National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2022
MAURITANIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
3 October 2012
Title:
Mauritanie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
8 July 2016
Title:
Mauritania. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
15 May 2022
Accessed Date:
25 May 2022
Title:
Social Protection Country Profile: Mauritania
Code:
E/ESCWA/SDD/2016/CP.2
Source:
United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).
Date of Document:
16 November 2016
Accessed Date:
8 July 2019
Title:
Mauritanie : Lutter contre la chronicité
Source:
UN Country Team in Mauritania
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
8 July 2019
Title:
Mauritania. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Présentation de la Mauritanie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
13 July 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Mauritanie. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
22 April 2022
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 March 2020
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
Accessed Date:
27 April 2022
Title:
UPR of Mauritania – 37th session – January 2021. Fact sheet on the situation of slavery in Mauritania.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania. Freedom in the World 2022.
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Ethnicity, Discrimination, and Other Red Lines: Repression of Human Rights Defenders in Mauritania
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 February 2018
Author:
Nicholas McGeehan; Eric Goldstein
Accessed Date:
10 July 2018
Title:
Rapport de mission en République Islamique de Mauritanie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
March 2014
Accessed Date:
13 August 2015
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 19 of the Convention. Second periodic reports of States parties due in 2017: Mauritania.
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
20 February 2017
Accessed Date:
11 July 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Mauritania
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
4 September 2018
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
‘A Sword Hanging over Our Heads': The Repression of Activists Speaking out against Discrimination and Slavery in Mauritania
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 March 2018
Accessed Date:
10 July 2018
Title:
Mauritania. World Report 2021: Events of 2020.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Concluding observations on the second periodic report of Mauritania
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
23 August 2019
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Mauritania: Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee 126th session, 1-26 July 2019
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
4 June 2019
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Mauritania
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MRT/1
Date of Document:
9 November 2020
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Compilation on Mauritania
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MRT/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
2 November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Mauritania
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MRT/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
5 November 2020
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Islamic Republic of Mauritania Joint Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review 37th Session of the UPR Working Group
Source:
CIVICUS; West African Human Rights Defenders Network
Date of Document:
9 July 2020
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Mauritania. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Loi No 1961-112, Loi portant code de la nationalité mauritanienne
Accessed Date:
3 October 2012
Title:
National identity documents in use in Mauritania, including the passport, identity card, birth certificate and marriage certificate; description of those documents and procedures for obtaining them (2012-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2015
Accessed Date:
25 August 2015
Title:
Loi No 2010 - 023 du 11 février 2010 abrogeant et remplaçant certaines dispositions de la loi 61 - 112 du 12 juin 1961 portant code de la Nationalité Mauritanienne
Accessed Date:
31 July 2013
Title:
Mauritanie: La campagne d'enrôlement biométrique
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
5 July 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Election for Al Jamiya al Wataniya (Mauritanian National Assembly) of 1 September 2018.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Control and Contain: Mauritania's Clerics and the Strategy Against Violent Extremism
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
29 March 2019
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Election for President of 22 June 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
18 July 2019
Title:
Mission d'Observation de L'Union Africaine pour le premier tour des élections législatives, régionales et municipales du 1 septembre 2018 en République Islamique de Mauritanie : Rapport final
Date of Document:
15 May 2019
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Élaboration d'une cartographie fonctionnelle et dynamique (Mapping) de la société civile en Mauritanie entre le 10ème et 11ème FED. Contrat Cadre No. 2015/368831. Cartographie des OSC.
Code:
EuropeAid/132633/C/SER/multi
Source:
International Consulting Expertise
Date of Document:
April 2016
Author:
Stefano Verdecchia et al.
Accessed Date:
21 June 2017
Title:
Mauritania: The Military's Permanence in ‘Democracy'
Source:
Brussels International Center
Date of Document:
September 2019
Accessed Date:
25 May 2022
Title:
The Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA), including its Canadian and US chapters, its founding, mission, structure, activities and documents issued to members; treatment of members by the authorities (2018–November 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
30 November 2020
Accessed Date:
19 May 2021
Title:
Mauritanie: La scène politique mauritanienne
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 July 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Prevalence of forced marriage and its legal status; state protection; whether a woman can refuse a forced marriage (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2017
Accessed Date:
31 July 2017
Title:
Mauritania. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Mauritanie : Les mariages forcés en Mauritanie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 February 2017
Accessed Date:
10 July 2018
Title:
Submission to the United Nations Committee of the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC): Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Source:
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization; Sahel Foundation
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Les cérémonies matrimoniales en Mauritanie entre rituels immuables et diversité culturelle
Date of Document:
10 May 2017
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
'They Told Me to Keep Quiet”: Obstacles to Justice and Remedy for Sexual Assault Survivors in Mauritania
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 September 2018
Accessed Date:
20 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania: The Law And FGM
Source:
28 Too Many; Thomson Reuters Foundation
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Mauritania: Overview of Muslim Family Laws and Practices
Date of Document:
31 May 2017
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Mauritanie : Les mutilations génitales féminines (MGF) en Mauritanie
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 February 2017
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
FGM in Mauritania: Short Report
Date of Document:
February 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Human Rights Watch Submission to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women on Mauritania
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 February 2021
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Fourth periodic report submitted by Mauritania under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2018
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
11 December 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
The treatment of sexual minorities by society and the authorities, including laws, state protection and support services (2015-July 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 July 2017
Accessed Date:
26 July 2017
Title:
Mauritania. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania: Prison Terms for Men Celebrating Birthday
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
7 February 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Mauritania: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
1 July 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Mauritania.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
21 April 2022
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Military service, including whether it is compulsory; potential consequences if a person evades military service (2012-July 2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 July 2013
Accessed Date:
29 July 2014
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment on his mission to Mauritania
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
13 December 2016
Accessed Date:
21 June 2017
Title:
Update: Law and Legal Systems in Mauritania
Date of Document:
March 2017
Author:
Zelezeck Nguimatsa Serge; Kevashinee Pillay
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Bilan de l'application de la loi 2015-031, portant incrimination de l'esclavage et réprimant les pratiques esclavagistes en Mauritanie
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; International Labour Organization
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Mauritania. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Liberté d'expression : La Mauritanie face à ses engagements
Source:
Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme
Accessed Date:
21 June 2017
Title:
Recrudescence des poursuites en justice contre la liberté d'expression en Mauritanie
Source:
Media Foundation For West Africa
Date of Document:
26 November 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania: New law on protection of national symbols threatens free speech
Date of Document:
2 December 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania. International Religious Freedom Report for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Accessed Date:
20 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania. Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
25 September 2020
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Mauritania. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2019
Accessed Date:
20 July 2020
Title:
Still Far From Freedom: The Struggle of Mauritania's Haratine Women
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
April 2015
Author:
Paige Wilhite Jennings
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Title:
IV. Specific issues. Report of the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights on his mission to Mauritania.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
8 March 2017
Accessed Date:
23 June 2017
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined eighth to fourteenth periodic reports of Mauritania
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
30 May 2018
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
The Wolof ethnic group, including characteristics and location; treatment by society and authorities; availability of state protection (2016-November 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 November 2018
Accessed Date:
22 July 2019
Title:
The Moulamines (blacksmiths), including their unique characteristics and their location; treatment of the Moulamines by society and the authorities; consequences of a marriage to a person of a noble caste; protection available (2014-February 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 February 2018
Accessed Date:
19 July 2018
Title:
Mauritania: Submission to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
31 July 2019
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined eighth to fourteenth periodic reports of Mauritania. Addendum: Information received from Mauritania on follow-up to the concluding observations.
Code:
CERD/C/MRT/CO/8-14/Add.1
Date of Document:
16 July 2019
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Mauritanie : Situation des personnes atteintes d'albinisme (PVA)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 June 2021
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports : Displaced and Disconnected.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
April 2019
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Rapport de profilage socio-économique des ménages réfugiés du camp de Mbera Mauritanie
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees et al.
Date of Document:
11 February 2019
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Suivi des mouvements transhumants. Rapport 1. 18 mars – 16 mai 2019.
Source:
International Organization for Migration, Mauritania
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 May 2021:
Title:
Mauritania. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
27 April 2021
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — Mauritania
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
URL:
https://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report-MRT.html
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Présentation de la Mauritanie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
29 January 2021
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/mauritanie/presentation-de-la-mauritanie/
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Mauritanie. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
2 December 2018
URL:
http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/mauritanie.htm
Accessed Date:
4 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/mauritania
Accessed Date:
21 April 2021
Title:
Mauritania. Freedom in the World 2021.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/mauritania/freedom-world/2021
Accessed Date:
20 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Mauritania.html
Accessed Date:
5 May 2021
Title:
Mauritania: Tier 2 Watch List. Trafficking in Persons Report 2020
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
25 June 2020
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/mauritania/
Accessed Date:
24 July 2020
Title:
Mauritania. Human Rights in Africa: Review of 2019.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 April 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR0113522020ENGLISH.PDF
Accessed Date:
29 June 2020
Title:
Mauritania. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2019_light.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 July 2019
Title:
Mauritania. 2020 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
16 April 2020
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/37f54420-a772-4254-af59-1875fb6f7f5a
Accessed Date:
24 July 2020
Title:
Enforcing Mauritania's Anti-Slavery Legislation: The Continued Failure of the Justice System to Prevent, Protect and Punish
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
4 October 2015
Author:
Rebecca Marlin; Sarah Mathewson
Editor:
Carla Clarke et al.
URL:
http://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MRG_Rep_Maur2_Nov15_ENG_2.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 June 2016
Title:
UPR of Mauritania – 37th session – January 2021. Fact sheet on the situation of slavery in Mauritania.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
July 2020
URL:
https://minorityrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/UPR37_Mauritania_Slavery_MRG_SOS-Esclaves_ASI.pdf?msclkid=eef2f312ac9c11ecad33c86f44971335
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/Our_Identities_Under_Arrest_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Mauritania.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
21 April 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/80d4c4c7-c191-4516-86a6-1c9c9364ae9e
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Bilan de l'application de la loi 2015-031, portant incrimination de l'esclavage et réprimant les pratiques esclavagistes en Mauritanie
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; International Labour Organization
URL:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TblNN2gDIJ4xUQVrPYVitJNV2p_d7aKx/view
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide.
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
URL:
https://www.policinglaw.info/country/mauritania
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritania: New law on protection of national symbols threatens free speech
Date of Document:
2 December 2021
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/mauritania-new-law-on-protection-of-national-symbols-threatens-free-speech/
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Title:
Mauritanie : Situation des personnes atteintes d'albinisme (PVA)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
18 June 2021
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2106_mrt_situation_des_pva_153176_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 May 2022
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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- the content accessed by these links,
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The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.