Sponsored Homophobia. A World Survey of Laws: Criminalisation, Protection and Recognition of Same-Sex Love.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
14 July 2016
Keywords:
legislation; sexual minorities
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Mauritania (Tier 3). 2016 Trafficking in Persons Report.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2016
Accessed Date:
14 July 2016
Keywords:
corruption; ethnic and national groups; minorities; police efficacy; sexual violence; social services; trafficking in persons
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports on Terrorism 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2015
Accessed Date:
11 July 2016
Keywords:
armed groups; extremist/terrorist organizations; institutional efficacy; legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces
Title:
Military service, including whether it is compulsory; potential consequences if a person evades military service (2012-July 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 July 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
Keywords:
legislation; marriage; military service
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Whether Mauritanian citizens are subject to possible convictions and sentences in absentia; if so, the types of offences and crimes for which they could receive convictions or sentences
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 May 2010
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
10.
Police and Security Forces - (No items in this section)
Title:
Mauritania. Freedom of the Press 2015.
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; human rights activists; legislation; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition
Title:
Mauritania. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
14 October 2015
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; family law; freedom of expression; legal system; legislation; minorities; police/security forces; religion; social services; statistics
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Mauritania. State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2016: Events of 2015.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
12 July 2016
Accessed Date:
21 July 2016
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; gender equality; legislation; minorities; tribes/clans
Title:
Still Far From Freedom: The Struggle of Mauritania's Haratine Women.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
4 May 2015
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; gender equality; legislation; minorities; tribes/clans
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Situation of Afro-Mauritanians who left in 1989 and returned from Senegal since 2007; whether Mauritania is accepting the returnees and is granting them citizenship; the situation of those who return (March 2009 - May 2010)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 May 2010
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
Keywords:
citizenship; ethnic and national groups; identity documents
Title:
Situation of returnees who left Mauritania in 1989, especially those who returned from Senegal and those who returned since November 2007 (2007 - January 2009)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 February 2009
Accessed Date:
10 October 2012
Keywords:
ethnic and national groups; internal displacement
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Enforcing Mauritania's Anti-Slavery Legislation: The Continued Failure of the Justice System to Prevent, Protect and Punish.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
4 October 2015
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Keywords:
children; citizenship; ethnic and national groups; freedom of movement; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; minorities; organized crime; religion; social services; statistics
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 29 July 2016:
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 April 2016
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=252705
Accessed Date:
10 May 2016
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; children; citizenship; corruption; disappeared persons; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gender equality; institutional efficacy; internal displacement; Internet; labour; legal system; minorities; penal system; police efficacy; police/security forces; political activities; political prisoners; race; religion; sexual minorities; sexual violence; state surveillance; torture; warrants
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.